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Adult Health HESI Study Guide

HEAL100 Health Care — exam and revision material · Other

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Health Care exam material, 93 pages. Originally published on StudyMerit.

Pages
93
Academic year
2025/2026
Language
English

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Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Adult Health HESI Study Guide Go over: - Cancer - Neuro diseases - Kidneys - Arterial vs venous - Intra ocular pressure should be within 10-21 Fluid and Electrolytes Blood Administration  Preparation o Patient history o Complications o Type of blood and cross match  matters because of universal donor = TYPE O  universal recipients = TYPE AB+ (andy baldo can receive anything) o Consent (one per hospital stay)  TO TAKE A TYPE BLOOD SAMPLE AND CROSS MATCH YOU NEED: o TWO BLOOD SAMPLES TAKEN FIVE MINUTES APART o TWO RN SIGNATURES!!!!!  Types: o Packed Red Blood Cells  1 unit/2 hours … low hematocrit and hemoglobin or fluid loss o Platelets  15-30 minutes … low platelets o Fresh-Frozen Plasma  15-30 minutes … improve clotting and volume expansion o White Blood Cells  1 unit/1 hour … sepsis and neutropenia (when antibiotics do not work)  Blood lasts for 4 hours = initiate transfusion within 30 minutes = only 3.5 hours left!!!!!!!  2 RNs need to identify: ABO group, Rh type, donor number, expiration date, patient, and patient ID# BEFORE BLOOD TRANSFUSION!!!!!!!  Blood with NORMAL SALINE ONLY  NO MEDICATION DURING BLOOD  Monitoring Patient o Baseline Vital Signs (before transfusion begins  temperature most important) o 1 st set of vitals (15 minutes after administration) 1 Downloaded by samuel kamunyu (samuelkamunyu0@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|13445102 Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: Sweetstudy | gakii2017@yahoo.com Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year?

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Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material o Continuous every hour (usual 4 hours) o If blood begins at 800, then vitals are taken 800 (or 759), 815, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200  Complications o Reaction = STOP BLOOD o Call physician o Obtain vitals o Collect blood product, IV tubing  send to blood bank o Administer isotonic solution at a normal rate  5% dextrose  0.9% NaCl  Reaction Types o Transfusion Reaction: adverse reaction as a result of a blood transfusion o Hemolytic: o Allergic: o Febrile: fever o Septicemia: o Graft o Host Disease: o SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: restlessness, hives, anxiety, chills, flushing, fever, chest pain, lumbar pain, tachycardia, tachypnea, nausea, shock  Dispose of blood products in a contaminated waste RED bag Acid-Base Imbalances  Arterial Blood Gas provides: o pH  acidity vs. alkalinity based on H+ ions present  NORMAL: (acidosis) 7.35 - 7.45 (alkalosis) o pCO2  Amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in arterial (oxygenated) blood  NORMAL: (alkalosis) 35 – 45 (acidosis)  RESPIRATORY o HCO3  Amount of bicarbonate in the bloodstream  NORMAL: (acidosis) 22 – 26 (alkalosis)  METABOLIC o Pa02 (not important)  NORMAL: 80 - 100 mm Hg o Sa02 (not important) 2 Downloaded by samuel kamunyu (samuelkamunyu0@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|13445102 Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: Sweetstudy | gakii2017@yahoo.com Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year?

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Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material  NORMAL: 95% - 100%  Acid-Base Imbalances: based on metabolic problems, respiratory problems, or both  Acidosis: excess of hydrogen ions, increase in acids  Alkalosis: decreased amount of free hydrogen ions, increase in bases  RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS o DECREASE PH, INCREASE CO2 o Hypoventilation  take pulse ox and respiration rate  NEEDS OXYGEN  RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS o INCREASE PH, DECREASE CO2 o Hyperventilation  take pulse ox, dehydrated, respiration rate, restlessness  NEEDS OXYGEN (non-invasive before invasive) = non-rebreather mask, talk to them, therapeutic touch, get people out, turn temp down, turn lights of  METABOLIC ACIDOSIS o DECREASE PH, DECREASE HCO3 o Excessive vomiting  too much acid in the system  METABOLIC ALKALOSIS o INCREASE PH, INCREASE HCO3 o Gastric suctioning  difficult to give acid back so VERY dangerous  “ROME”  respiratory opposite, metabolic equal  Compensation: o Uncompensated  pH not normal + 1/2 not normal o Partially Compensated  pH normal + 2/2 not normal  OUTSIDE OF 7.35-7.45 RANGE  Change range to 7.4 o Fully Compensated  pH normal + 2/2 not normal  INSIDE OF 7.35-7.45 RANGE  Change range to 7.4 Cancer  Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body  Warnings: “CAUTION” o C: changes in bowel/bladder o A: a sore throat o U: unusual bleeding o T: thickening or lump in the body o I: indigestion or difficulty swallowing 3 Downloaded by samuel kamunyu (samuelkamunyu0@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|13445102 Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: Sweetstudy | gakii2017@yahoo.com Distribution of this document is illegal Want to earn $1.236 extra per year?

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