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Health Care exam material, 21 pages. Originally published on StudyMerit.
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NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology UTA Exam 1 (Latest 2025 / 2026 Update) r eal Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Already Graded A+. 1. What A can A Reactive A Oxygen A Species A cause?: A Heart A disease, A Alzheimers, A Par kinsons, A Amyotrophic A Lateral A Sclerosis A (ALS), A CV A disease, A HTN, A HLD, A DM, A isch emic A heart A disease, A HF, A OSA. A Lipid A perioxidation, A damage A proteins, A fragment A D NA, A less A *protein A synthesis*, A chromatin A destruction, A damage A mitochondria 2. What A is A the A body's A defense A against A ROS?: A Antioxidants A (Vitamin A E, A Vitamin A C, A cysteine, A glutathione, A albumin, A ceruloplasmin, A transferrin) 3. How A are A free A radicals A produced?: A 1. A Normal A cellular A respiration 2. Absorption A of A extreme A energy A sources A (radiation, A UV A light) 3. Metabolism A of A exogenous A chemicals, A drugs, A and A pesticides 4. Transition A of A metals 5. Nitric A oxide A acting A like A a A chemical A mediator A and A a A free A radical 4. action A potential: A Process A of A conducting A an A impulse. A Activates A the A neuron A -- > A the A neuron A depolarizes A --> A then A repolarizes 5. Threshold A potential: A Point A at A which A depolarization A must A reach A in A order A to A i nitiate A an A action A potential 6. Hypokalemia A and A action A potentials: A HYPERpolarized A (more A negative, A ex. A - A 100). A Less A excitable. A Decreased A neuromuscular A excitability: A weakness, A smooth A mu scle A atony, A paresthesia, A cardiac A dysrhythmias 7. Hyperkalemia A and A action A potentials: A HYPOpolarized A (more A positive, A ex: A closer A to A 0). A More A excitable. A Peaked A T A waves. When A resting A membrane A potential=threshold A potential, A it A is A BAD A = A cardiac A standstill, A paresthesia, A paralysis 1 A / A 16
. 8. Hypocalcemia A and A action A potentials: A Increased A permeability A to A Na+. A More A excitable. A Tetany, A hyperreflexia, A circumoral A paresthesia, A seizures, A dysrhythmias. 9. Hypercalcemia A and A action A potentials: A Decreased A permeability A to A Na+. A Less A excitable. A Weakness, A hyporeflexia, A fatigue, A lethargy, A confusion, A encephal opathy, A depressed A T A waves 10. Atrophy: A Occurs A as A a A result A of A decrease A in A work A load, A pressure, A use, A blood A s upply, A nutrition, A hormonal A stimulation, A or A nervous A stimulation. A Once A the A cell A has A de creased A in A size, A it A has A now A compensated A for A decreased A blood A supply, A nerve A suppl y, A nutrient A supply, A hormonal A supply, A and A has A achieved A new A homeostasis. A Cells A ar e A alive A but A have A diminished A function A and A may A lead A to A cellular A death. 11. Atrophy A examples: A Physiologic A atrophy- A shrinking A of A the A thymus A gland A during A childhood. Disuse A atrophy- A someone A that A ends A up A being A paralyzed 12. Hypertrophy: A Increase A in A SIZE A of A cells, A which A will A lead A to A increase A in A size A of A o rgan. A Caused A by A hormonal A stimulation A or A increased A functional A demand. 13 A Hypertrophy A examples: A physiologic A hypertrophy- A skeletal A hypertrophy A when A a A person A does A heavy A work A or A weight A lifting A / A when A a A kidn ey A is A surgically A removed, A the A other A kidney A increases A in A size pathologic A hypertrophy- A cardiomegaly A results A from A an A increased A workload A in A hypertensive A patients A / A *left A ven tricular A hypertrophy* 14. Hyperplasia: A Increase A in A NUMBER A of A cells. A Results A from A increased A rate A of A mitosis. A Can A ONLY A happen A in A cells A that A are A capable A of A mitosis A (cell A division). 15. Hyperplasia A examples: A 1. A Thickening A of A skin A because A of A hyperplasia A of A epidermal A cells. 2. Hormonal A hyperplasia- A occurs A in A estrogen A dependent A organs A like A uterus A and A breast.
2 A / A 16
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