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WGU D236: Objective Assessment – Pathophysiology Exam (2025–2026 Edition) – 100+ Verified Q&A

EDUC100 Education — exam and revision material · Other

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Education exam material, 63 pages. Originally published on StudyMerit.

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63
Academic year
2025/2026
Language
English

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WGU pathophysiology D236 La test Exa m 2025 Questions And Correct Answer What is Starling's Law of Capillary forces? How does this explain why a nutritionally deficient child would h ave edema? - Correct Answer>> Starling's Law describes how fluids move across the capillary membrane. There are two major opposing forces that act to balance each other, hydrostatic pressure (pushing water out of the capillaries) and osmotic pressure (inclu ding oncontic pressure, which pushes fluid into the capillaries). Both electrolytes and proteins (oncontic pressure) in the blood affect osmotic pressure, high electrolyte and protein concentrations in the blood would cause water to leave the cells and i nterstitial space and enter the blood stream to dilute the high concentrations. On, the other hand, low electrolyte and protein concentrations (as seen in a nutritionally deficient child) would cause water to leave the capillaries and enter the cells and interstitial fluid which can lead to edema. How does the RAAS (Renin - Angiotensin - Aldosterone System) result in increased blood volume and increased blood pressure? Downloaded by Studymerit Dotcom (samuelkaruiki40@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|6879242

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- Correct Answer>> A drop in blood pressure is sensed by the kidneys by low perfusion, whic h in turn begins to secrete renin. Renin then triggers the liver to produce angiotensinogen, which is converted to Angiotensin I in the lungs and then angiotensin II by the enzyme Angiotensin - converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II stimulates periphera l arterial vasoconstriction which raises BP. Angiotensin II is also stimulating the adrenal gland to release aldosterone, which acts to increase sodium and water reabsorption increasing blood volume, while also increased potassium secretion in urine. How can hyperkalemia lead to cardiac arrest? - Correct Answer>> Normal levels of potassium are between 3.5 and 5.2 mEq/dL. Hyperkalemia refers to potassium levels higher that 5.2 mEq/dL. A major function of potassium is to conduct nerve impulses in muscle s. Too low and muscle weakness occurs and too much can cause muscle spasms. This is especially dangerous in the heart muscle and an irregular heartbeat can cause a heart attack The body uses the Protein Buffering System, Phosphate Buffering System, and Carbonic Acid - Bicarbonate System to Downloaded by Studymerit Dotcom (samuelkaruiki40@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|6879242

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regulate and maintain homeostatic pH, what is the consequence of a pH imbalance - Correct Answer>> Proteins contain many acidic and basic group that can be affected by pH changes. Any increase or decrease in blood pH can alter the structure of the protein (denature), thereby affecting its function as well Describe the laboratory findings associated with metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis. (ie relative pH and CO2 levels) . - Correct Answer>> Normal ABGs (Arterial Blood Gases) Blood pH: 7.35 - 7.45 PCO2: 35 - 45 mm Hg PO2: 90 - 100 mm Hg HCO3 - : 22 - 26 mEq/L SaO2: 95 - 100% Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis are marked by changes in PCO2. Higher = acidosis and lower = alkalosis Me tabolic acidosis and alkalosis are caused by something other than abnormal CO2 levels. This could include toxicity, diabetes, renal failure or excessive GI losses. Here are the rules to follow to determine if is respiratory or metabolic in nature. - If pH and PCO2 are moving in opposite directions, then it is the pCO2 levels that are causing the imbalance and it is respiratory in nature. - If PCO2 is normal or is moving in the same direction as the pH, then the imbalance is metabolic in nature. Downloaded by Studymerit Dotcom (samuelkaruiki40@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|6879242

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