Skip to content
CramShare
FreePractice exam

N212 Pathophysiology Exam 3 (Eastwick College) Newest 2026 | N212 Pathophysiology Exam

HEAL100 Health Care — exam and revision material · Other

Updated today

Health Care exam material, 13 pages. Originally published on StudyMerit.

Pages
13
Academic year
2025/2026
Language
English

What’s included

Preview 3 of 13 pages

See the first 3 pages exactly as they appear in the document.

Read page 1 as text

N212 - Pathophysiology Test 3 Study Guide Hypertension • Pathophysiology • Medications/ MOA/Side effects Pathophysiology (WHY it happens) • Chronic increased systemic vascular resistance • Caused by RAAS activation , sympathetic stimulation, endothelial dysfunction • Heart pumps against higher pressure → LV hypertrophy → HF Medications (MOA + Side Effects) • ACE inhibitors ( - pril) : ↓ Angiotensin II → vasodilation . • Ex - Lisinopril, Enalapril ▪ SE: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema ; HOLD IF PREGNANT • ARBs ( - sartan) : block Ang II receptors ; Ex: Losartan, Valsartan ▪ SE: hyperkalemia , hypotension • Beta - blockers ( - lol) : (ALWAYS CHECK HR before giving) ↓ HR & CO , cardiac workload ; Ex: Metoprolol, Atenolol ▪ SE: bradycardia, fatigue ; • Calcium channel blockers : relax vessels ; Ex: Amlodipine, Diltiazem ▪ SE: edema, constipation • WATCH B.P. • Diuretics : ↓ volume Ex: HCTZ, Furosemide ▪ SE: electrolyte imbalance ATI PRIORITY : Prevent end - organ damage (brain, kidneys, heart) ; Stroke Risk factors : HTN (BIGGEST) , Diabetes , A - fib , Smoking , Hyperlipidemia Management & Priorities • ABCs first • CT scan BEFORE anticoagulants • Maintain BP (don’t drop too fast) • NPO until swallow study Treatment Ischemic: tPA within 3 – 4.5 hrs Hemorrhagic: BP control, no tPA messages.downloaded_by lOMoARcPSD|14174986

Read page 2 as text

Medication Purpose ATI PRIORITY tPA Dissolves clot Only after CT confirms ischemic Aspirin Prevents platelet aggregation Give after bleed ruled out Antihypertensives Control BP Do NOT drop BP too fast MI Key Medications MONA (Morphine, O₂, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin) Beta - blockers Anticoagulants (heparin) Labs Troponin ↑ (most specific) CK - MB ↑ BNP ↑ (if HF) Drug Why Given ATI PEARL Aspirin Prevents clot growth Give ASAP Nitroglycerin Vasodilation, ↓ preload Check BP Morphine Pain & ↓ preload Watch respirations Beta - blockers ↓ HR, ↓ O₂ demand Avoid if bradycardic Heparin Prevents clot extension Monitor aPTT Heart failure Assessment (LEFT vs RIGHT) • Left - sided : pulmonary congestion, crackles, SOB • Right - sided : peripheral edema, JVD, ascites Management : Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, Daily weights, Fluid & Na restriction ATI PRIORITY: Oxygenation & fluid balance Drug Class Examples Purpose ATI PEARL Diuretics Furosemide ↓ Fluid overload Daily weights ACE - I Lisinopril ↓ Afterload Protect kidneys Beta - blockers Carvedilol ↓ HR Start low Digoxin ↑ Contractility Check pulse & K⁺ messages.downloaded_by lOMoARcPSD|14174986

Read page 3 as text

DIC Pathophysiology • Uncontrolled clotting → depletion of platelets & factors → bleeding Labs • ↓ Platelets • ↑ PT/INR, aPTT • ↑ D - dimer • ↓ fibrinogen Management • Treat cause (sepsis, trauma) • Blood products • Bleeding precautions ATI PRIORITY - Control bleeding & perfusion Diabetes 1 & 2 Etiology / Pathophysiology Type 1: autoimmune → no insulin Type 2 : insulin resistance + ↓ insulin production Risk Factors (Type 2): Obesity, Sedentary lifestyle, Family history Symptoms: 3 P’s : polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia Hypoglycemia vs Hyperglycemia • Hypo : sweaty, shaky, tachycardia • Hyper : dry skin, fruity breath, polyuria Insulin Resistance : Cells don’t respond → glucose stays in blood Complications : Neuropathy , Nephropathy , Retinopathy , Cardiovascular disease Insulin Types (VERY TESTED) Type Examples Onset Peak Duration Rapid Lispro 15 min 1 hr 4 hr Short Regular 30 – 60 min 2 – 4 hr 6 – 8 hr Intermediate NPH 2 – 4 hr 6 – 12 hr 18 hr Long Glargine 1 – 2 hr NONE 24 hr messages.downloaded_by lOMoARcPSD|14174986

That’s the free preview

You’ve read 3 of 13 pages. The whole document is yours with a free account, and it stays in your library.

Others on this course also opened

Free

With a free account