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Nr 601 midterm exam

HEAL100 Health Care — exam and revision material · Other

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Health Care exam material, 39 pages. Originally published on StudyMerit.

Pages
39
Academic year
2025/2026
Language
English

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1. The NP is analyzing a patient’s symptoms for a possible asthma diagnosis. The patient describes nocturnal symptoms alone. Before confirming an asthma diagnosis, what other diagnoses should the NP consider based on the patient’s nocturnal symptoms alone: A. Postnasal drip and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) B. Pulmonary embolism and lung cancer C. Pneumothorax and tuberculosis D. Acute bronchitis and pneumonia Correct Answer : A. Postnasal drip and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Rationale: Nocturnal cough or breathing symptoms may occur with asthma, but postnasal drip and GERD are common alternative causes that should be considered before confirming asthma. 2. Which of the following tools is MOST effective in uncovering geriatric syndromes that may go unrecognized: A. Chest x-ray B. Structured geriatric review of systems C. Lipid panel only D. Spirometry only Correct Answer: B. Structured geriatric review of systems Rationale: A structured geriatric review of systems helps identify falls, frailty, cognitive changes, incontinence, polypharmacy, functional decline, and other syndromes that may not be volunteered by older adults. 3. A patient describes chest discomfort that occurs with activity and resolves with rest. What is the PRIORITY differential diagnosis based on this presentation: A. Stable angina B. Costochondritis

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C. GERD only D. Panic disorder Correct Answer: A. Stable angina Rationale: Chest discomfort triggered by exertion and relieved by rest is classic for stable angina caused by myocardial oxygen demand exceeding supply. 4. A 78-year-old man with a history of hypertension is found to have left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiogram. Why is this finding clinically significant: A. It increases the risk of stroke, heart failure, and sudden death B. It confirms pneumonia C. It rules out cardiovascular disease D. It is always a benign aging change Correct Answer: A. It increases the risk of stroke, heart failure, and sudden death Rationale: Long-standing hypertension can cause left ventricular hypertrophy, which increases myocardial workload and is associated with higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. 5. During a physical exam, the NP suspects right-sided heart failure in a 78-year-old patient with fatigue and bilateral lower extremity swelling. Which of the following findings MOST strongly supports this suspicion: A. Elevated jugular venous pressure B. Dry mucous membranes C. Hyperactive bowel sounds D. Unilateral wheezing

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