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Nutrition Final Exam

HEAL100 Health Care — exam and revision material · Other

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Health Care exam material, 5 pages. Originally published on StudyMerit.

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5
Academic year
2025/2026
Language
English

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Nutrition Final Exam Lacto ovo vegetarian diet: ● Lacto-vegetarian= plants & dairy products Simple Vs Complex Carbs ● Complex: Polysaccharides Complex Carbs made of long chains of many sugar molecules, don’t taste sweet. Usually Insoluble in water. Starch, dextrin, glycogen, & fiber. ● Simple: Monosaccharides(Glucose, fructose, galactose) & disaccharides( , sucrose, lactose, maltose) ● One sugar, simple sugar/ simple carb ● Glucose, Fructose, Galactose ● Glucose (dextrose/blood sugar) most common in body End Product of Carb digestion 3 things: ● Glucose, fructose, galactose absorbed through intestinal mucosa Obesity & overweight risk for?: ● Diabetes, cardiac disease, stroke Functions of fat in body: Provide energy, 9kcal, more than twice than carbs or protein, 40% of energy at rest, carries fat soluble vitamins, and provides essential fatty acids, provides satiety b/c leaves the stomach slower ● Supplies large amount of energy in a small amount of food ● Excess fat stored as adipose tissue ● Conserves body heat ● Helps keep skin health=fatty acids ● Carries fat soluble “ADEK” ● Protects and insulates nerve tissue Fatty acids= monosaturated= food in what ● One double bond ● Plant sources = vegetable oils liquid at room temp (canola, olive oil, high oleic, safflower, sunflower), avocado, & nuts High intake of trans fatty acids do what to HDL & LDL: “Good” Cholesterol: + HDL + Increase levels of HDL ● LIpoprotein HDL; ● HDL= High Density lipoprotein ● Function to transport cholesterol from tissues back to liver= lowers serum cholesterol levels/risk of heart disease ● HDL levels can increase by exercise, weight loss, smoking, cessation, & moderate alcohol consumption

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● Trans fats decrease HDL level, increase LDL (bad cholesterol) Who is at risk for Vitamin D deficiency?: ● Totally breast fed infants, vegetarians who dont consume dairy, homebound or institutionalized (highest risk, no sunlight) ● Secondary risk= liver disease, kidney disease, or fat malabsorption Vitamin D deficiency: ● Bleeding gums, Pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin, Scurvy = Hemorrhaging, muscle degeneration, skin changes; Delayed wound healing, reopening of wounds, softening the bones, malformation, pain, easy fractures, soft/loose teeth, Anemia, increased susceptibility to infection, Hysteria & depression ● Populations at risk for deficiency= people who don’t eat fruit or vegetables, alcholics, people of low socioeconomic status ( smokers need extra Vit C b/c nicotine inhibits absorption) Which nutrients supply energy: ● Carbs What are fat soluble vitamins: Fat Soluble Vitamins: Vitamins A, D, E, K ● Absorbed into lymphatic circulation w/ fat & must attach to a protein carrier to be transported through the blood ● Body stores fat sol vit primarily in liver & fat tissue = deficiency symptoms rare b/c stored in body’ ● Vitamin A & D toxic in excess for prolonged period ● Cooking doesn't easily destroy Adequate Fluid intake essential for: ● Preventing pressure wounds, renal calculi, bladder infections, constipation, & dehydration (establish bladder & bowel routine) Too much fat & dietary excess, leads to imbalance therefore what disease(s): Obesity, cardiac disease, hyperlipidemia, heart attack, death stroke Progression of Post op food: Clear, full liquid ● Clear ● Full ● Soft ● Regular Food source of Vitamin K: ● Liver

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