Skip to content
CramShare
FreePractice exam

Anatomy and Physiology 101 Midterm Exam Ivy Tech.pdf

HEAL100 Health Care — exam and revision material · Other

Updated today

Health Care exam material, 12 pages. Originally published on StudyMerit.

Pages
12
Academic year
2025/2026
Language
English

What’s included

Preview 3 of 12 pages

See the first 3 pages exactly as they appear in the document.

Read page 1 as text

APHY 101 MIDTERM REVIEW QUESTIONS Chapter 1- Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology 1. What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? a. Anatomy is the study of structure and physiology is the study of function 2. What are the levels of organization and define each. a. Organelle: functional part of a cell (mitochondrion, lysosome) b. Cell: basic unit of structure and functions (muscle, nerve, or blood cell) c. Tissue: layer or mass of cells with specific function (adipose tissue) d. Organ: group of different tissues with a function (heart, kidney, stomach) e. Organ System: group of organs with common function (digestive system) f. Organism: composed of organ systems interacting (human) 3. What are the characteristics of life and define each. a. All of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life: b. Movement - Change in position of the body or of a body part; motion of an internal organ c. Digestion - Breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used d. Responsiveness - Reaction to a change inside or outside the body e. Absorption - Passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids f. Growth - Increase in body size without change in shape g. Circulation - Movement of substances in body fluids h. Reproduction - Production of new organisms and new cells i. Assimilation - Changing of absorbed substances into different chemical forms j. Respiration - Obtaining oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, and releasing energy from foods (some forms of life do not use oxygen in respiration) k. Excretion-Removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions 4. What are the requirements of life? Why is each important? a. Water: most abundant substance in body, environment for metabolic processes, required for transport of substances, regulation of body temperature b. Food: provides necessary nutrients, supplies energy, supplies raw materials for building living tissue. c. Oxygen: one-fifth of air, used to release energy from nutrients d. Heat: form of energy in our environment helps maintain body temperature, partly controls rate of metabolic reactions e. Pressure: application of force on an object, atmospheric pressure is important for breathing, hydrostatic pressure keeps blood flowing Downloaded by clement karuiki (clement9253@gmail.com) Scan to open on Studocu lOMoARcPSD|12950611

Read page 2 as text

5. Define homeostasis. a. Maintaining a stable internal environment 6. What is a homeostatic mechanism? a. Self-regulating systems that monitor aspects of the internal environment and correct them as needed. There are 3 parts: i. Receptor: detects and provides information about the stimuli ii. Control center: decision maker that maintains the set point iii. Effector: muscle or gland that responds to the control center, and caused the necessary change in the internal environment. Chapter 2 – Chemical Basis of Life 1. Define matter, element and atom. What is the basic unit of matter? a. Matter: anything that takes up space & composed of elements: solids, liquids, and gases are matter b. Elements: simplest types of matter with certain chemical properties. There are 98 naturally occurring elements c. Atoms: smallest particles of an element that have properties of that element 2. What is the structure of an atom? a. Composed of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, electrons, nucleus 3. Define nucleus, proton, neutron and electron. What charges do each of these particles have? a. Proton (+) carries a single positive charge b. Neutron (0) carries no electrical charge c. Electron (-) carries a single negative charge d. Nucleus: central part of atom, composed of protons and neutrons, electrons move around the nucleus 4. What are covalent, ionic and hydrogen bonds? What are the differences among the three? a. Covalent: strong chemical bonds, formed between atoms that share electrons b. Ionic: Formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom. The attraction between a cation and an anion forms a very strong bond between the ions c. Hydrogen: a weak attraction between slightly positive (H) end of one polar molecule and the slightly negative (N or O) end of another polar molecule, formed between adjacent water molecules, important for protein and nucleic acid structure 5. Define synthesis, decomposition and exchange reactions. a. Synthesis reaction: more complex chemical structure is formed A+B  AB b. Decomposition Reaction: chemical bonds are broken to form a simpler chemical structure AB  A + B c. Exchange Reaction: chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed AB + CD  AC BD Downloaded by clement karuiki (clement9253@gmail.com) Scan to open on Studocu lOMoARcPSD|12950611

Read page 3 as text

d. Reversible Reaction: the products can change back to the reactants A + B   AB 6. What is a reactant? a product? a. Reactants are the starting materials of a chemical reaction: the atoms, ions, or molecules b. Products are substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction 7. Define catalyst. a. Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction/ molecules that influence the rates of chemical reactions, but are not consumed in the process 8. What happens and what is produced when salts dissolve in water? a. The polarity of water dissociates the salts in the internal environment and Na+ Cl- ions are released 9. What is an acid? a base? a. Acids: electrolytes that dissociate to release hydrogen ions in water b. Base: substances that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions 10. What is the pH scale? What ions are involved in the pH scale? a. The pH scale is used to specify how acidic or basic a water-based solution is or indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution 11. What is the difference between an organic molecule and an inorganic molecule? a. 12. What is dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis? a. Dehydration synthesis: anabolic process that joins small molecules by releasing the equivalent of a water molecule b. Hydrolysis: Enzymatically adding parts of a water molecule to split a bond 13. What are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids? a. Carbs: organic compound consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio b. Lipids: Group of organic compounds that includes triglycerides(fats), phospholipids, and steroids c. Proteins: nitrogen containing organic compound composed of many bonded amino acid molecules d. Nucleic acids: a molecule that is composed of nucleotides; DNA or RNA 14. Explain the structure of a triglyceride, phospholipid and steroid molecule. What are the functions of each of these molecules? 15. What is an amino acid? a. Building blocks of proteins 16. What are enzymes? a. Proteins that speed up chemical reactions 17. What are the differences between DNA and RNA? a. DNA: Double stranded (sugar deoxyribonucleic acid) info instructs cell to synthesize certain proteins. (A-T-C-G) b. RNA: Single stranded, (sugar ribonucleic acid) copies and transfers info from DNA to cytoplasm. (A-U-C-G) Downloaded by clement karuiki (clement9253@gmail.com) Scan to open on Studocu lOMoARcPSD|12950611

That’s the free preview

You’ve read 3 of 12 pages. The whole document is yours with a free account, and it stays in your library.

Others on this course also opened

Free

With a free account