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NSG 3280 exam 1

HEAL100 Health Care — exam and revision material · Other

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Health Care exam material, 15 pages. Originally published on StudyMerit.

Pages
15
Academic year
2025/2026
Language
English

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Unit 1: Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4 Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology Etiology: The Cause  Study of causes or the reason for phenomena  Identifies casual factors that, acting in concert, provoke a particular disease or injury  Classifications: o Idiopathic : cause is unknown o Iatrogenic: cause result from unintended or unwanted medical treatment  Risk Factor: o A factor that when present increases the likelihood of disease o The presence of risk factors does not guarantee that a condition will occur. Pathogenesis: The development or evolution of the disease from initial stimulus to the ultimate expression of manifestations of that disease Clinical Manifestations:  Signs (objective) Ex: elevated temperature, swollen extremity  Symptoms (subjective) Ex: headache, pain, SOB, dizziness  Syndrome: Is the etiology of signs and symptoms that have yet to be determined o Can be local or systemic  Local: refers to being found at the site of the disease and is confined to the specific area (redness, swelling, bruising)  Systemic: is present throughout the body and is not confined to an area (fever, hypertension, lethargic, generalized body aches) Stages and Clinical Course:  Latent: Is a time between exposure to tissue to an injurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms. No clinical manifestations  Called incubation in infectious diseases  Prodromal: Appearance of first clinical manifestations indicating the onset of a disease. Symptoms are nonspecific, such as anorexia, headache, malaise  Manifest Illness: The disease reaches its full intensity and signs and symptoms attain their greatest severity  Silent (latent): Clinical manifestations become mild or even disappear messages.downloaded_by messages.pdf_cover_qr_code_label lOMoARcPSD|14174986

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 Subclinical: The patient functions normally, but the disease processes well established  Acute Clinical course: Relatively severe manifestations but runs a short course measured in hours, days, or a few weeks  Chronic Clinical Course: Sometimes it begins with an acute phase and becomes prolonged when the body’s defenses are insufficient to overcome the causative agent or stressor  Exacerbation: sudden increase in the severity of a disease or signs and symptoms  Remission: decline in severity of the clinical manifestations of a disease  Convalescence: stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation  Sequalae: the acute phase of an illness has resolved but a condition (sequela) has resulted  Late effects of an injury, scarring  Complications: Interferer with the healing process; wound getting infected Treatment implications: An understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of a particular disorder may suggest that certain treatments could be helpful Levels of Prevention:  Primary: Prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals o Examples:  Immunization, health education, regularly exercising  Secondary: The early detection, screening, and management of the disease o Examples:  Blood pressure screenings, breast self-exams, colonoscopy, lab test  Tertiary: rehabilitative and supportive care, attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning (Appropriate in the stage of advanced disease or disability) o Examples:  Rehabilitation, physical therapy, dietary restrictions, and changes Chapter 2: Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors messages.downloaded_by messages.pdf_cover_qr_code_label lOMoARcPSD|14174986

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