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MCPHS (Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences) Anatomy 110

HEAL100 Health Care — exam and revision material · Other

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Health Care exam material, 37 pages. Originally published on StudyMerit.

Pages
37
Academic year
2025/2026
Language
English

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11/11/23, 5:36 PM 100 Anatomy concepts about:blank 2/38 4. Upper li mb fractures: Humerus fractures Sites of potential injury to maj or nerves in fractures of the hum erus: 1. A xillary n erve and posterior humeral circum flex artery at the 2. Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery at . Midshaft fracture affect 3. Brachial artery and median nerve at the 4. Ulnar nerve at the Fracture of : l Transverse fractur e w ithin the of distal 2 cm the radius. Most frac ture of the common forearm (after 50). l results from a fall or a blow on the and produces a ventral angulation of the wrist. The distal f ragment of the radius is A NTERIORLY displaced. l results fr om , usually as a result of trying to ease a fall by outstretching the upper limb. Distal f ragment is displaced DORSALLY - “ dinner fork deformity ”. Often the process is ulnar styloid avulced (broken off) l Occurs as a result of a when the hand is abducted l , especially during wrist extension and abduction l Scaphoid frac ture may not show on X-ray films for 2 to 3 weeks, but a l The proximal fr agment may undergo because the blood s upply is interrupted. Boxer’s fracture l frequently are fractured during fistf ights. l Typically, l This deform ity results f rom the suddenly being forced into extrem e flexion ( ) when, for example, a baseball is m iscaught or a finger is jamm ed into the base pad. l These actions the attachment of the avulse to the base of the distal phalanx . As a result, the pers on cannot extend the DIP joint. The res ultant deform ity bears some resemblance to a m allet. 5. Rotator cuff muscles – SITS l Support the shoulder joint by form ing a musculotendinous rotator cuff around it l Reinforces joint on all sides except inferiorly , where dislocation is m ost likely Rotator cuff musc les are: TRIAL MODE − a valid license will remove this message. See the keywords property of this PDF for more information. Quadrangular Space: teres major, teres minor, long head biceps brachii, humerus deep Posterior between triceps brachii cubital fossa ulnar epicondylar groove posteriorly and medial to olecranon surgical neck midshaft igin of brachialis ig gin of br achiali b s muscle o er o ri ori supracondylar region medial epicondyle distal radius: Smith's fracture dorsal aspect of the flexed wrist Colles' fracture m forced extension of the hand, Scaphoid fracture a fall onto the palm Pain occurs primarily on the lateral side of the wrist, deep tenderness will be present in the anatomical snuffbox. avascular necrosis Extension & abduction of wrist proximal carpal fracture deep radial artery could be compromised Necks of the metacarpal bones 2 d , f ractures of and 3 d metacarpals are s een in professional boxers, and 5 th fractures of and som etimes 4 th metacarpals are s een in unskilled fighters. Brawler's Fracture Boxer's Fracture Mallet or Baseball Finger DIP joint hyperflexion extensor tendon digitorum Forced Flexion of DIP S upraspinatus nfraspinatus T eres minor S ubscapularis Right hum erus Initiate Abduction, Suprasacular n Lat rotation, Suprascapcular n Lat rotation, Axillary n Med. rotation, Upper & Lower Subscapular ns

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11/11/23, 5:36 PM 100 Anatomy concepts about:blank 3/38 6. l ) Abduction of the upper extremity is initiated by the l Further abduction to the horizontal position is a function of the l Raising the extremity above the horizontal position r equires scapular rotation by action of the . l Subacromial bursitis (inflam mation of the subacromial bursa) is often due to . l The same symptoms will be in case of of the supraspinatus tendon (MRI !torn! tendon ) 7. Three Elbows: ( ) l s distally, is eas ily palpated. It is separated f rom the skin by only the which allow the m obility of the overly ing sk in. l may cause this , producing a friction subcutaneous o lecranon bursitis. ) l Lateral epicondylitis: repeated . . Pain often felt when opening a door or lifting a glass l Origins of following m uscles m ay be affected: l of the wrist where it originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. l Origins of following m uscles may be affected: 8. A rterial anastomoses around the scapula l can be bypassed by : l Transverse cervical l Suprascapular l Subscapular l Circumflex scapular TRIAL MODE − a valid license will remove this message. See the keywords property of this PDF for more information. supraspinatus muscle suprascapular nerve). (0°-15°) (15°-110º) deltoid muscle axillary nerve). (110°-180°) trapezius accessory nerve CNXI) and serratus anterior long thoracic nerve). Abduction of the upper limb Subacromial bursitis & Tearing of supraspinatus tendon calcific supraspinatus tendinit is , causing a painful arc of abduction inflamm ation or trauma Supraspinatus tendon is most commonly ruptured. Student's elbow (Subcutaneous olecranon bursitis) The olecranon to which the triceps tendon attaches olecranon bursa , Repeated excessive press ure and friction bursa to become inflamed, Tennis elbow (Lateral epicondylitis) forceful flexion and extension of the wrist resulting strain attachm ent of common extensor tendon and inflamm ation of periosteum of lateral epicondyle. Pain felt over lateral epicondyle and radiates down posterior aspect of forear m. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus & Brevis Extensor Digitorum 2. Extensor Digiti Minimi 3 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris 4. 1. Golfer’s elbow (Medial epicondylitis) Medial epicondylitis is inflamm ation of the common flexor tendon Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis 2. Palmaris Longus 3. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris 4. 1 Extends and abducts the hand Extends and adducts the hand Extends fingers and wrist Radial n Pronates forearm Flexes and abducts wrist flexes wrist flexes and adducts Wrist Ulnar n (Median n) Blockage of the Subclavian or A xillary artery anastomoses between branches of the Thyrocervical and Subscapular a arteries: off subscapular off thyrocervical trunk Suprascapular a above the Transverse Superior Scapular Ligament anastamoses with the Circumflex Scapular a from the triangular space (Teres major/minor and long head biceps brachii)

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11/11/23, 5:36 PM 100 Anatomy concepts about:blank 4/38 9. l Contents from lateral to medial: l Subcutaneos structures from lateral to medial: l Sites of is usually because: l Overlies bicipital aponeurosis, so deep structures protected l Not accompanied by nerves 10. l Results from a l esion that (fluid retention, infection, dislocation of lunate bone ) l – m ost sensitive structure in the carpal tunnel and is the most affec ted l 11. Test of the proximal and distal l PIP – FDS l - FDP 12. Lesion of UL nerv es Upper Brachial Palsy l l Usually results fr om excessive str etching or tearing of the superior parts of the brachial plexus ( l May occur as from birth injury forceful pulling on infant's head during difficult delivery Upper Brachial Palsy ( ) · In all cases, p aralysis of the muscles of the shoulder and arm s upplied by · Combination lesions of axillar y , suprascapular and musculocutaneou s nerves with los s of the shoulder m m and anterior arm . · As result patient has “ ” hand : · loss of sensation in the lateral aspect of the upper limb Low er Brachial Palsy ( ) l Injury of lower roots and trunk l May occur when the stretching or tearing of the inferior parts of the brachial plexus ) l E.g., TRIAL MODE − a valid license will remove this message. See the keywords property of this PDF for more information. Cubital fossa Anterior Elbow joint MEDIAL LATERAL Biceps Brachii m (flex and supinate forearm) O: Longhead supraglenoid tubercle, Shorthead coracoid process) I: to Radial Tuberosity 1. Biceps brachii tendon 2. Brachial artery 3. Median nerve Cephalic vein 1. Median cubital vein : joins cephalic 2. and basilic veins Basilic vein 3 venipuncture median cubital vein Venous blood is darker/purpleish and flows passively Arterial blood is cherry red and has a pulse Carpal Tunnel Syndrome reduces the size of the carpal tunnel Median nerve Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Compression of ulnar epicondylar groove via tendon of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Ulnar n is compressed: Claw hand and weakened adduction of wrist Recurrent Median n to Thenar ms are affected Clinical manifestations : Pins and needles or anesthesia of the lateral 3.5 digits palm sensation is not affected because superficial palmar cutaneous branch passes superficial ly to carpal tunnel Apehand deformity - absent of OPPOSITION ULNAR TUNNEL SYNDROME: Compression at the wrist between pisiform and hook of hamate carpal bones causes hypoesthesia of medial 1.5 fingers and weakened instrinsic ms (Partial Claw hand bc flexors of forearm are unaffected) Proximal Interphalangeal joint Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Median n Distal Interphalangeal Joint DIPS- Flexor Digitorum Profundus Ulnar and Median ns DIP interphalangeal joints MCPs- Lumbricals Metacarpal phalangeal joint Injury of upper roots and trunk increase in the angle between the neck and the shoulder C5 and C6 roots or superior trunk ) Birth injury or Fall causes Superior Trunk Damage: Erb's Palsy (Erb-Duchenne palsy) C5 and C6 spinal nerves (roots) of the upper trunk. waiter’s tip adducted shoulder medially rotated arm extended elbow Wrist flexed Axillary C5-C6 Musculocutaenous C5-7 Median C6-T1 Inferior Trunk damage C8-T1 ( C8 and T1 roots or inferior trunk upper limb is suddenly pulled superiorly : grabbing support during falling from height or as a birth injury, or TOS – thoracic outlet syndrome Full hand paralysis (open extended hand), ulnar and median n damage, thumb is extended bc radial n still good

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