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CHEM120 Exam 3 Study Guide

HEAL100 Health Care — exam and revision material · Other

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Health Care exam material, 10 pages. Originally published on StudyMerit.

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10
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2025/2026
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CHEM120 Exam 3 Review Reduction/oxidation (Redox Chemistry) LEO the lion goes GER Oxidation: Loss of Electrons is Oxidation (LEO) Reduction: Gaining of Electrons is Reduction (GER) Are each of the following oxidized or reduced? Fe 2+ → Fe 0 Fe is reduced as the charge is becoming more negative (meaning that the Fe gained e - ) O 2- → O 0 O is being oxidized as the charge is becoming more positive (loosing e - ) Cu +1 → Cu 2+ Cu is being oxidized as the charge is becoming more positive (loosing e - ) Agents Oxidizing agent: Contains the species being reduced. Oxidizes another species in the reaction by accepting electrons (becoming reduced in the process). Reducing agent: Contains the species being oxidized. Reduces another species in the reaction by donating electrons (becoming oxidized in the process). What is the oxidizing agent in this redox reaction? Cu 2+ + Zn 0 → Cu 0 + Zn 2+ Answer: Cu 2+ is the oxidizing agent as this species accepted electrons from the Zn 0 , and in the processes, became reduced. In other words, the Cu 2+ oxidized the Zn 0 . What is the reducing agent in this redox reaction: V 4+ + Cu + → Cu +5 + V 0 Answer: Cu + is the reducing agent, as this species donated electrons to the V 4+ , and in the process, became oxidized. In other words, the Cu + reduced the V 4+ . Assigning Oxidation Numbers What are the oxidation numbers on: 2 H 2 + O 2 → 2 H 2 O Answer: 2 H 2 0 + O 2 0 → 2 H +1 2 O 2- What is the reducing agent for the equation above? Answer: H 2 is the reducing agent as this species reduced the O from 0 to -2. Downloaded by Studymerit Dotcom (samuelkaruiki40@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|6879242

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CHEM120 Exam 3 Review What is the oxidizing agent in the redox equation: V + O 2 → VO 2 Answer: V 0 + O 2 0 → V 4+ O 2 2- O 2 is the oxidizing agent because the O 2 accepted electrons from the V, causing the V to become oxidized. Organic Chemistry Organic compound: Based on and containing Carbon atoms. GOLDEN RULE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: CARBON MAKES 4 BONDS Hydrocarbon: Contains ONLY H and C atoms. Hydrocarbons include: Alk a nes: Contain only single C-C bonds. Alk e nes: Contain at least one C=C double bond. Alk y nes: Contains at least one C = C triple bond. Named by prefix + a ne, e ne, or y ne for Alk a nes, Alk e nes, and Alk y nes respectively. What are the names of the compounds below? CH 3 CH 3 - Ethane as 2 carbons and all are single bonded CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 - Heptane as 7 carbons and all are single bonded CH 3 CH 2 CHCH 2 - Could be shown as H 3 CH 2 CH=CH 2 (CARBON MAKES 4 BONDS). Butene since 4 carbons and we have a C=C double bond. CHCCH 3 - Propyne Functional Groups The name gives us a clue to how to name a compound of that functional group General pattern for naming: 1. Determine the functional group 2. Count the carbons in the chain (may be more than one chain) 3. Starting with the prefix for that many carbons (Eth for 2, etc.) apply the naming rules 4. Two major types of naming a. Base name (e.g. ethane) drop the e and add something b. Prefix + yl followed by name of functional group Examples of naming Downloaded by Studymerit Dotcom (samuelkaruiki40@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|6879242

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CHEM120 Exam 3 Review CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH Alcohol : Butan ol : 4 carbon chain so Butane -e + ol CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH Carboxylic acid : Hexan oic acid : 6 carbons in chain so Hexane -e + oic acid CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OC H 2 CH 2 CH 3 Ether : But yl prop yl ether :4 carbons on the left But+ yl , 3 carbons on the right prop+ yl , + ether CH 3 CH 2 OC H 2 CH 2 CH 3 Ether : Eth yl prop yl ether CH 3 COC H 2 CH 2 CH 3 Ether : Pentan one : 5 carbon chain so Pentane -e + one CH 3 CH 2 COOC H 2 CH 3 Ester : Eth yl propan oate . 2 carbons on right so Ethyl, 3 carbons on left so propane -e + oate CH 3 N H 2 Amine : Methyl amine. 1 carbon in chain Met yl + amine CH 3 CH 2 CHO Aldehyde : Propan al . 3 carbons so propane -e + al Also review applications of common organic molecules from EDapt More practice: Functional groups CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CHO Aldehyde Octan al CH 3 CH 2 COOH Carboxylic acid Propan oic acid CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 Amine But yl amine CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COC H 3 Ketone Heptan one CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OC H 3 Ether Hex yl meth yl ether CH 3 CH 2 C OO C H 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Ester But yl propan oate Energy Exothermic: Release of energy (from system to surroundings) Endothermic: Taking in of energy (from surroundings to system) Phase change from solid to liquid to gas is endothermic Phase change from gas to liquid to solid is exothermic Examples of exo and eno processes What would I classify each of the processes below as? I mix two chemicals together and they become warm: Exothermic (energy out) Alcohol burning: Exothermic (energy out) Downloaded by Studymerit Dotcom (samuelkaruiki40@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|6879242

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