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Wgu D017 School Law Exam PREP 2026 Questions with Solutions Updated Study Guide

LAW100 Law — exam and revision material · Other

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Law exam material, 25 pages. Originally published on StudyMerit.

Pages
25
Academic year
2025/2026
Language
English

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D017 School law Study Guide Notes From a second attempt student 2025 (Who passed!) Chapter 1: History of Schooling ❖ The Common School Movement ➢ 1837, Massachusetts ➢ Horace Mann is known as the founder ➢ Everyone was entitled to an education regardless of socio-economic status ➢ First schools to be funded by tax dollars ❖ Compulsory Attendance Laws ➢ Shift from voluntary to compulsory ■ Parens Patriae →The government shares the responsibility of minor children who cannot care for themselves ● also made school required so parents couldn’t keep children home ➢ Children ages 3-14 (now 5- 18) were required to attend school for at least 3 months out of the year (6 weeks had to be consecutive) ➢ Truancy ■ The court can penalize parents for their children not being in school ■ There must be a valid reason for not bringing them to school ■ Schools cannot question the validity of excused absences, but must show proof of unexcused ❖ Landmark Events ➢ National Defense Education Act (1958) ■ In response to the Space Race (Russia beat the US to getting a satellite to space, which made the US government want to focus on our academics) ■ Funds are given to schools for S.T.E.A.M. programs. ■ Established the legitimacy of federal funding for higher education and made funds available for low- cost student loans, boosting public and private colleges and universities ➢ The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965) ■ Under President Johnson ■ Provides federal funding to support disadvantaged students ■ Aimed to close achievement gaps and improve educational equity using federal funding for schools ■ Title I → created by the U.S. Department of Education to give funds to schools with high numbers of low- income families. ■ Title II → supports school libraries for both public and private schools. ■ Title II → mandated educational programs even outside of school sessions and funding to special education ➢ A Nation at Risk (1983) ■ Under President Regan ■ A federal commissions report (comparing mainly high schools) ■ Kicked off on focusing on standards and comparing our education to other countries ■ The Emergency Immigrant Education Act of 1984 provided fi nancial funding to meet the needs of English language instruction ➢ Improving America’s Schools Act (1994) Downloaded by Studymerit Dotcom (samuelkaruiki40@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|6879242

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■ Under President Clinton ■ Standard- based education ● Assessments were improved to measure student academic growth ■ Increased funding for Title I schools and promoted higher academic standards ■ Data gathered to measure student achievement, teacher and school effectiveness ● Helps teachers better tailor instruction to student needs and provides more useful information to the students and their families ➢ No Child Left Behind (2002) ■ Under President Bush ■ Brought in strict assessments to measure the accountability of the school for both teachers and students (AYP= Adequate Yearly Progress); made them mandatory ■ Yearly standardized tests measure how schools performed against the bars set for Title I. ■ Schools were responsible for annual report cards detailing student achievement ➢ Every Student Succeeds Act (2015) ■ Under President Obama ■ Offered fl exibility to states from some of the laws most cumbersome provisions ■ States had to demonstrate they adopted college and career ready standards and assessments to receive funding ■ Implemented school accountability systems that focused on the lowest- performing schools with the largest achievement gaps ■ Districts had to implement teacher evaluations, principal evaluations, and support systems ❖ Case Law on Civil Rights ➢ Plessy v Ferguson ■ Establishing “separate but equal”, allowing segregation in schools ➢ Brown v Board of Education of Topeka ■ Overruled Plessy v Ferguson stating that “separate but equal” violated the 14th amendment ➢ Brown II ■ Expedited that schools desegregated ❖ Schooling ➢ US Constitutional Rights (3 core) ■ Right to Life ● A fundamental human right that protects a person’s life from being taken arbitrarily or unlawfully ■ Right to Liberty ● The right to be free from arbitrary detention or imprisonment ■ Right to Property ● The legal authority to use, possess, and dispose of a resource ◆ Students entitlement to access to the education itself ◆ Teachers are entitled to DO their given job ➢ Public school Downloaded by Studymerit Dotcom (samuelkaruiki40@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|6879242

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■ Funded publicly and is required to follow all rules and laws of the federal and state government. ■ Attendance for all and does ful fi ll the property rights guaranteed to students by the US Constitution (core) ➢ Private school ■ Funded by tuition and donations ■ Not required to follow all state requirements, but it is required to maintain accreditation ■ Attendance by choice and does not ful fi ll the property rights guaranteed to students by the US Constitution (core) ➢ Charter school ■ Some are funded by local districts and run like public schools, however those that are funded privately operate similarly to private schools ■ Attendance is chosen by lottery and does not ful fi ll the property rights guaranteed to students by the US Constitution (core) ➢ Home school ■ Legal in all 50 states, but each state has different regulations ■ Supreme Court ruled that parents have the right to direct their child’s education and that homeschooling is constitutional Chapter 2: Legal Systems and Structures ❖ Roles ➢ Federal trumps state regulations; State trumps local regulations ➢ State ■ Has plenary, or absolute power, power to making laws governing education ■ School buildings are state property, local school boards are state officials, and teachers are state employees ■ Public school funds, regardless of where collected, are state funds, which makes 92% of their funding (federal is about only 8% of the school funds; states have to follow federal laws to receive this funding) ■ Attendance, graduation, teacher license are all designed by the state ➢ Federal ■ Congress has the authority to provide funding to education and can regulate schools through the enforcement of constitutional provisions (10th Amendment) ■ The Department of education enforces the basic rights of individuals while providing funding to education, which often involves following federal regulations. ■ Provides roughly only 8% of funding for schools ➢ Local ■ Local school board members are appointed by citizenry or by the governor ■ Can sometimes add to state laws or rules (additions, not subtractions) ■ Hiring and fi ring of school employees ■ Maintain school properties ensuring the buildings comply with all state and federal legal requirements Downloaded by Studymerit Dotcom (samuelkaruiki40@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|6879242

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