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Anatomy & Physiology Exam 2

HEAL100 Health Care — exam and revision material · Other

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Health Care exam material, 19 pages. Originally published on StudyMerit.

Pages
19
Academic year
2025/2026
Language
English

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Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 2 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8w0ej 1 . Functions of the Integumen- tary System - Resistance to trauma and infection -Prevents loss or gain of water -Vitamin D synthesis -Sensory receptors for heat, cold, touch, texture, pres- sure, vibration, and tissue injury -Thermoregulation 2 . How does skin resist trauma and infection? - Skin has low pH to reduce bacteria and fungi -Cells are packed closely together with tough protein called keratin 3 . Name 3 ways the integumen- tary system ther- moregulates? - Glands release sweat for evaporative cooling - Vasoconstriction - Vasodilation 4 . Define: Vasocon- striction narrowing of blood vessels, reduces heat loss 5 . Define: Vasodila- tion widening of blood vessels, increases heat loss 6 . What are the 2 main parts of the integumen- tary system? Epidermis- outer layer Dermis- underlying connective tissue *Hypodermis not really part of the skin!* 7 . What does the epidermis pri- marily consist of? keratinized stratified squamous epithelium 8 . What are the epidermal deriv- atives? glands, hair, nails 9 . What are the 4 main cell types in the epidermis? - Karatinocytes - Melanocytes - Tactile (Merkel) cells - Dendritic (Langerhans) cells 1 / 19

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Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 2 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8w0ej 10 . Keratinocytes (functions) most numerous cell type, make fibrous protein keratin 11 . Melanocytes (functions) synthesize pigment called melanin 12 . Tactile cells (functions and 2nd name) also called Merkel cells, receptors for the sense of touch, associated with a dermal nerve fiber 13 . Dendritic cells (functions and 2nd name) macrophages (big phagocytic cells) that kill microbes 14 . What are the lay- ers of the epi- dermis (list from bottom up)? - Stratum basale - Stratum spinosum - Stratum granulosum - Stratum lucidum - Stratum corneum 15 . What layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin? Straum lucidum 16 . How many layers are found in the stratum basale? 1 layer 17 . What cells are found in the stra- tum basale? stem cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile (merkel) cells 18 . What is the im- portance of the stem cells in the stratum basale? makes it mitotically active, the stem cells divide and give rise to keratinocytes 19 . 8-10 layers 2 / 19

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Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 2 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8w0ej How many layers are in the stra- tum spinosum? 20 . What is the ap- pearance of the cells in the stra- tum spinosum, and why? The cells are flattened, which happens as they are pushed upward 21 . What is con- tained in the stra- tum spinosum? Keratinocytes, dendridic (langerhans) cells 22 . In which epi- dermis layers do keratinocytes produce water- proofing sub- stances? Stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum 23 . What are the wa- terproofing sub- stances pro- duced by the ker- atinocytes? keratin, lipids 24 . How many lay- ers are in the stratum granulo- sum? 3-5 layers 25 . In what layer do the nuclei and organelles begin to degen- erate in the ker- atinocytes? stratum granulosum 26 . 3 / 19

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