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Wgu D027 Objective Assessment Final Exam 2025/2026 Complete Questions and Correct Detailed Answers with Rationales || 100% Guaranteed Pass!! Latest Version

HEAL100 Health Care — exam and revision material · Other

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Health Care exam material, 17 pages. Originally published on StudyMerit.

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17
Academic year
2025/2026
Language
English

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WGU D027 pathopharm Exam Questions with correct Answers Mechanism of Action for loop diuretics - Answer - block water reasborption in the loop of Henle of nephron. Increases urine output Suffix for loop - Answer - - emide ex: furosemide cautions in using loop diuretics - Answer - decreased potassium, decreased BP, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity USE WITH CAUTION in those who have auditory/renal impairments Suffix for Thiazide Diuretics - Answer - - thiazide MOA for thiazide diuretics - Answer - blood w ater reabsorption in distal tube of nephron -- increases urine output adverse drug reactions for thiazide diuretics - Answer - decreases potassium, increases uric acid, increases calcium AVOID use in hx with gout, use cautiously with kidney disease Contrai ndicator for thiazide diuretics - Answer - those with sulfa allergies, contains sulfa group in molecular structure. Also avoid in hx of gout due to increase of uric acid Aldosterone antagonists MOA - Answer - inhibits aldosterone which results in sodium los s in the nephron, water follows and is excreted, potassium is retained (potassium sparing diuretic) example of an aldosterone antagonist - Answer - Spironolactone adverse drug reactions for aldosterone antagonists - Answer - high potassium, androgen blocki ng (blocks testosterone and causes estrogen effects) beta blocker examples - Answer - Propranolol (Inderal) Metroprolol (Lopressor/Toprol XL) Atenolol (Tenormin) Carvedilol (Coreg) MOA of beta blockers - Answer - block adrenergic effects of Beta 1 and Beta 2 receptors (cause cholinergic effects) result in low HR and Low BP Contraindicators for beta blockers - Answer - chronic respiratory conditions (particularly for beta 2 blockers)

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HR <60 bpm disguises hypoglycemia symptoms What does angiotensin 2 do? - Answer - angiotensin II causes vasonconstriction and secretion of aldosterone, which results in reabsorption of sodium/water in the nephrons angiotensin 2 converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) suffix and MOA - Answer - suffix: - pril example: lisinopril MOA: inhibits ACE from converting angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2, therefor prevents water reabsorption decreases cardiac workload decreases BP Advers e drug reactions for ACE inhibitors - Answer - high potassium, angioedema, dry cough Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARBs) suffix and MOA - Answer - suffix: sartan example: losartan MOA: prevent Angiotensin2 from binding to receptor sites, which then prevents reabsorption of water and vasoconstriction leads to lower BP Adverse drug reactions of ARBS - Answer - high potassium, angioedema prefix of cardiac glycosides - Answer - "dig" ex: digoxin MOA of cardiac glycosides - Answer - block Na/K pump, indirectly c hanges the calcium balance, leads to powerful contraction w/ HB does not lower blood pressure, only HR FYIs for cardiac glycosides - Answer - measure HR, hold if <60bpm sx of digoxin toxicity: anorexia, visual disturbance, chest palpitations Which of the following drugs may cause hypokalemia? A) torsemide B) hydrochlorothiazide C) spironolactone D) Digoxin - Answer - A and B - Torsemide and HCTZ lower serum potassium due to increased potassium excretion in the kidneys D) When entering the circu lation, digoxin binds to sodium/potassium pumps which can also decrease OR increase potassium ACE inhibitors result in which of the following outcomes? select all that apply: a) vasodilation b) vasoconstriction c) ADH is inhibited

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d) ADH is released e) i ncreased urination f) decreased urination - Answer - a) c) e) Which medication may hide symptoms of hypoglycemia in a patient with T1DM? - Answer - beta blockers Example of Antiplatelet drug - Answer - clopidogrel (plavix) MOA of anti - platelet drug - Ans wer - inhibits fxn of ADP by blocking receptor site on platelet adverse drug reactions to clopidogrel/Plavix - Answer - bruising, bleeding, rash, flulike sx CAUTION with clopidogrel - Answer - avoid ASA/Plavix/ NSAIDS - stop taking at least 5 days prior to surgery example of indirect thrombin inhibitor - Answer - heparin, enoxoparin, dalteparin - parins MOA of heparin - Answer - inhibits factor 10 (X) and therefor inhibits thrombin formation - fast acting, short 1/2 life Antedote for heparin - Answer - protamine sulfate Lab value evaluated for heparin - Answer - aPTT (activated partial thrombine time) - looking for 1.5 - 2.5 x the normal value - so if normal is 25 - 35 seconds, look for 60 - 90 seconds what factors do vitamin k antagoni sts effect? - Answer - 9a, 7a, 10a, and prothrombin - decreases fibrin clot formation what is an example of a vitamin K antagonist - Answer - Warfarin (Coumadin) What interactions does Warfarin Have? - Answer - anything that contains vitamin K : the "G" her bal products (Ginko, Green tea, Ginseng, Ginger) dark leafy greens Antidote for excessive bleeding caused by warfarin - Answer - vitamin K injection - effects may be delayed 2 - 7 days due to the delayed onset Labs evaluated with warfarin - Answer - INR 2 - 4 range PT in combination - 9 - 12 seconds

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