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Exam 1 Med Surg

HEAL100 Health Care — exam and revision material · Other

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Health Care study guide material, 20 pages. Originally published on StudyMerit.

Pages
20
Academic year
2025/2026
Language
English

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Exam 1 Med Surg Nursing Practice Health Promotional model by Pender Main goal is disease prevention: Primarily prevention - Nutritionist, PCP screenings, stop smoking, health pyramid, blood pressure checking - Health Policy Development of chronic disease - Smoking, alcohol, obesity contributes Wellness of caregivers - Self care, 10: Palliative and End-of-Life Care Early stages: - Cognitive changes: Confusion, lethargy - Lots of secretion and heavy breathing Distinguish the Purpose of Palliative Care and Hospice Care  Palliative Care : Focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life for patients with serious illnesses at any stage, including curative treatments. - Goal of pallative care is treatment and symptom management  Hospice Care : A form of palliative care for terminal patients with a prognosis of 6 months or less, where curative treatments are no longer pursued. - Hospice: Is not focused on treatment, just symptom management, can be in patient or at home Describe the Physical and Psychological Manifestations at the End of Life

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 Physical : Decreased intake, Cheyne-Stokes breathing, mottled skin: skin is cool to touch or blue skin, decreased urine output, altered consciousness, decreased BM, tachycardia and lethargic, delirium, ulcerations,  Psychological : Fear of pain, dyspnea, loneliness, and fear of the unknown. Discuss Ethical and Legal Issues Related to Palliative Care  Ethical : Autonomy, informed consent, withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders.  Legal : Advance directives, durable power of attorney for healthcare, living wills. Describe the Nursing Management of the Dying Patient  Symptom Management : Pain control (e.g., opioids)can cause respiratory depression, managing dyspnea, nausea, anxiety, lower lights, massage, oxygen,  Comfort Care : Skin care, oral hygiene, positioning to prevent pressure ulcers, providing a peaceful environment. - Don’t force feed, Supportive devices for fatigue, - Justice, Nonmalefiecence, Beneficence, Fidelity Interventions for The Death Rattle: Suctioning will increase secretions, DON’T SUCTION, Explore the Special Needs of Family Caregivers in Palliative Care  Emotional Support : Grief counseling, stress management.  Practical Support : Education on patient care, respite care services. Explain the Process of Grief and Bereavement at the End of Life  Grief : Emotional response to loss, can be anticipatory or post-loss.  Bereavement : The period of mourning after a death, including adjustment to life without the deceased. Discuss the Special Needs of the Nurse Who Cares for Dying Patients and Their Families

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 Self-Care : Coping mechanisms, support groups, debriefing sessions.  Professional Support : Access to counseling, managing compassion fatigue, burnout prevention. Examine Cultural and Spiritual Issues Related to Palliative Care  Cultural : Different beliefs about death, pain expression, decision- making practices.  Spiritual : Importance of religious practices, chaplain services, addressing spiritual distress. - Use Hope acronym . Ensure advance directive are in place for the patient - No code status for your patient, they could be DNI, or DNR, Don’t take reports look in your patients chart - DNRs must be written each admission, patient must be incompetent for it to go into effect - AD s are states regulated, Only the patient can change the AD, you can change it verbally, The nurse cant to change the AD themselves, Family members must be aware of the AD. - Use ethic committee for referrals Cancer Describe the Incidence, Survival, and Mortality Rates of Cancer in the United States  Incidence : Second leading cause of death in the U.S.; common cancers include breast, lung, prostate, colorectal.  Survival : 5-year survival rate varies by cancer type; early detection improves prognosis.  Mortality : Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate; disparities exist among different populations. Discuss the Processes Involved in the Biology of Cancer  Uncontrolled Cell Growth : Mutations in proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes.  Angiogenesis : Formation of new blood vessels to supply the tumor.  Metastasis : Spread of cancer cells to distant sites.

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