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NR546 Final Exam Guide | 2025/2026 Edition | Verified Psychopharmacology Q&A

HEAL100 Health Care — exam and revision material · Other

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Health Care exam material, 7 pages. Originally published on StudyMerit.

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7
Academic year
2025/2026
Language
English

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NR546 Final Exam Study Guide for Nursing Students also studied Save NR509 Bates Test Bank - Midterm 251 terms michelleloftus Preview NR509 advanced physical assessme ... Teacher 108 terms otienoedgar024 Preview Midterm review NR509 Teacher 86 terms Gabriankamau2 Preview NR 509 240 term gho What is the monoamine hypothesis of depression? It theorizes that depression is caused by a deficiency in monoamine neurotransmission, while mania is due to an excess. What is a key prescribing consideration for antidepressants in bipolar disorder? Antidepressants should not be given as monotherapy; they must be combined with a mood stabilizer to avoid inducing mania. What should be monitored when prescribing SNRIs to breastfeeding patients? Infant irritability. What factors should be considered when prescribing antidepressants? Client preference, prior treatment response, anticipated adverse effects, comorbidities, half-life, interactions, and cost. What should be done if the initial antidepressant does not work? First, increase the dose; if that fails, switch to a different drug in the same class, then try a drug in a different class, and possibly add a second medication. What is the recommended dose adjustment for older patients taking citalopram and escitalopram? They should receive half the usual dose. Which SSRI has the least CYP interactions? Escitalopram (Lexapro). Which SSRI is considered good for forgetful patients? Fluoxetine, due to its 2-3 day half-life. What is the longest-acting antidepressant? Fluoxetine, with a half-life of 1-2 weeks. What is discontinuation syndrome and which medication is more likely to cause it? Discontinuation syndrome occurs when stopping an antidepressant, and paroxetine is more likely to cause it. Which antidepressant is safe during nursing and pregnancy? Sertraline.

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What is serotonin syndrome? A condition that occurs when two serotonergic drugs are used together, leading to symptoms such as mental status changes, autonomic instability, neuromuscular symptoms, seizures, and gastrointestinal symptoms. What is the treatment for serotonin syndrome? Stop the medication, provide supportive care, and use benzodiazepines. What is the black box warning for MAOIs? They carry a warning for suicidal ideation in children, adolescents, and young adults. What is the half-life of MAOIs? 2-4 hours. What is the black box warning for SSRIs? They carry a warning for suicidal tendencies. What are MAOIs and what do they inhibit? MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) are antidepressants that inhibit the enzyme that deactivates dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. What can happen if MAOIs are taken with tyramine- containing foods? They can cause a hypertensive crisis. What can increase lithium levels? Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. What can decrease lithium levels? Caffeine and mania. What is the role of L-Methylfolate in depression treatment? It is necessary for the synthesis of monoamines and is a bioavailable form of folate that enters the brain. What are the recommendations for using paroxetine during pregnancy? Paroxetine is contraindicated due to the risk of congenital defects, including atrial septal defects. What should be monitored when SNRIs are prescribed to breastfeeding mothers? Infant irritability. How do older adults respond to antidepressants compared to younger individuals? Older adults may not respond as robustly, especially if the first episode of depression occurs after age 65. What is the recommended dosing for citalopram and escitalopram in older adults? They should be dosed at half the normal dose due to the risk of QTc prolongation. What does the 2019 American Geriatric Society (AGS) Beers Criteria recommend regarding paroxetine? Avoid paroxetine in clients with a history of falls/fractures. What is the risk associated with antidepressants in children and young adults? Antidepressants increase the risk of death by suicide in children and adults younger than 25. What counseling should be provided to women of childbearing age regarding medications? Pre-conception and contraceptive counseling, discussing the risk-benefit ratio and selecting medications not contraindicated in pregnancy. How should Lurasidone (Latuda) be taken for maximum absorption? It should be taken with food, at least 350 calories.

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What is the starting dose adjustment for lithium carbonate in clients with renal impairment? The starting dose is reduced by at least 50%. What medications are contraindicated during pregnancy due to teratogenic effects? Lithium, valproic acid, and carbamazepine. What is noted about Lurasidone's use in pregnancy? Lurasidone has been used in pregnancy without teratogenic effects. What medications should be avoided while breastfeeding? Carbamazepine, lithium, and lamotrigine. What does the 2019 AGS Beers Criteria recommend regarding carbamazepine? Avoid carbamazepine as it may cause syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). What risks are associated with antipsychotic medications in older adults? They may increase the risk of falls, stroke, cognitive decline, and death in dementia clients. What should be avoided in clients taking ACE inhibitors or loop diuretics? Lithium. What medications are approved for children aged 10 and older for bipolar depression and mania? Lurasidone, aripiprazole, quetiapine, asenapine, and risperidone. Which medication is approved for children aged 13 and older for acute and mixed mania? Olanzapine. Which two drugs are frequently found as impurities in street opioids and are highly potent? Fentanyl and carfentanyl. How should naloxone be administered in cases of opioid overdose? A series of small doses is preferred over one large dose to reduce withdrawal symptoms. What are the acute withdrawal symptoms of opioids and their onset after injection? Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, runny nose, sweating, tremor, irritability, and muscle spasms, presenting within 3 minutes, peaking in 10-20 minutes, and subsiding in about an hour. What is the acceptable treatment for pregnant clients with opioid dependence? Buprenorphine, but it carries a risk of neonatal withdrawal syndrome. Which medication cannot be used during pregnancy due to the risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome? Suboxone (buprenorphine/naloxone). What is the approved treatment for heroin-addicted women during pregnancy? Methadone, with dosing adjustments required. What risks are associated with buprenorphine use in older adults? Confusion and drowsiness. What are the potential risks of methadone use in older adults? High potential for drug interactions and QT prolongation, difficulty in titration, and risk for accumulation due to long half-life.

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