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Struggling to memorize every system, organ, and function before your A&P exam? This comprehensive study guide organizes everything clearly so you can study smarter, not harder. What's inside: All

HEAL100 Health Care — exam and revision material · Other

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Health Care exam material, 5 pages. Originally published on StudyMerit.

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5
Academic year
2025/2026
Language
English

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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Complete Exam Prep Study Guide | A&P 101 Practice Questions with Full Explanations 5 Body Systems | 25 Questions | Pre - Nursing & Health Science Aligned | 2025 SECTION 1: SKELETAL & MUSCULAR SYSTEM Q1: What is the primary function of the skeletal system? A. Hormone production B. Support, protection, and movement C. Gas exchange D. Nutrient absorption ✔ Answer: B. Support, protection, and movement Explanation: The skeleton provides structural support, protects vital organs (e.g., ribs protect lungs), allows movement via muscle attachment, produces blood cells (hematopoiesis), and stores minerals like calcium. Q2: Which type of bone marrow is responsible for blood cell production? A. Yellow bone marrow B. Cortical bone C. Red bone marrow D. Cancellous bone ✔ Answer: C. Red bone marrow Explanation: Red bone marrow contains hematopoietic stem cells that produce red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Yellow marrow is mostly fat and is found in adult long bones. Q3: What is the role of osteoclasts in bone remodeling? A. Build new bone tissue B. Break down old bone tissue C. Produce collagen fibers D. Regulate calcium absorption ✔ Answer: B. Break down old bone tissue Explanation: Osteoclasts resorb (break down) bone by secreting acids and enzymes. Osteoblasts build new bone. Together, they maintain bone density and allow healing and remodeling. Q4: Which muscle type is voluntary and striated? A. Smooth muscle B. Cardiac muscle C. Skeletal muscle D. Visceral muscle ✔ Answer: C. Skeletal muscle

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Explanation: Skeletal muscle is attached to bones, voluntary (consciously controlled), and striated (has a banded appearance). Cardiac muscle is involuntary but striated. Smooth muscle is involuntary and non - striated. Q5: What is the neuromuscular junction? A. The point where two bones meet B. The site where a motor neuron meets a muscle fiber C. The junction between tendons and ligaments D. A type of joint in the spine ✔ Answer: B. The site where a motor neuron meets a muscle fiber Explanation: At the neuromuscular junction, acetylcholine released from motor neurons binds to receptors on muscle cells, triggering an action potential and muscle contraction. SECTION 2: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Q1: Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body? A. Right atrium B. Right ventricle C. Left atrium D. Left ventricle ✔ Answer: D. Left ventricle Explanation: The left ventricle is the most muscular chamber and pumps oxygenated blood through the aorta to the systemic circulation. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. Q2: What is the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node? A. Delay electrical impulse between atria and ventricles B. Generate the heart's natural pacemaker rhythm C. Pump blood into the aorta D. Prevent backflow of blood ✔ Answer: B. Generate the heart's natural pacemaker rhythm Explanation: The SA node is called the natural pacemaker. It generates electrical impulses at 60 – 100 bpm that spread through the atria to the AV node, then to the ventricles, coordinating the heartbeat. Q3: What is the normal range for an adult's resting heart rate? A. 40 – 60 bpm B. 60 – 100 bpm C. 100 – 120 bpm D. 50 – 90 bpm ✔ Answer: B. 60 – 100 bpm Explanation: Normal adult resting heart rate is 60 – 100 bpm. Below 60 is bradycardia; above 100 is tachycardia. Athletes may have rates as low as 40 bpm due to cardiac efficiency. Q4: Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart? A. Veins B. Venules C. Arteries D. Capillaries

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