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NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology: Fundamentals Final Examplify Online Proctored

HEAL100 Health Care — exam and revision material · Other

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Health Care exam material, 14 pages. Originally published on StudyMerit.

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14
Academic year
2025/2026
Language
English

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NR565 – Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Exam Study Guide – Final Exam Exam Format: Non-Cumulative Exam Question Type: Multiple Choice Number of Questions : 100 Time Allotted: 120 minutes (1.2 minutes per question) Testing Timeframe: The final exam will be available starting on Wednesday Week 8 at 12:01 am MT until Saturday Week 8 at 11:59 pm MT. 1. Exam Coverage Content Areas:  Week 5: Pharmacotherapy for Endocrine Disorders  Week 6: Pharmacotherapy for Respiratory Conditions  Week 7: Pharmacotherapy for Gastrointestinal Conditions  Week 8: Complementary and Alternative Therapies 2. Key Concepts to Study Week 5: Pharmacotherapy for Endocrine Disorders, Chapters 48-49 Radioactive iodine adverse effects - short-term effects like neck tenderness, dry mouth, swollen salivary glands, nausea, and temporary taste changes, managed with fluids, gum, or candy. Long-term risks are low but can include permanent dry mouth, dental issues, and a slightly increased risk of other cancers (like leukemia) or fertility changes (temporary in women). - radioactive iodine therapy, which destroys overactive thyroid cells, effectively reducing hormone levels. Radioactive iodine therapy is recommended for female clients planning to become pregnant, thyroid surgeons or more after radiation therapy, clients with comorbidities Downloaded by Aisyln Vaughn (samuelkingstone40@gmail.com) Scan to open on Studocu lOMoARcPSD|14174986

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that increase their health risks in surgery, clients with contraindications to antithyroid medications, or clients with a lack of access to a thyroid surgeon. Methimazole indication and MOA Methimazole is specifically designed to treat hyperthyroidism by inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis. It is a first-line drug for treating hyperthyroidism. Methimazole blocks the enzyme thyroid peroxidase, which is involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones T3 and T4, effectively reducing their levels in the body. It does not impact existing thyroid hormone stores, meaning it takes 3 to 12 weeks to have a meaningful effect on thyroid hormone levels. Hyperthyroidism treatment considerations Managing hyperthyroidism with medication requires careful consideration of the client's specific circumstances and preferences. Monitoring medication therapy, including regular liver function tests and white blood cell counts, is crucial to detecting adverse effects early. The management strategy is tailored to achieve optimal control of thyroid hormone levels while minimizing side effects and considering the client's overall health and treatment goals. Grave’s Disease management Goals of Treatment: Normalize thyroid hormone levels, Control symptoms (fast heart rate, tremor, anxiety), Prevent complications (heart rhythm problems, bone loss, eye disease) Levothyroxine education, population considerations, monitoring, drug interactions, dosing, adjustments The primary function of levothyroxine is to provide synthetic thyroxine (T4), which is converted into triiodothyronine (T3), the active form of thyroid hormone, within the body for clients with hypothyroidism. The absorption of levothyroxine is decreased by concurrent intake of food, calcium, magnesium, and iron supplements, as well as other medications such as antacids and proton pump inhibitors. To reduce the risk of decreased absorption, levothyroxine should be administered on an empty stomach and separated from these drugs by 4 hours. Levothyroxine can interact with [warfarin], insulin, digoxin, and catecholamines, heightening the possibility of arrhythmias. Downloaded by Aisyln Vaughn (samuelkingstone40@gmail.com) Scan to open on Studocu lOMoARcPSD|14174986

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Monitor TSH levels 6 to 8 weeks after starting treatment to determine if euthyroid state has been achieved with medication therapy (TSH should decrease to normal levels). Advise clients that treatment is lifelong and teach them that levothyroxine should be taken on an empty stomach, ideally 30 to 60 minutes before breakfast, to enhance absorption. Levothyroxine dosage is adjusted for age and weight, decreasing as the child grows. Start with a lower dose of levothyroxine due to the potential for underlying cardiac conditions. The dose is gradually increased to avoid adverse cardiovascular effects. Monitoring bone density is important because of the risk of accelerated bone loss. Pioglitazone contraindications Thiazolidinediones (Pioglitazone) can cause or worsen heart failure due to fluid retention, even in patients without prior heart disease. FDA placed restrictions on thiazolidinediones due to evidence linking their use to MI and sudden cardiac death. Contraindicated in clients with severe heart failure and contraindicated for clients with a history of bladder cancer. Gemfibrozil drug interactions Gemfibrozil blocks statin metabolism, causing dangerously high statin levels. Combinations should generally be avoided: Statins (cholesterol-lowering drugs). Examples: Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Lovastatin Risk: Severe muscle injury (myopathy, rhabdomyolysis) Insulin detemir dosing, duration, and indications Insulin detemir (Levemir) is a long-acting basal insulin used to improve glycemic control. Onset: 1-2 hours, Peak: 6-8 hours, Duration: Up to 24 hours, dosing Titration: Type 1 Diabetes: 0.5-0.6 units/kg/day Type 2 Diabetes: 0.2-0.6 units/kg/day Insulin adjustments Calculate the Total Daily Insulin Requirement (TDIR): Clients with type 1 diabetes often need a combination of basal (long-acting) and bolus (rapid- acting) insulins to mimic the body's normal insulin release patterns. In contrast, clients with type 2 diabetes may have varying insulin requirements based on the progression of their condition and their body's insulin resistance level Downloaded by Aisyln Vaughn (samuelkingstone40@gmail.com) Scan to open on Studocu lOMoARcPSD|14174986

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