NR507 NR 507 · Chamberlain University
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Health Care exam material, 11 pages. Originally published on StudyMerit.
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LAT EST 2025 NR 507 MIDTERM EXAM : ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY RATED A+ 1. What is the final stage of the infectious process? ANS: Colonization Invasion Multiplication Spread From the perspective of the microorganisms that cause disease, the infectious Explanation: process undergoes four separate stages of progression: (1) colonization, (2) invasion, (3) multiplication, an d (4) spread. Question 2 . Where in the respiratory tract do the majority of foreign objects aspirated by children finally lodge? ANS: Trachea Left lung Bronchus Bronchioles Approximately 75% of aspirated foreign bodies lodge in a bronchus. The other Explanation: options are not locations where children aspirate the majority of foreign objects. Downloaded by Clement Sam (samuelkaruiki40@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|6879242
Question 3 . What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn? ANS: Immature immune system Small alveoli Surfactant deficiency Anemia RDS is primarily caused by surfactant deficiency and secondarily by a Explanation: deficiency in alveolar surface area for gas exchange. None of the other options are related to the cause of RDS. Question 4 . Which statement concerning benign tumors is true ? ANS: The resulting pain is severe. Benign tumors are not encapsulated. Benign tumors are fast growing. The cells are well - differentiated. A benign tumor is well - differentiated with its tissue appearing similar to the Explanation: tissue from which it arose. The other options are characteristic of a malignant tumor. Question 5 . Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells? ANS: Lying on their left side Performing the Valsalva maneuver Squatting Hyperventilating Downloaded by Clement Sam (samuelkaruiki40@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|6879242
Squatting is a spontaneous compensatory mechanism used by older children to Explanation: alleviate hypoxic spells. Squatting and its variants increase systemic resistance while decreasing venous return to the heart from the inferior vena cava. The other options would not result in these changes. Question 6 . Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin - releasing hormone (CRH)? ANS: IL – 1 and IL - 6 IL - 2 and TNF - IFN and IL - 12 TNF - ß and IL - 4 Explanation: Although a number of stress factors initiate the production of CRH, of the options available, only high levels of IL - 1 and IL - 6 initiate such a response. Question 7 . Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother: ANS: Is Rh - positive and the fetus is Rh - negative Is Rh - negative and the fetus is Rh - positive Has type A blood and the fetus has type O Has type AB blood and the fetus has type B HDN can occur only if antigens on fetal erythrocytes differ from antigens on Explanation: maternal erythrocytes. Maternal - fetal incompatibility exists only if the mother and fetus differ in ABO blood type or if the fetus is Rh - positive and the mother is Rh - negative. This erythrocyte incompatibility does not exist in any of the other options. Question 8 . Decreased lung compliance means that the lungs are demonstrating which characteristic? Student Downloaded by Clement Sam (samuelkaruiki40@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|6879242
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