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ATI RN Nutrition 2026 Actual and Retake Proctored Exam Package All Versions

HEAL100 Health Care — exam and revision material · Other

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Health Care exam material, 24 pages. Originally published on StudyMerit.

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24
Academic year
2025/2026
Language
English

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ATI Nutrition Chapter 1: Sources of Nutrition Carbohydrates ● Types: monosaccharides (fructose, glucose, galactose), disaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, fiber, glycogen) ● Dietary reference intake (DRI): 130 g/day minimum (45-65% of calories) ○ Median amount: 305 g/day for males >20 years old; 228 g/day for children & females >20 years old. Fiber : substance in plant foods that is indigestible ● Types: pectin, gum, cellulose, oligosaccharides ● Essential for proper bowel elimination- adds bulk to feces to stimulate peristalsis ● Lowers cholesterol levels & decreases risk of intestinal cancer ● Slows the rate of glucose absorption ● Adequate intake (AI): 25g/day (females) & 38g/day (males) Proteins ● Types: complete proteins (animal sources, soy) contain sufficient amounts of nine essential amino acids & incomplete (plant sources) ○ Complementary proteins: incomplete proteins that when combined provide a complete protein (black beans with rice) ● Metabolic functions : tissue-building & maintenance, balance of nitrogen & water, backup energy, support immune system, facilitating acid-base & electrolyte balance, & formation of neurotransmitters, enzymes, antibodies, hormones, breast milk, mucus, histamine, and sperm ● Factors that influence body’s requirement for protein ○ Tissue growth needs (wounds) ○ Quality of dietary protein ○ Added needs due to illness ● RDA: 0.8 g/kg for healthy adults ( 10-35% of total calories) Lipids (dark meats, poultry skin, dairy, added oils): concentrated form of energy storage ● Types: ○ Triglycerides: total of 95% of food ■ Saturated: solid at room temperature; animal sources (butter, lard) ■ Unsaturated: olives, canola oil, avocado, and peanuts (mono); corn, wheat germ, soybean, safflower, sunflower and fish (poly) ■ Essential fatty acids: omega-3 and omega-6 ○ Phospholipids (lecithin) ○ Sterols (cholesterol): found in animal tissues ● Functions : hormone production, structural material for cells, protective padding for organs, insulation, covering for nerve fibers, absorption of fat-soluble vitamins ● AMDR: 20-35% of total calories (< 10% should come from saturated fats) Vitamins Types: water soluble (C & B), fat soluble (A, D, E, K) ● Vitamin C (ascorbic acid): tissue building & metabolic reactions (healing, collagen formation, iron absorption, immune system function) ○ Sources : oranges, lemons, tomatoes, peppers, green leafy vegetables, strawberries ○ Factors that increase the need for vitamin c ■ Smoking ■ Stress Downloaded by Aisyln Vaughn (samuelkingstone40@gmail.com) Scan to open on Studocu lOMoARcPSD|14174986

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ATI Nutrition ■ Illness ○ Deficiency : scurvy (hemorrhagic disease) that presents itself through painful limbs/joints, weak bones, swollen gums, loose teeth B-complex ● Thiamin (B1): energy metabolism, promote appetite, muscle/nerve functioning ○ Sources : legumes, meat, animal tissues, & grains ○ Deficiency : beriberi (ataxia, confusion, anorexia, tachycardia), headache, weight loss, & fatigue ● Riboflavin (B2): releases energy from cells ○ Sources : milk, meats, & dark leafy vegetables ○ Deficiency : cheilosis (scales/cracks on lips and corners of mouth) smooth/swollen red tongue (glossitis), dermatitis of the ears, nose, and mouth ● Niacin (B3): aids in metabolism of fats, glucose, and alcohol, synthesis of steroids, cholesterol, and fatty acids. ○ Sources : meats, legumes, milk, whole grains, and enriched breads/cereals ○ Deficiency : pellagra (sun-sensitive skin lesions, impaired food digestion/excretion, nutrient absorption, anxiety, insomnia, confusion, & paranoia) ● Pyridoxine (B6): needed for cellular function and synthesis of hemoglobin, neurotransmitters, & niacin ○ Sources : meats, grains, legumes ○ Deficiency : macrocytic anemia (unusually large RBCs), CNS disturbances ○ Excess : sensory neuropathy ● Pantothenic acid (B5): metabolism of carbs, fats, & proteins ○ Sources : meats, whole grains, dried peas & beans ○ Deficiency : general body system failure ● Biotin: fatty acid synthesis, amino acid metabolism, glucose formation ○ Sources : eggs, milk, & dark green vegetables ○ Deficiency : scaly rash, hair loss, depression, fatigue ● Folate: synthesis of amino acids, hemoglobin, & fetal neural tube ○ Sources : liver, green leafy vegetables, legumes, orange juice ○ Deficiency : megaloblastic anemia (large RBCs with immature intracellular content), CNS disturbances, & fetal neural tube defects (spina bifida & encephalopathy) ● Cobalamin (B12): folate activation, RBC maturation ○ Sources : meat, shellfish, eggs, dairy ○ Deficiency : pernicious anemia (common in vegans) Fat-soluble Vitamins ● Vitamin A (retinol, beta-carotene): vision health, tissue strength, immune system function, embryonic development, ○ Sources : fatty fish, egg yolk, butter, cream, dark yellow/orange fruit & veggies (carrots, yams, apricots, squash, cantaloupe) ○ Deficiency : reduced night vision, dry/thick corneas, mucosa changes, hyperkeratosis (thickening of the skin) ○ Teratogenic ● Vitamin D: aid in absorption of calcium and phosphorus & bone mineralization ○ Sources : fatty fish, eggs, milk, orange juice ○ Deficiency : bone demineralization, rickets, osteomalacia ○ Excess : hypercalcemia Downloaded by Aisyln Vaughn (samuelkingstone40@gmail.com) Scan to open on Studocu lOMoARcPSD|14174986

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ATI Nutrition ● Vitamin E: helps preserve lung and RBC membranes ○ Sources : vegetable oils, grains, nuts, dark green vegetables ○ Deficiency : anemia, edema, skin lesions ● Vitamin K: blood clotting & bone maintenance ○ Sources : carrots, eggs, and dark green leafy veggies ○ Deficiency : increased bleeding Minerals & Electrolytes Name Major Action Major Source Deficiency Excess Nursing Actions Sodium Maintain fluid balance Allow muscle contractions Nerve impulses Table salt, added salts, processed foods Muscle cramps, memory loss, & anorexia Fluid retention, HTN, & disorientation Monitor LOC, edema, & BP Potassium Maintain fluid volume inside cells Muscle action Oranges, dried fruits, tomatoes, avocados, dried peas, meats, broccoli, bananas, dairy, whole grains, potatoes Dysrhythmia, muscle cramps, & confusion Dysrhythmia, muscle weakness, irritability, confusion, numbness Monitor cardiac status (ECG), administer oral preparations with meals to minimize GI effects Chloride Assist with fluid balance Aids acid-base balance & digestion Table salt, added salts, processed foods (Rare) Muscle cramps, anorexia Vomiting Monitor Na levels Calcium Bones/teeth formation BP, Blood clotting, Nerve transmission Dairy, broccoli, kale, & fortified grains Tetany, (+) Chvostek's & Trousseau's sign, ECG changes, osteoporosis, poor growth in children Constipation, renal stones, lethargy, depressed DTRs Monitor ECG & respiratory status, administer PO tabs w/ Vitamin D Magnesium Bone formation Catalyst Nerve/muscle function Smooth muscle relaxation Green leafy vegetables, nuts, whole grains, tuna, halibut, chocolate Weakness, dysrhythmia, convulsions, inc. BP, anorexia Diarrhea, nausea, muscle weakness, hypotension, bradycardia, lethargy Follow seizure precautions and monitor LOC & vital signs Phosphorus Energy transfer of RNA/DNA Dairy, peas, meat, eggs, legumes Unknown Decreased Ca levels Evaluate use of antacids & Downloaded by Aisyln Vaughn (samuelkingstone40@gmail.com) Scan to open on Studocu lOMoARcPSD|14174986

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