Understanding Human Sexuality, 6th Edition Test Bank

c2 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Which of the following is the concept sociobiologists use to describe “the process by which the individuals that are best adapted to their environment, survive, reproduce, and pass on their genes”? A. sexual strategies B. natural selection C. environmental physiology D. gender schemas 2. Sociobiologists believe that human sexual behaviours are primarily the result of A. observational learning B. personal experience C. evolution D. cultural influences 3. Which of the following supports the sociobiological theory of parental investment? A. Fathers spend an equal amount of money on their genetic children and their current stepchildren. B. Fathers spend more money on their genetic children than on stepchildren from past relationships. C. Fathers spend less money on their genetic children than on their current stepchildren. D. Fathers’ spending habits are entirely dictated by the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. 4. Which theoretical formulation has been criticized for an over-emphasis on reproduction? A. sociology B. sociobiology C. social learning theory D. script theory 5. Pair-bonding and attachment increase reproductive success. Which example illustrates these mechanisms? A. A mother and father are emotionally involved and share finances. B. A mother and her child have a loving relationship and the father provides finances. C. A mother and father are emotionally involved and both have a loving relationship with the child. D. A father and his child have a loving relationship and the mother provides stability. 6. Which of the following is a sexual strategy which would be considered an effective evolutionary psychological mechanism? A. A male choosing a fertile female who appears unhealthy. B. A male chooses a sexually available female for both short-term and long-term relationships. C. A male choosing a sexually available female for a short-term relationship, but avoiding such females for a long-term relationship. D. A female choosing a partner for the short-term relationship because of immediate resource availability but not considering the implication for the long term. 7. Some theorists suggest we may look at a partner’s physique and complexion to estimate their A. social status B. sexual experience C. genetic structure D. reproductive potential 8. According to sociobiology theory, homosexuality may be explained by which of the following? A. The lack of sexual reproduction between homosexuals gives them the evolutionary advantage of having more resources available to themselves. B. Homosexuality likely evolved to provide more care-giving individuals within a community. C. Homosexuality likely evolved as a fourth sexual selection strategy in communities with an over-representation of one gender. D. Because of its focus on reproduction, sociobiological theory cannot explain homosexuality. 9. A girl is impressed with her boyfriend’s ambition. She feels he will make a good husband and father. She accepts his proposal of marriage. This is an example of A. sexual selection B. natural selection C. cognitive selection D. social display 10. When a group of males at a party compete to catch the attention of one particularly beautiful and intelligent female, they are displaying a behaviour called A. gender schema B. latency C. sexual selection D. parental investment 11. A married man who refrains from flirting with a female in front of his wife is being guided by his A. id B. ego C. libido D. pleasure principle 12. A psychology student studies the “wedding ring” effect, the idea that people who are already in a committed relationship seem to be more attractive to opposite-sex singles. Using the ideas in sexual strategy, why might this be so? A. A person in a committed relationship must only want a sexual encounter, making them a good short-term partner and that is what both men and women desire. B. A person in a committed relationship must have the qualities of a good long-term partner and that is what both men and women desire. C. A man in a committed relationship would not be available, making him attractive to single women who generally desire a long-term partner only. D. A woman in a committed relationship would not be available, making her attractive to single men who generally desire a short-term partner only. 13. Professor Smith is studying the sexual behaviour of a heterosexual couple. She is interested in how the behaviour of this couple evolved and how it is similar to the behaviour she observed last week in the monkeys in her backyard. The concept expressed here is part of the A. sociobiological approach B. social learning approach C. mixed species approach D. conflict approach 14. Professor Smith is studying a heterosexual couple’s sexual behaviour. She is interested in how the psychological mechanisms they used in choosing each other were shaped by natural selection. What approach is she using? A. sociobiological B. evolutionary psychology C. psychoanalytic D. learning theory 15. Susie and John are on a date at the zoo. During their visit to the wild cat sanctuary, they come upon a male and female lion mating. While they are giggling at the cats’ public display, Susie notices that she is becoming aroused. John, on the other hand, is experiencing no arousal except for some discomfort with the lion’s ongoing encounter. How might some researchers interpret Susie and John’s responses as a demonstration of natural selection? A. Historically, men who have sex with felines do not reproduce; therefore, John is not sexually aroused by the sexual scene. B. Susie has likely experienced sexual arousal to animals having sex in her past and is now conditioned to respond to the sexual scene. C. Historically, finding humour in uncomfortable situations is a valuable trait to have in a mate; therefore, Susie is aroused by John. D. Historically, women who had automatic physiological responses to a wide range of stimuli were more likely to survive; therefore, Susie is aroused by the sexual scene. 16. What term did Freud use to describe the sex drive? A. evolution B. libido C. thanatos D. evolutionary imperative 17. Which component of the personality operates on the reality principle? A. the ego B. the id C. the superego D. Eros 18. According to Freud, identification with the same-gender parent occurs at the conclusion of the stage of psychosexual development called the A. anal stage B. oral stage C. genital stage D. phallic stage 19. Which of the following is a popular criticism of Sigmund Freud’s work? A. the idea that the unconscious cannot be studied scientifically B. the idea that there are stages of sexual development C. the “Inductor Theory of Primary Sexual Differentiation” D. his forward thinking in terms of male and female equity 20. Let’s say you are a person who is willing to have sex with anyone, anytime, anyplace. According to Freud, you have an overactive A. pituitary and hypothalamus B. id C. ego D. superego 21. A weakness of Freud’s theory of psychosocial development was his belief that not much happened sexually during the A. oral stage B. latency stage C. anal stage D. genital stage 22. One of the main criticisms of Freud is that A. he claimed children were sexual beings. B. his data came from disturbed patients. C. he suffered from acute depression himself. D. the sample on which he based his findings was too large. 23. Neuropsychoanalysis research has provided support for Freud’s theories by showing that A. the temporal lobe likely contains the ego. B. the unconscious can be accessed with electrical stimulation. C. parts of the limbic system are active during strange dreams. D. parts of the frontal lobe are active during strange dreams. 24. In Freudian terms, a child who steals a cookie from the jar and then feels guilty has a A. strong libido B. strong id C. weak superego D. strong superego 25. A woman who constantly smokes cigarettes and chews gum would be said to be fixated at the: A. phallic stage B. genital stage C. oral stage D. penis envy stage 26. At around two years old, parents typically potty train their children. In Freud’s view, this behaviour is an example of what stage of development? A. oral stage B. phallic stage C. genital stage D. anal stage 27. Which of the following is NOT a feminist critique of how Freud viewed women’s psychosocial development? A. Women are inferior because they do not have a penis. B. A vaginal orgasm is more mature than a clitoral orgasm. C. Women are the source of boys’ Oedipus complex. D. There are differences between vaginal and clitoral orgasms. 28. Which is NOT one of Freud’s important contributions to sexuality? A. making sex something the public could talk about. B. showing that sex was an appropriate topic for scientific research. C. showing that sex is a natural and inseparable part of human life. D. his identification of the latency period of childhood. 29. The theorists/researchers who believe that all or almost all of our adult sexual behaviour is determined by our childhood experiences use which of the following approaches? A. social learning B. sociobiology C. structural functional D. psychoanalytic 30. Freudian psychoanalysts believe development ___________ whereas modern psychoanalysts believe development _______________. A. ends in adolescence; is lifelong B. is lifelong; ends in adolescence C. is biological; is sociological D. depends on parents; depends on genetics 31. Food is a __________ reinforcer, and sex is a ________ reinforcer. A. primary; primary B. conditioned; conditioned C. primary; conditioned D. conditioned; primary 32. What are the two main concepts of social learning theory? A. identification and imitation B. operant conditioning and classical conditioning C. reinforcement and punishment D. aversion and imitation 33. Young boys living in Melanesia are forced to perform fellatio on an enemy boy in the dark after being exhausted in initiation rites. This reduces the erotic effects of homosexual behaviour and is an example of A. observational learning B. imitation C. aversion conditioning D. cognitive restructuring 34. Which of the following is most consistent with operant conditioning? A. continuing to have sexual intercourse because of having experienced painful intercourse on a consistent basis B. becoming sexually aroused in a new circumstance that is similar to one’s past sexual experiences C. masturbating as a child even when we know that we will be punished if we are caught D. sexually responding to our image of what the other gender is doing 35. Jody’s first serious girlfriend often would wear lycra workout shorts when “serious” sexual intimacies were on the agenda in the back seat of his car. Now whenever he sees a female attired in the same way, he feels sexually aroused. Jody’s reaction is an example of A. classical conditioning B. operant conditioning C. sexual conditioning D. social conditioning 36. Imagine that you have learned to become aroused to your partner’s cologne or perfume. In conditioning terms, the cologne or perfume would be referred to as a(n) A. conditioned response B. unconditioned response C. conditioned stimulus D. unconditioned stimulus 37. Using learning theory terminology presented in the text, the negative experience of contracting a sexually transmitted disease following sexual intercourse would be called a(n) A. positive reinforcement B. negative reinforcement C. punishment D. operant 38. A therapist uses a schedule of immediate rewards and punishments for appropriate and inappropriate sexual arousal to images on a screen. What type of therapy is the therapist using? A. psychoanalysis B. behaviour therapy C. cognitive therapy D. social learning therapy 39. Because stimulation of the clitoris and stimulation of the penis is automatically pleasurable, the sexual pleasure derived from such stimulation is classified as a(n) A. conditioned response B. unconditioned response C. unconditioned stimulus D. conditioned stimulus 40. One of the principles of operant conditioning is the delay factor where punishment is not very effective in stopping the behaviour. This principle can be seen in A. engaging in sexual intercourse after watching pornography B. becoming sexually aroused in a new circumstance that is similar to one’s past sexual experiences. C. continuing to engage in unprotected oral sex after having been diagnosed with Chlamydia in the throat. D. becoming sexually aroused after imagining a sexual activity. 41. A teacher wants to use the concept of self-efficacy when she teaches her class on condom use. Which activity should she incorporate? A. demonstrate how to put on a condom using a dildo B. display pictures showing the steps of how to put on a condom C. talk to the students about problems they have while putting on condoms D. have each of the students practice putting a condom on a dildo 42. Operant conditioning might posit the following regarding homosexuality: A. It is due to a reinforcement of sexual actions toward same-sex individuals. B. Stereotypes of homosexuals persist because we filter out stereotype-inconsistencies. C. Over time, homosexuality should be less common because of a lack of offspring resulting from homosexual pairings. D. It is a result of genetic imprinting. 43. The fact that males living in Melanesia spend 10 or more years in exclusively homosexual relationships, then spend the remainder of their lives in exclusively heterosexual relationships shows that: A. ultimately psychoanalytic ideas of parental influence are most important. B. sexuality is not necessarily fixed, and may be changeable in some societies by social learning and cognitive restructuring. C. sexual selection does not occur within this culture. D. legality is the only barrier to homosexuality. 44. Let’s say that you are trying to explain some kinds of sexual behaviour as resulting from exposure to erotica obtained from “adult” websites. You believe that people will use the techniques they observe in the erotica if they have positive results from trying them. The theory which you are drawing on to explain the sexual behaviour is A. sociobiology B. operant conditioning C. script theory D. social learning theory 45. Males living in Melanesia who shift from a pattern of exclusive homosexuality to a pattern of exclusive heterosexuality are instructed that there are several stages through which a boy must pass to become a masculine man. These boys also participate in initiation ceremonies that involve first giving fellatio to older boys/men and then receiving fellatio from younger boys. The structure of this cultural tradition combines which two theories of sexuality? A. operant and classical conditioning B. cognitive theory and learning theories C. schema processing and evolutionary theory D. psychoanalysis and sociobiology 46. Which of the following is NOT explained by the principles of reinforcement in social exchange theory? A. Change B. Selection C. Stability D. Satisfaction 47. In social exchange terminology, what is the balance of rewards to cost called when there are more rewards than costs? A. Profit B. Deficit C. Reinforcement D. Product 48. According to critics, what concept in relationships does social exchange theory NOT explain well? A. Partner Selection B. Love C. Infidelity D. Sexual Satisfaction 49. What does equality mean in social exchange theory? A. That both partners receive the same rewards. B. That neither partner receives costs. C. That both partners receive the same profits. D. That men do the same number of chores as women. 50. Which is an example of equity? A. Jane and John experience the same profit in their relationship. B. Jane believes that John experiences more costs in their relationship than she does. C. John believes that Jane receives as many rewards as she should and fewer costs than she should in their relationship. D. Jane and John believe that the rewards they get are proportional to the costs they bear in their relationship. 51. Which theory explains relationships in terms of rewards and cost? A. Social learning theory B. Symbolic interaction theory C. Social exchange theory D. Social economic theory 52. Jen’s friend Sandra lends her a lawn mower because last week Jen took care of Sandra’s dog while she was out of town. This example demonstrates how _______________ views social relationships. A. social learning theory B. social exchange theory C. evolutionary theory D. symbolic interaction theory 53. Lee has been going on dates with both Terri and Joe. Terri is wealthy and takes Lee on extravagant trips paying for everything; but he often travels for work for long periods of time. Joe is more modest and most of their dates involve spending time in common activities together. Lee is looking for loving companionship. First, according to social exchange theory, which dating partner is Lee likely to choose? A. Neither B. Terri C. Joe D. A new person 54. Second, what social exchange principle is demonstrated in the scenario in the question above? A. Comparison level for alternatives B. Comparison level C. Balance of rewards and costs D. Vicarious learning 55. A researcher team is interested in couples’ sexual satisfaction. They ask people about what parts of their sexual relationship are positive, which parts are negative, and whether overall they find their sexual relationship to as good/bad as they expected. What theory of sexual relationships is this research team investigating? A. Symbolic interaction theory B. Social exchange theory C. Sociobiology D. Social learning theory 56. Toni has high expectations for having consistently great sex in her relationships. Although she enjoys having sex with Brett, Toni would like to have more regular, more varied, and longer sexual encounters. Toni has been feeling less sexually attractive because of her perceived limited sex life with Brett. Brett is very happy with the sex that they have. How would Byers and her colleagues expect Toni to rate her level of sexual satisfaction? A. Very high B. Very low C. Non-existent D. Not great 57. Cognitive psychologists believe that distress is caused by which of the following? A. physiological and/or biochemical changes B. reinforcement of negative moods C. unpleasant, exaggerated and/or distorted thoughts D. pressures from competing demands of family, work, and religious beliefs 58. Which of the following is NOT crucial to understanding human sexuality according to cognitive psychologists? A. perception B. labeling C. evaluation D. modification 59. What is a schema? A. A general knowledge framework B. A sneaky way of being C. A technique to identify the sex of a baby D. A stereotyped behaviour 60. According to schema theory, seeing pictures of little boys playing with dolls is information that is called A. schema-resistant B. schema-malignant C. stereotype-inconsistent D. stereotype-distorted 61. How does gender schema theory explain why stereotypes about homosexuals, heterosexuals, males, females, sexual behaviour, etc., are very slow to change? A. we remember events and people in ways that fit better with our stereotypes B. we learn what to expect of people by observing what they do C. we learn to expect certain things from certain people and situations D. we tend to give the same meaning to people across different contexts 62. Why are most of us anxious to know the gender of a newborn child before we interact with the child? A. so parents are not offended by anyone mistaking a boy for a girl B. it helps us organize knowledge so that we can think and act appropriately C. it is a social convention to ask D. clothing no longer tells us the gender of the child 63. Jane meets an old friend, Deb, at the grocery store. Deb has a new baby. The first thing Jane says to Deb is, “Is it a boy or a girl?” Jane’s desire to know this information lends support to the theory of A. sociobiology B. stereotype-distortion C. social scripting D. gender schemas 64. A man walks into a woman’s office, shuts the door, and opens his coat to reveal that he is naked. The woman approaches the man and kisses him passionately. A cognitive psychologist might expect the woman to have mentally done what? A. perceived the man to be attractive and non-threatening B. used her knowledge of stereotypes to size the man up C. remembered a sequence of events she saw in a movie D. telepathically communicated her sexual desire to the man 65. On the way to work you see a female ballerina, a male body-builder, and a female construction worker. According to gender schema theory, which of the following are you likely to remember? A. a female ballerina, male body-builder, and female construction worker B. a female ballerina, female body-builder, and female construction worker C. a female ballerina, male body-builder, and male construction worker D. the female ballerina if you are male, and the male body-builder if you are male 66. Which theorist would modify a person’s sexual thoughts or fantasies to improve his or her sexual functioning? A. learning theorist B. operant theorist C. behavioural theorist D. cognitive theorist 67. A young man is surfing the Internet for sexually explicit images. As he scans the images, he begins to get an erection. He comes across a website that shows adults dressed like cartoon characters engaged in oral sex. He thinks to himself “arg, that’s weird and perverted.” He instantly loses his sexual arousal. This scenario demonstrates which theory? A. Evolutionary theory B. Learning theory C. Cognitive theory D. Symbolic interaction theory 68. Sociologists view societal influences on human sexuality occurring at a number of levels. The institution of the family is an example of such an influence at the A. macro level B. subcultural level C. interpersonal level D. individual level 69. At the macro level of analysis, our sexuality would be interpreted to be influenced by all EXCEPT for which one of the following? A. the family B. religion C. the economy D. sexual orientation 70. In the examination of the effects of social institutions for differences in sexual behaviour, Byers and Slattery (1997) observed that it is difficult to support a family on the salary earned in most jobs in Russia. In contrast, a prostitute may earn the equivalent of a monthly salary in just a few hours. As a result, many prostitutes in Russia are highly educated. Which sociological institution is concerned? A. the economy B. education C. the family D. politics 71. From the sociological perspective, if you were to state that a particular institution was an important source for norms where various types of sexual behaviour are viewed as being wrong, such as extramarital sex, the institution that you would be referring to would be A. education B. religion C. the economy D. medicine 72. The institution in North American society, which is most responsible for norms and values relating to the prohibitions against homosexual sex, is A. the family B. religion C. the economy D. education 73. Which one of the following is MOST LIKELY to be FALSE concerning the legal system and sexuality? A. Laws are mechanisms of social control. B. Laws determine normative behaviours. C. Laws reflect the interests of dominant groups within a society. D. Laws concerning sexuality are in everyone’s best interest. 74. If we are studying two societies in relation to their views on prostitution and we find that in one, prostitution is legal and in the other, it is not, the social system or institution that we are examining is A. medicine B. the law C. the family D. religion 75. Which of the following is the BEST example of the medicalization of sexuality in the 21 st century? A. A man asks his physician for a pill to help him attain an erection. B. A woman asks her physician for a referral to a sex therapist. C. A woman sees a gynecologist about severe menstrual pain. D. A man sees his physician for the treatment of a sexually transmitted infection. 76. Jeannie’s mother was happy to have a husband who brought home a pay check every two weeks and was a good man. For her, these characteristics were enough for her to have sex with her husband. Jeannie wants to fall in love with someone who will become her partner both in marriage and in sex. This is an example of how the _____________ institution has changed and the ________________ ideology guides sexual behaviour. A. economic; procreational B. economic; relational C. familial; procreational D. familial; relational 77. Which of the following is TRUE regarding sexual behaviour and the institution of medicine? A. In the late 1800s, physicians indicated masturbation would not cause various pathologies. B. Today, medicine plays a role in aspects of sexuality it never used to, such as child birth. C. Today most sex therapists are uncomfortable “prescribing” masturbation as a treatment. D. Medicine has had minimal influence on our sexuality over the last 100 years. 78. Which of the following was NOT mentioned in your textbook as having been illegal in Canada? A. same-sex sexual activity B. bestiality C. contraception D. sex between two unmarried persons 79. Under Prime Minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau, an omnibus bill was passed that made the use of contraception legal and allowed consenting adults to legally have oral and anal sex. These sweeping changes were introduced in A. 1955 B. 1960 C. 1969 D. 1979 80. Who was one of the earliest contributors to sexual behavioural research and administered the first large-scale sex survey? A. Margaret Mead B. Magnus Hitschfeld C. Alfred Kinsey D. Bronislaw Malinowski 81. In Canada, laws cannot be based on one religious tradition. Freedom of conscience, religion, and equity are guaranteed by a document called A. Criminal Code B. Charter of Rights and Freedoms C. Provincial Laws and Documents D. Canadian Supreme Court Documents 82. In Canada there are three criminal offenses regarding sexual assault. In order of the minimum to maximum sentence associated, they are: A. Sexual assault, sexual assault with a weapon/threats, aggravated sexual assault B. Sexual assault, aggravated sexual assault, sexual interference C. Minor sexual assault, aggravated sexual assault, deadly sexual assault D. Sexual assault with a weapon, aggravated sexual assault, rape 83. Although polygyny is illegal in Canada, practitioners of polygyny may not be prosecuted. One reason for this is that: A. the government wishes to repeal this law, making polygyny legal. B. polygyny is more related to the social institution of economy than to that of law. C. the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects religious practices from persecution. D. there is a lack of political will to persecute individuals in Canada when polygyny is legal in the United States. 84. Under the Criminal Code of Canada, which of the following is the most serious offense? A. corrupting children B. bestiality C. aggravated sexual assault D. child pornography 85. Which activity listed below is the BEST example of a sexual activity that when regulated by law functions to protect the interests of the dominant group? A. Child pornography B. Same-sex marriage C. Nudity D. Adultery 86. In some countries, live sex shows are legal and participated in as well as viewed by consenting adults. In Canada, live sex shows constitute: A. immoral but not illegal behaviour B. illegal behaviour with no jail sentence C. illegal behaviour with a 2-year jail sentence D. behaviour with no social restrictions 87. Technically, it is illegal in Canada for consenting adults to engage in group sex if A. anal sex occurs B. oral sex occurs C. same-sex sex occurs D. extra-marital sex occurs 88. Pierre Trudeau is quoted as saying “the state has no business in the bedrooms of the nation.” How does this quote fit Canadian law as compared to American law regarding sexuality? A. There are no laws in Canada on sexual behaviour; there are many stringent laws in the United States on sexual behaviour. B. Homosexuality is legal in Canada; homosexuality is illegal in the United States. C. Canadian sex laws only apply to behaviours performed in public; American sex laws apply to behaviours performed anywhere. D. Canadian sex laws do not include private, adult, consensual activity; American sex laws include legal regulation of some adult consensual activities. 89. Across Canada there has been a long-standing law making it a crime for women to go topless. In Ontario, it is no longer illegal for women to go topless. Despite the change in law, it is still uncommon to see topless women except for at a few beaches. This is an example of how laws: A. enact social change in favour of the minority population B. create social norms and control society C. protect children from corruption D. protect women from harassment 90. Polygyny practices present a difficult case to prosecute in Canada. The practice itself is illegal but is almost always practiced due to religious or cultural beliefs. Polygyny practices may also undermine women’s equality. Additionally, polygamists do not usually register multiple spouses. This practice then puts what rights upheld by Canadian law against each other? A. religious rights and immigration rights B. women’s rights and religious rights C. cultural rights and individuals’ rights D. women’s rights and family rights 91. When a person imagines how he/she is viewed from another person’s perspective this is called A. other-orientation B. comparison level C. defining the situation D. role-taking 92. Which is the FIRST behaviour in most people’s sexual scripts? A. fellatio B. kissing C. cunnilingus D. touching the breasts 93. Reiss’s explanation for the universal importance of sexuality de-emphasizes the fact that A. sexuality is associated with great physical pleasure. B. sexual interactions are associated with disclosure of one’s body. C. sexual interactions are associated with disclosure of one’s thoughts and feelings. D. sexual interactions are associated with reproduction. 94. What three social structures are linked to sexuality according to Reiss? A. kinship, power, and ideology B. family, economy, and power C. medicine, law, and religion D. kinship, economy, and power 95. On a first date with someone, males are often portrayed as being proactive and being the one to pick up the female, while the female is portrayed as being reactive and being the one who is picked up. These are examples of: A. classical conditioning B. gender schema C. social evolution D. sexual scripts 96. According to Reiss’s sociological theory of sexuality, the reason why sex is important in any society is because it involves self-disclosure and A. kinship B. bonding C. physical pleasure D. the ideologies of a culture 97. Ira Reiss’s sociological theory of sexuality suggests that self-disclosure is A. psychic satisfaction B. a communication aid C. almost as important as sexual pleasure D. important in reproductive sex 98. According to Reiss’s concept of power structure, males have more power than females in most societies, Therefore: A. females have power over the family but no economic power B. males control female sexuality C. females have few legal rights D. society will never adapt to perfect equity 99. Researchers have studied the “most sexually arousing” sequence of events. Using sexual scripts, what would you expect they found? A. little agreement among males on this sequence B. little agreement among females on this sequence C. little agreement between and among females and males on this sequence D. a great deal of agreement between and among females and males on this sequence 100. Which one of the following can be considered a sexual script? A. Our prior learning that tells us about the characteristics of our own gender. B. Our prior learning that tells us about the characteristics of the other gender. C. Our prior learning that tells us about sexual etiquette and how to interpret specific situations. D. Our prior learning that tells which media figures (e.g., movie stars) we should imitate in our sexual behaviour. 101. Canadian researchers have begun to study sexual scripts that incorporate our use of technology in the 21 st century. Which of the following BEST represents how young people’s first date scripts may have changed to incorporate technology? A. They have not changed. B. A dating couple texts before and after their date. C. A dating couple avoids texting each other. D. Scripts do not apply to technology. 102. Sam and Jodi just finished a night at the movies together. After having a coffee at the local café, Sam walks Jodi home. As they say goodnight, to Jodi’s surprise, Sam leans in for a kiss. In terms of symbolic interaction theory, Jodi and Sam have A. developed a shared definition of the situation B. not developed a shared definition of the situation C. taken opposing roles D. jumped a step in the sexual script 103. In some religious ideologies, sex is a great spiritual undertaking that can bring one closer to God. In others, sex is a necessary evil to be hidden and controlled. How people define sexual encounters in cultures marked by these two ideologies differs greatly. The definition of sex as spiritual or sex as evil is an example of whose perspective of how social structures are linked to sexuality? A. Reiss B. Freud C. Buss D. Masters 104. You are on a number of student committees at your University/College which has put you in the position of volunteering at back-to-back events during orientation. You have just finished running a sexuality education booth where you were demonstrating proper condom use techniques and are now setting up a booth for international students. Your co-volunteer arrives to help you with the booth and, in an enthusiastic manner, grabs a coloured condom that was hanging out of your pocket, and begins to blow it up like a balloon. You burst out laughing but your colleague looks at you in complete confusion. Which is the BEST description of how symbolic interaction theory might describe what has taken place? A. Co-operation between two individuals achieves most goals. B. An object takes on meaning in relation to a person’s plans. C. Mistakes occur when people do not verbally communicate. D. Being able to place one’s self in another’s shoes. 105. Evolutionary psychology has been proven correct in that males and females commonly look for short-term sexual relationships based on sexual availability. True False 106. A sociobiologist would suggest that the nuclear family structure of a man, woman, and offspring functions positively for reproductive success because it perpetuates pair-bonding and attachment between parent and infant. True False 107. Sociobiology has been criticized since the 1980s for embracing an outmoded and naïve version of evolutionary theory. True False 108. According to evolutionary psychology, successful long-term sexual strategies in mate-selection often are not based on the same criteria used in successful short-term sexual strategies. True False 109. According to Freud, the ego develops first, followed by the id and superego. True False 110. Freud saw that one of the key factors in the development of the human personality in males was the resolution of their desire to kill their fathers and possess their mothers. True False 111. The distinction that Freud and many of the followers of psychoanalytic theory have made between a vaginal orgasm and a clitoral orgasm in women is best described as erroneous. True False 112. If we believe that sexual behaviour and beliefs can be changed at just about any time during our lives rather than in only our childhood, we are adherents to psychoanalytic theory. True False 113. Classical conditioning can affect sexual behaviours. True False 114. Social exchange theory sees social relationships as exchanges of goods and services between people. True False 115. The gender schemas that exist in the members of any society respond relatively quickly to change in society and what men and women do in that society. True False 116. For the most part in Canadian society, the institution of religion has had little influence in the shaping of sexual norms because of the emphasis in Canada upon the freedom of the individual to decide what’s best for each person. True False 117. In Canada, a charge of nudity carries a sentence of 6 months and/or $5,000. True False 118. An adult asking another adult to purchase a sexual service while on the street in Canada is committing a crime. True False 119. An example of symbolic communication is a flower representing the womb in art. True False 120. Mike and Cindy have a predictable first date where they both expect to do the same things in a relatively specific order: getting to know one another, evaluating, eating out, making out, and then going home. They are following what is known as a sexual script. True False 121. According to Ira Reiss, sexuality is important in all societies and will remain important because sex is associated with great physical pleasure and its concomitant lack of personal disclosure. True False 122. Discuss how the processes of natural selection and sexual selection work from the viewpoint of a sociobiologist. 123. Discuss the differences in the ways sociobiologists, cognitive psychologists, and sociologists would account for the existence of the double standard. To which group is your own explanation for the phenomenon most similar? Why? 124. How does evolutionary psychology differ from sociobiology? What are the key processes for each? 125. Discuss the three major components of Freud’s theory of human personality and the sequence of their development. 126. What are the stages of personality development as put forth by Freud? Briefly define each and discuss the implications for each gender. 127. Discuss the consequences of Freud’s view of women on human sexuality in Canada. How does the psychoanalytic view of female sexuality affect male sexuality? 128. Show the difference between classical and operant conditioning on sexuality. Which one helps to explain more about human sexuality? Explain. 129. What are the main processes involved in sexuality as viewed from social learning and why is the concept of self-efficacy so important in learning? 130. Apply the principles of social learning theory to how males in Melanesia live as homosexuals for a decade and then thereafter live as heterosexuals. 131. Briefly discuss how each of the major social institutions in a society can influence the sexuality in that society. 132. Using a sociological approach, briefly discuss the different levels of analysis of a society and their focus on sexuality. 133. Define what a sexual script is. Then give an example (not a first date) of a sexual script that you know is widely accepted. 134. Why is sexuality important in all societies? 135. How might the processes of imitation and identification be incorporated into erotic films in order to encourage the use of condoms to inhibit the spread of sexually transmitted diseases? 136. According to Reiss, sexuality is linked to the structures of any society in three areas. Identify these areas and discuss their effects on sexuality. 137. Canadian law has become more equitable and liberal within the last century. Discuss the most important changes. 138. Using Social Exchange theory, discuss how two people in a romantic relationship could have different levels of sexual satisfaction. c2 Key 1. Which of the following is the concept sociobiologists use to describe “the process by which the individuals that are best adapted to their environment, survive, reproduce, and pass on their genes”? A. sexual strategies B. natural selection C. environmental physiology D. gender schemas Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #1 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 2. Sociobiologists believe that human sexual behaviours are primarily the result of A. observational learning B. personal experience C. evolution D. cultural influences Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #2 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 3. Which of the following supports the sociobiological theory of parental investment? A. Fathers spend an equal amount of money on their genetic children and their current stepchildren. B. Fathers spend more money on their genetic children than on stepchildren from past relationships. C. Fathers spend less money on their genetic children than on their current stepchildren. D. Fathers’ spending habits are entirely dictated by the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #3 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 4. Which theoretical formulation has been criticized for an over-emphasis on reproduction? A. sociology B. sociobiology C. social learning theory D. script theory Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #4 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 5. Pair-bonding and attachment increase reproductive success. Which example illustrates these mechanisms? A. A mother and father are emotionally involved and share finances. B. A mother and her child have a loving relationship and the father provides finances. C. A mother and father are emotionally involved and both have a loving relationship with the child. D. A father and his child have a loving relationship and the mother provides stability. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #5 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 6. Which of the following is a sexual strategy which would be considered an effective evolutionary psychological mechanism? A. A male choosing a fertile female who appears unhealthy. B. A male chooses a sexually available female for both short-term and long-term relationships. C. A male choosing a sexually available female for a short-term relationship, but avoiding such females for a long-term relationship. D. A female choosing a partner for the short-term relationship because of immediate resource availability but not considering the implication for the long term. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #6 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 7. Some theorists suggest we may look at a partner’s physique and complexion to estimate their A. social status B. sexual experience C. genetic structure D. reproductive potential Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #7 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 8. According to sociobiology theory, homosexuality may be explained by which of the following? A. The lack of sexual reproduction between homosexuals gives them the evolutionary advantage of having more resources available to themselves. B. Homosexuality likely evolved to provide more care-giving individuals within a community. C. Homosexuality likely evolved as a fourth sexual selection strategy in communities with an over-representation of one gender. D. Because of its focus on reproduction, sociobiological theory cannot explain homosexuality. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #8 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 9. A girl is impressed with her boyfriend’s ambition. She feels he will make a good husband and father. She accepts his proposal of marriage. This is an example of A. sexual selection B. natural selection C. cognitive selection D. social display Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #9 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 10. When a group of males at a party compete to catch the attention of one particularly beautiful and intelligent female, they are displaying a behaviour called A. gender schema B. latency C. sexual selection D. parental investment Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #10 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 11. A married man who refrains from flirting with a female in front of his wife is being guided by his A. id B. ego C. libido D. pleasure principle Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #11 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 12. A psychology student studies the “wedding ring” effect, the idea that people who are already in a committed relationship seem to be more attractive to opposite-sex singles. Using the ideas in sexual strategy, why might this be so? A. A person in a committed relationship must only want a sexual encounter, making them a good short-term partner and that is what both men and women desire. B. A person in a committed relationship must have the qualities of a good long-term partner and that is what both men and women desire. C. A man in a committed relationship would not be available, making him attractive to single women who generally desire a long-term partner only. D. A woman in a committed relationship would not be available, making her attractive to single men who generally desire a short-term partner only. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #12 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 13. Professor Smith is studying the sexual behaviour of a heterosexual couple. She is interested in how the behaviour of this couple evolved and how it is similar to the behaviour she observed last week in the monkeys in her backyard. The concept expressed here is part of the A. sociobiological approach B. social learning approach C. mixed species approach D. conflict approach Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #13 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 14. Professor Smith is studying a heterosexual couple’s sexual behaviour. She is interested in how the psychological mechanisms they used in choosing each other were shaped by natural selection. What approach is she using? A. sociobiological B. evolutionary psychology C. psychoanalytic D. learning theory Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #14 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 15. Susie and John are on a date at the zoo. During their visit to the wild cat sanctuary, they come upon a male and female lion mating. While they are giggling at the cats’ public display, Susie notices that she is becoming aroused. John, on the other hand, is experiencing no arousal except for some discomfort with the lion’s ongoing encounter. How might some researchers interpret Susie and John’s responses as a demonstration of natural selection? A. Historically, men who have sex with felines do not reproduce; therefore, John is not sexually aroused by the sexual scene. B. Susie has likely experienced sexual arousal to animals having sex in her past and is now conditioned to respond to the sexual scene. C. Historically, finding humour in uncomfortable situations is a valuable trait to have in a mate; therefore, Susie is aroused by John. D. Historically, women who had automatic physiological responses to a wide range of stimuli were more likely to survive; therefore, Susie is aroused by the sexual scene. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #15 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 16. What term did Freud use to describe the sex drive? A. evolution B. libido C. thanatos D. evolutionary imperative Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #16 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 17. Which component of the personality operates on the reality principle? A. the ego B. the id C. the superego D. Eros Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #17 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 18. According to Freud, identification with the same-gender parent occurs at the conclusion of the stage of psychosexual development called the A. anal stage B. oral stage C. genital stage D. phallic stage Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #18 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 19. Which of the following is a popular criticism of Sigmund Freud’s work? A. the idea that the unconscious cannot be studied scientifically B. the idea that there are stages of sexual development C. the “Inductor Theory of Primary Sexual Differentiation” D. his forward thinking in terms of male and female equity Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #19 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 20. Let’s say you are a person who is willing to have sex with anyone, anytime, anyplace. According to Freud, you have an overactive A. pituitary and hypothalamus B. id C. ego D. superego Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #20 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 21. A weakness of Freud’s theory of psychosocial development was his belief that not much happened sexually during the A. oral stage B. latency stage C. anal stage D. genital stage Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #21 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 22. One of the main criticisms of Freud is that A. he claimed children were sexual beings. B. his data came from disturbed patients. C. he suffered from acute depression himself. D. the sample on which he based his findings was too large. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #22 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 23. Neuropsychoanalysis research has provided support for Freud’s theories by showing that A. the temporal lobe likely contains the ego. B. the unconscious can be accessed with electrical stimulation. C. parts of the limbic system are active during strange dreams. D. parts of the frontal lobe are active during strange dreams. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #23 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 24. In Freudian terms, a child who steals a cookie from the jar and then feels guilty has a A. strong libido B. strong id C. weak superego D. strong superego Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #24 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 25. A woman who constantly smokes cigarettes and chews gum would be said to be fixated at the: A. phallic stage B. genital stage C. oral stage D. penis envy stage Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #25 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 26. At around two years old, parents typically potty train their children. In Freud’s view, this behaviour is an example of what stage of development? A. oral stage B. phallic stage C. genital stage D. anal stage Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #26 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 27. Which of the following is NOT a feminist critique of how Freud viewed women’s psychosocial development? A. Women are inferior because they do not have a penis. B. A vaginal orgasm is more mature than a clitoral orgasm. C. Women are the source of boys’ Oedipus complex. D. There are differences between vaginal and clitoral orgasms. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #27 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 28. Which is NOT one of Freud’s important contributions to sexuality? A. making sex something the public could talk about. B. showing that sex was an appropriate topic for scientific research. C. showing that sex is a natural and inseparable part of human life. D. his identification of the latency period of childhood. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #28 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 29. The theorists/researchers who believe that all or almost all of our adult sexual behaviour is determined by our childhood experiences use which of the following approaches? A. social learning B. sociobiology C. structural functional D. psychoanalytic Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #29 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 30. Freudian psychoanalysts believe development ___________ whereas modern psychoanalysts believe development _______________. A. ends in adolescence; is lifelong B. is lifelong; ends in adolescence C. is biological; is sociological D. depends on parents; depends on genetics Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #30 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 31. Food is a __________ reinforcer, and sex is a ________ reinforcer. A. primary; primary B. conditioned; conditioned C. primary; conditioned D. conditioned; primary Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #31 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 32. What are the two main concepts of social learning theory? A. identification and imitation B. operant conditioning and classical conditioning C. reinforcement and punishment D. aversion and imitation Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #32 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 33. Young boys living in Melanesia are forced to perform fellatio on an enemy boy in the dark after being exhausted in initiation rites. This reduces the erotic effects of homosexual behaviour and is an example of A. observational learning B. imitation C. aversion conditioning D. cognitive restructuring Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #33 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 34. Which of the following is most consistent with operant conditioning? A. continuing to have sexual intercourse because of having experienced painful intercourse on a consistent basis B. becoming sexually aroused in a new circumstance that is similar to one’s past sexual experiences C. masturbating as a child even when we know that we will be punished if we are caught D. sexually responding to our image of what the other gender is doing Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #34 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 35. Jody’s first serious girlfriend often would wear lycra workout shorts when “serious” sexual intimacies were on the agenda in the back seat of his car. Now whenever he sees a female attired in the same way, he feels sexually aroused. Jody’s reaction is an example of A. classical conditioning B. operant conditioning C. sexual conditioning D. social conditioning Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #35 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 36. Imagine that you have learned to become aroused to your partner’s cologne or perfume. In conditioning terms, the cologne or perfume would be referred to as a(n) A. conditioned response B. unconditioned response C. conditioned stimulus D. unconditioned stimulus Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #36 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 37. Using learning theory terminology presented in the text, the negative experience of contracting a sexually transmitted disease following sexual intercourse would be called a(n) A. positive reinforcement B. negative reinforcement C. punishment D. operant Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #37 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 38. A therapist uses a schedule of immediate rewards and punishments for appropriate and inappropriate sexual arousal to images on a screen. What type of therapy is the therapist using? A. psychoanalysis B. behaviour therapy C. cognitive therapy D. social learning therapy Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #38 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 39. Because stimulation of the clitoris and stimulation of the penis is automatically pleasurable, the sexual pleasure derived from such stimulation is classified as a(n) A. conditioned response B. unconditioned response C. unconditioned stimulus D. conditioned stimulus Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #39 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 40. One of the principles of operant conditioning is the delay factor where punishment is not very effective in stopping the behaviour. This principle can be seen in A. engaging in sexual intercourse after watching pornography B. becoming sexually aroused in a new circumstance that is similar to one’s past sexual experiences. C. continuing to engage in unprotected oral sex after having been diagnosed with Chlamydia in the throat. D. becoming sexually aroused after imagining a sexual activity. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #40 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual b ehaviours. 41. A teacher wants to use the concept of self-efficacy when she teaches her class on condom use. Which activity should she incorporate? A. demonstrate how to put on a condom using a dildo B. display pictures showing the steps of how to put on a condom C. talk to the students about problems they have while putting on condoms D. have each of the students practice putting a condom on a dildo Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #41 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 42. Operant conditioning might posit the following regarding homosexuality: A. It is due to a reinforcement of sexual actions toward same-sex individuals. B. Stereotypes of homosexuals persist because we filter out stereotype-inconsistencies. C. Over time, homosexuality should be less common because of a lack of offspring resulting from homosexual pairings. D. It is a result of genetic imprinting. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #42 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 43. The fact that males living in Melanesia spend 10 or more years in exclusively homosexual relationships, then spend the remainder of their lives in exclusively heterosexual relationships shows that: A. ultimately psychoanalytic ideas of parental influence are most important. B. sexuality is not necessarily fixed, and may be changeable in some societies by social learning and cognitive restructuring. C. sexual selection does not occur within this culture. D. legality is the only barrier to homosexuality. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #43 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 44. Let’s say that you are trying to explain some kinds of sexual behaviour as resulting from exposure to erotica obtained from “adult” websites. You believe that people will use the techniques they observe in the erotica if they have positive results from trying them. The theory which you are drawing on to explain the sexual behaviour is A. sociobiology B. operant conditioning C. script theory D. social learning theory Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #44 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 45. Males living in Melanesia who shift from a pattern of exclusive homosexuality to a pattern of exclusive heterosexuality are instructed that there are several stages through which a boy must pass to become a masculine man. These boys also participate in initiation ceremonies that involve first giving fellatio to older boys/men and then receiving fellatio from younger boys. The structure of this cultural tradition combines which two theories of sexuality? A. operant and classical conditioning B. cognitive theory and learning theories C. schema processing and evolutionary theory D. psychoanalysis and sociobiology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #45 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 46. Which of the following is NOT explained by the principles of reinforcement in social exchange theory? A. Change B. Selection C. Stability D. Satisfaction Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #46 Learning Objective: 02-04 Show how social exchange theory explains sexual relationships and their satisfaction; stability; and change. 47. In social exchange terminology, what is the balance of rewards to cost called when there are more rewards than costs? A. Profit B. Deficit C. Reinforcement D. Product Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #47 Learning Objective: 02-04 Show how social exchange theory explains sexual relationships and their satisfaction; stability; and change. 48. According to critics, what concept in relationships does social exchange theory NOT explain well? A. Partner Selection B. Love C. Infidelity D. Sexual Satisfaction Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #48 Learning Objective: 02-04 Show how social exchange theory explains sexual relationships and their satisfaction; stability; and c hange. 49. What does equality mean in social exchange theory? A. That both partners receive the same rewards. B. That neither partner receives costs. C. That both partners receive the same profits. D. That men do the same number of chores as women. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #49 Learning Objective: 02-04 Show how social exchange theory explains sexual relationships and their satisfaction; stability; and change. 50. Which is an example of equity? A. Jane and John experience the same profit in their relationship. B. Jane believes that John experiences more costs in their relationship than she does. C. John believes that Jane receives as many rewards as she should and fewer costs than she should in their relationship. D. Jane and John believe that the rewards they get are proportional to the costs they bear in their relationship. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #50 Learning Objective: 02-04 Show how social exchange theory explains sexual relationships and their satisfaction; stability; and change. 51. Which theory explains relationships in terms of rewards and cost? A. Social learning theory B. Symbolic interaction theory C. Social exchange theory D. Social economic theory Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #51 Learning Objective: 02-04 Show how social exchange theory explains sexual relationships and their satisfaction; stability; and change. 52. Jen’s friend Sandra lends her a lawn mower because last week Jen took care of Sandra’s dog while she was out of town. This example demonstrates how _______________ views social relationships. A. social learning theory B. social exchange theory C. evolutionary theory D. symbolic interaction theory Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #52 Learning Objective: 02-04 Show how social exchange theory explains sexual relationships and their satisfaction; stability; and change. 53. Lee has been going on dates with both Terri and Joe. Terri is wealthy and takes Lee on extravagant trips paying for everything; but he often travels for work for long periods of time. Joe is more modest and most of their dates involve spending time in common activities together. Lee is looking for loving companionship. First, according to social exchange theory, which dating partner is Lee likely to choose? A. Neither B. Terri C. Joe D. A new person Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #53 Learning Objective: 02-04 Show how social exchange theory explains sexual relationships and their satisfaction; stability; and change. 54. Second, what social exchange principle is demonstrated in the scenario in the question above? A. Comparison level for alternatives B. Comparison level C. Balance of rewards and costs D. Vicarious learning Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #54 Learning Objective: 02-04 Show how social exchange theory explains sexual relationships and their satisfaction; stability; and change. 55. A researcher team is interested in couples’ sexual satisfaction. They ask people about what parts of their sexual relationship are positive, which parts are negative, and whether overall they find their sexual relationship to as good/bad as they expected. What theory of sexual relationships is this research team investigating? A. Symbolic interaction theory B. Social exchange theory C. Sociobiology D. Social learning theory Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #55 Learning Objective: 02-04 Show how social exchange theory explains sexual relationships and their satisfaction; stability; and change. 56. Toni has high expectations for having consistently great sex in her relationships. Although she enjoys having sex with Brett, Toni would like to have more regular, more varied, and longer sexual encounters. Toni has been feeling less sexually attractive because of her perceived limited sex life with Brett. Brett is very happy with the sex that they have. How would Byers and her colleagues expect Toni to rate her level of sexual satisfaction? A. Very high B. Very low C. Non-existent D. Not great Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #56 Learning Objective: 02-04 Show how social exchange theory explains sexual relationships and their satisfaction; stability; and change. 57. Cognitive psychologists believe that distress is caused by which of the following? A. physiological and/or biochemical changes B. reinforcement of negative moods C. unpleasant, exaggerated and/or distorted thoughts D. pressures from competing demands of family, work, and religious beliefs Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #57 Learning Objective: 02-05 Demonstrate the relationship between cognition and sexuality and gender. 58. Which of the following is NOT crucial to understanding human sexuality according to cognitive psychologists? A. perception B. labeling C. evaluation D. modification Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #58 Learning Objective: 02-05 Demonstrate the relationship between cognition and sexuality and gender. 59. What is a schema? A. A general knowledge framework B. A sneaky way of being C. A technique to identify the sex of a baby D. A stereotyped behaviour Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #59 Learning Objective: 02-05 Demonstrate the relationship between cognition and sexuality and gender. 60. According to schema theory, seeing pictures of little boys playing with dolls is information that is called A. schema-resistant B. schema-malignant C. stereotype-inconsistent D. stereotype-distorted Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #60 Learning Objective: 02-05 Demonstrate the relationship between cognition and sexuality and gender. 61. How does gender schema theory explain why stereotypes about homosexuals, heterosexuals, males, females, sexual behaviour, etc., are very slow to change? A. we remember events and people in ways that fit better with our stereotypes B. we learn what to expect of people by observing what they do C. we learn to expect certain things from certain people and situations D. we tend to give the same meaning to people across different contexts Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #61 Learning Objective: 02-05 Demonstrate the relationship between cognition and sexuality and gender. 62. Why are most of us anxious to know the gender of a newborn child before we interact with the child? A. so parents are not offended by anyone mistaking a boy for a girl B. it helps us organize knowledge so that we can think and act appropriately C. it is a social convention to ask D. clothing no longer tells us the gender of the child Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #62 Learning Objective: 02-05 Demonstrate the relationship between cognition and sexuality and gender. 63. Jane meets an old friend, Deb, at the grocery store. Deb has a new baby. The first thing Jane says to Deb is, “Is it a boy or a girl?” Jane’s desire to know this information lends support to the theory of A. sociobiology B. stereotype-distortion C. social scripting D. gender schemas Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #63 Learning Objective: 02-05 Demonstrate the relationship between cognition and sexuality and gender. 64. A man walks into a woman’s office, shuts the door, and opens his coat to reveal that he is naked. The woman approaches the man and kisses him passionately. A cognitive psychologist might expect the woman to have mentally done what? A. perceived the man to be attractive and non-threatening B. used her knowledge of stereotypes to size the man up C. remembered a sequence of events she saw in a movie D. telepathically communicated her sexual desire to the man Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #64 Learning Objective: 02-05 Demonstrate the relationship between cognition and sexuality and gender. 65. On the way to work you see a female ballerina, a male body-builder, and a female construction worker. According to gender schema theory, which of the following are you likely to remember? A. a female ballerina, male body-builder, and female construction worker B. a female ballerina, female body-builder, and female construction worker C. a female ballerina, male body-builder, and male construction worker D. the female ballerina if you are male, and the male body-builder if you are male Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #65 Learning Objective: 02-05 Demonstrate the relationship between cognition and sexuality and gender. 66. Which theorist would modify a person’s sexual thoughts or fantasies to improve his or her sexual functioning? A. learning theorist B. operant theorist C. behavioural theorist D. cognitive theorist Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #66 Learning Objective: 02-05 Demonstrate the relationship between cognition and sexuality and gender. 67. A young man is surfing the Internet for sexually explicit images. As he scans the images, he begins to get an erection. He comes across a website that shows adults dressed like cartoon characters engaged in oral sex. He thinks to himself “arg, that’s weird and perverted.” He instantly loses his sexual arousal. This scenario demonstrates which theory? A. Evolutionary theory B. Learning theory C. Cognitive theory D. Symbolic interaction theory Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #67 Learning Objective: 02-05 Demonstrate the relationship between cognition and sexuality and gender. 68. Sociologists view societal influences on human sexuality occurring at a number of levels. The institution of the family is an example of such an influence at the A. macro level B. subcultural level C. interpersonal level D. individual level Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #68 Learning Objective: 02-06 Describe the sociological perspective; including the social importance of sexuality and its relationship to the social ins titutions. 69. At the macro level of analysis, our sexuality would be interpreted to be influenced by all EXCEPT for which one of the following? A. the family B. religion C. the economy D. sexual orientation Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #69 Learning Objective: 02-06 Describe the sociological perspective; including the social importance of sexuality and its relationship to the social ins titutions. 70. In the examination of the effects of social institutions for differences in sexual behaviour, Byers and Slattery (1997) observed that it is difficult to support a family on the salary earned in most jobs in Russia. In contrast, a prostitute may earn the equivalent of a monthly salary in just a few hours. As a result, many prostitutes in Russia are highly educated. Which sociological institution is concerned? A. the economy B. education C. the family D. politics Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #70 Learning Objective: 02-06 Describe the sociological perspective; including the social importance of sexuality and its relationship to the social ins titutions. 71. From the sociological perspective, if you were to state that a particular institution was an important source for norms where various types of sexual behaviour are viewed as being wrong, such as extramarital sex, the institution that you would be referring to would be A. education B. religion C. the economy D. medicine Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #71 Learning Objective: 02-06 Describe the sociological perspective; including the social importance of sexuality and its relationship to the social ins titutions. 72. The institution in North American society, which is most responsible for norms and values relating to the prohibitions against homosexual sex, is A. the family B. religion C. the economy D. education Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #72 Learning Objective: 02-06 Describe the sociological perspective; including the social importance of sexuality and its relationship to the social ins titutions. 73. Which one of the following is MOST LIKELY to be FALSE concerning the legal system and sexuality? A. Laws are mechanisms of social control. B. Laws determine normative behaviours. C. Laws reflect the interests of dominant groups within a society. D. Laws concerning sexuality are in everyone’s best interest. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #73 Learning Objective: 02-07 Show the ways in which laws in the Criminal Code of Canada regulate sexual conduct. 74. If we are studying two societies in relation to their views on prostitution and we find that in one, prostitution is legal and in the other, it is not, the social system or institution that we are examining is A. medicine B. the law C. the family D. religion Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #74 Learning Objective: 02-07 Show the ways in which laws in the Criminal Code of Canada regulate sexual conduct. 75. Which of the following is the BEST example of the medicalization of sexuality in the 21 st century? A. A man asks his physician for a pill to help him attain an erection. B. A woman asks her physician for a referral to a sex therapist. C. A woman sees a gynecologist about severe menstrual pain. D. A man sees his physician for the treatment of a sexually transmitted infection. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #75 Learning Objective: 02-06 Describe the sociological perspective; including the social importance of sexuality and its relationship to the social ins titutions. 76. Jeannie’s mother was happy to have a husband who brought home a pay check every two weeks and was a good man. For her, these characteristics were enough for her to have sex with her husband. Jeannie wants to fall in love with someone who will become her partner both in marriage and in sex. This is an example of how the _____________ institution has changed and the ________________ ideology guides sexual behaviour. A. economic; procreational B. economic; relational C. familial; procreational D. familial; relational Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #76 Learning Objective: 02-06 Describe the sociological perspective; including the social importance of sexuality and its relationship to the social ins titutions. 77. Which of the following is TRUE regarding sexual behaviour and the institution of medicine? A. In the late 1800s, physicians indicated masturbation would not cause various pathologies. B. Today, medicine plays a role in aspects of sexuality it never used to, such as child birth. C. Today most sex therapists are uncomfortable “prescribing” masturbation as a treatment. D. Medicine has had minimal influence on our sexuality over the last 100 years. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #77 Learning Objective: 02-06 Describe the sociological perspective; including the social importance of sexuality and its relationship to the social ins titutions. 78. Which of the following was NOT mentioned in your textbook as having been illegal in Canada? A. same-sex sexual activity B. bestiality C. contraception D. sex between two unmarried persons Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #78 Learning Objective: 02-07 Show the ways in which laws in the Criminal Code of Canada regulate sexual conduct. 79. Under Prime Minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau, an omnibus bill was passed that made the use of contraception legal and allowed consenting adults to legally have oral and anal sex. These sweeping changes were introduced in A. 1955 B. 1960 C. 1969 D. 1979 Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #79 Learning Objective: 02-07 Show the ways in which laws in the Criminal Code of Canada regulate sexual conduct. 80. Who was one of the earliest contributors to sexual behavioural research and administered the first large-scale sex survey? A. Margaret Mead B. Magnus Hitschfeld C. Alfred Kinsey D. Bronislaw Malinowski Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #80 Learning Objective: 02-07 Show the ways in which laws in the Criminal Code of Canada regulate sexual conduct. 81. In Canada, laws cannot be based on one religious tradition. Freedom of conscience, religion, and equity are guaranteed by a document called A. Criminal Code B. Charter of Rights and Freedoms C. Provincial Laws and Documents D. Canadian Supreme Court Documents Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #81 Learning Objective: 02-07 Show the ways in which laws in the Criminal Code of Canada regulate sexual conduct. 82. In Canada there are three criminal offenses regarding sexual assault. In order of the minimum to maximum sentence associated, they are: A. Sexual assault, sexual assault with a weapon/threats, aggravated sexual assault B. Sexual assault, aggravated sexual assault, sexual interference C. Minor sexual assault, aggravated sexual assault, deadly sexual assault D. Sexual assault with a weapon, aggravated sexual assault, rape Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #82 Learning Objective: 02-07 Show the ways in which laws in the Criminal Code of Canada regulate sexual conduct. 83. Although polygyny is illegal in Canada, practitioners of polygyny may not be prosecuted. One reason for this is that: A. the government wishes to repeal this law, making polygyny legal. B. polygyny is more related to the social institution of economy than to that of law. C. the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects religious practices from persecution. D. there is a lack of political will to persecute individuals in Canada when polygyny is legal in the United States. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #83 Learning Objective: 02-07 Show the ways in which laws in the Criminal Code of Canada regulate sexual conduct. 84. Under the Criminal Code of Canada, which of the following is the most serious offense? A. corrupting children B. bestiality C. aggravated sexual assault D. child pornography Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #84 Learning Objective: 02-07 Show the ways in which laws in the Criminal Code of Canada regulate sexual conduct. 85. Which activity listed below is the BEST example of a sexual activity that when regulated by law functions to protect the interests of the dominant group? A. Child pornography B. Same-sex marriage C. Nudity D. Adultery Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #85 Learning Objective: 02-07 Show the ways in which laws in the Criminal Code of Canada regulate sexual conduct. 86. In some countries, live sex shows are legal and participated in as well as viewed by consenting adults. In Canada, live sex shows constitute: A. immoral but not illegal behaviour B. illegal behaviour with no jail sentence C. illegal behaviour with a 2-year jail sentence D. behaviour with no social restrictions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #86 Learning Objective: 02-07 Show the ways in which laws in the Criminal Code of Canada regulate sexual conduct. 87. Technically, it is illegal in Canada for consenting adults to engage in group sex if A. anal sex occurs B. oral sex occurs C. same-sex sex occurs D. extra-marital sex occurs Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #87 Learning Objective: 02-07 Show the ways in which laws in the Criminal Code of Canada regulate sexual conduct. 88. Pierre Trudeau is quoted as saying “the state has no business in the bedrooms of the nation.” How does this quote fit Canadian law as compared to American law regarding sexuality? A. There are no laws in Canada on sexual behaviour; there are many stringent laws in the United States on sexual behaviour. B. Homosexuality is legal in Canada; homosexuality is illegal in the United States. C. Canadian sex laws only apply to behaviours performed in public; American sex laws apply to behaviours performed anywhere. D. Canadian sex laws do not include private, adult, consensual activity; American sex laws include legal regulation of some adult consensual activities. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #88 Learning Objective: 02-07 Show the ways in which laws in the Criminal Code of Canada regulate sexual conduct. 89. Across Canada there has been a long-standing law making it a crime for women to go topless. In Ontario, it is no longer illegal for women to go topless. Despite the change in law, it is still uncommon to see topless women except for at a few beaches. This is an example of how laws: A. enact social change in favour of the minority population B. create social norms and control society C. protect children from corruption D. protect women from harassment Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #89 Learning Objective: 02-07 Show the ways in which laws in the Criminal Code of Canada regulate sexual conduct. 90. Polygyny practices present a difficult case to prosecute in Canada. The practice itself is illegal but is almost always practiced due to religious or cultural beliefs. Polygyny practices may also undermine women’s equality. Additionally, polygamists do not usually register multiple spouses. This practice then puts what rights upheld by Canadian law against each other? A. religious rights and immigration rights B. women’s rights and religious rights C. cultural rights and individuals’ rights D. women’s rights and family rights Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #90 Learning Objective: 02-07 Show the ways in which laws in the Criminal Code of Canada regulate sexual conduct. 91. When a person imagines how he/she is viewed from another person’s perspective this is called A. other-orientation B. comparison level C. defining the situation D. role-taking Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #91 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 92. Which is the FIRST behaviour in most people’s sexual scripts? A. fellatio B. kissing C. cunnilingus D. touching the breasts Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #92 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 93. Reiss’s explanation for the universal importance of sexuality de-emphasizes the fact that A. sexuality is associated with great physical pleasure. B. sexual interactions are associated with disclosure of one’s body. C. sexual interactions are associated with disclosure of one’s thoughts and feelings. D. sexual interactions are associated with reproduction. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #93 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 94. What three social structures are linked to sexuality according to Reiss? A. kinship, power, and ideology B. family, economy, and power C. medicine, law, and religion D. kinship, economy, and power Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #94 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 95. On a first date with someone, males are often portrayed as being proactive and being the one to pick up the female, while the female is portrayed as being reactive and being the one who is picked up. These are examples of: A. classical conditioning B. gender schema C. social evolution D. sexual scripts Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #95 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 96. According to Reiss’s sociological theory of sexuality, the reason why sex is important in any society is because it involves self-disclosure and A. kinship B. bonding C. physical pleasure D. the ideologies of a culture Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #96 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 97. Ira Reiss’s sociological theory of sexuality suggests that self-disclosure is A. psychic satisfaction B. a communication aid C. almost as important as sexual pleasure D. important in reproductive sex Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #97 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 98. According to Reiss’s concept of power structure, males have more power than females in most societies, Therefore: A. females have power over the family but no economic power B. males control female sexuality C. females have few legal rights D. society will never adapt to perfect equity Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #98 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 99. Researchers have studied the “most sexually arousing” sequence of events. Using sexual scripts, what would you expect they found? A. little agreement among males on this sequence B. little agreement among females on this sequence C. little agreement between and among females and males on this sequence D. a great deal of agreement between and among females and males on this sequence Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #99 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 100. Which one of the following can be considered a sexual script? A. Our prior learning that tells us about the characteristics of our own gender. B. Our prior learning that tells us about the characteristics of the other gender. C. Our prior learning that tells us about sexual etiquette and how to interpret specific situations. D. Our prior learning that tells which media figures (e.g., movie stars) we should imitate in our sexual behaviour. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #100 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 101. Canadian researchers have begun to study sexual scripts that incorporate our use of technology in the 21 st century. Which of the following BEST represents how young people’s first date scripts may have changed to incorporate technology? A. They have not changed. B. A dating couple texts before and after their date. C. A dating couple avoids texting each other. D. Scripts do not apply to technology. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Apply Hyde – Chapter 02 #101 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 102. Sam and Jodi just finished a night at the movies together. After having a coffee at the local café, Sam walks Jodi home. As they say goodnight, to Jodi’s surprise, Sam leans in for a kiss. In terms of symbolic interaction theory, Jodi and Sam have A. developed a shared definition of the situation B. not developed a shared definition of the situation C. taken opposing roles D. jumped a step in the sexual script Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #102 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 103. In some religious ideologies, sex is a great spiritual undertaking that can bring one closer to God. In others, sex is a necessary evil to be hidden and controlled. How people define sexual encounters in cultures marked by these two ideologies differs greatly. The definition of sex as spiritual or sex as evil is an example of whose perspective of how social structures are linked to sexuality? A. Reiss B. Freud C. Buss D. Masters Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #103 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 104. You are on a number of student committees at your University/College which has put you in the position of volunteering at back-to-back events during orientation. You have just finished running a sexuality education booth where you were demonstrating proper condom use techniques and are now setting up a booth for international students. Your co-volunteer arrives to help you with the booth and, in an enthusiastic manner, grabs a coloured condom that was hanging out of your pocket, and begins to blow it up like a balloon. You burst out laughing but your colleague looks at you in complete confusion. Which is the BEST description of how symbolic interaction theory might describe what has taken place? A. Co-operation between two individuals achieves most goals. B. An object takes on meaning in relation to a person’s plans. C. Mistakes occur when people do not verbally communicate. D. Being able to place one’s self in another’s shoes. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Analyze Hyde – Chapter 02 #104 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 105. Evolutionary psychology has been proven correct in that males and females commonly look for short-term sexual relationships based on sexual availability. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #105 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 106. A sociobiologist would suggest that the nuclear family structure of a man, woman, and offspring functions positively for reproductive success because it perpetuates pair-bonding and attachment between parent and infant. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #106 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 107. Sociobiology has been criticized since the 1980s for embracing an outmoded and naïve version of evolutionary theory. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #107 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 108. According to evolutionary psychology, successful long-term sexual strategies in mate-selection often are not based on the same criteria used in successful short-term sexual strategies. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #108 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 109. According to Freud, the ego develops first, followed by the id and superego. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #109 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 110. Freud saw that one of the key factors in the development of the human personality in males was the resolution of their desire to kill their fathers and possess their mothers. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #110 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 111. The distinction that Freud and many of the followers of psychoanalytic theory have made between a vaginal orgasm and a clitoral orgasm in women is best described as erroneous. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #111 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 112. If we believe that sexual behaviour and beliefs can be changed at just about any time during our lives rather than in only our childhood, we are adherents to psychoanalytic theory. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #112 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 113. Classical conditioning can affect sexual behaviours. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #113 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 114. Social exchange theory sees social relationships as exchanges of goods and services between people. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #114 Learning Objective: 02-04 Show how social exchange theory explains sexual relationships and their satisfaction; stability; and change. 115. The gender schemas that exist in the members of any society respond relatively quickly to change in society and what men and women do in that society. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #115 Learning Objective: 02-05 Demonstrate the relationship between cognition and sexuality and gender. 116. For the most part in Canadian society, the institution of religion has had little influence in the shaping of sexual norms because of the emphasis in Canada upon the freedom of the individual to decide what’s best for each person. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #116 Learning Objective: 02-06 Describe the sociological perspective; including the social importance of sexuality and its relationship to the social ins titutions. 117. In Canada, a charge of nudity carries a sentence of 6 months and/or $5,000. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #117 Learning Objective: 02-07 Show the ways in which laws in the Criminal Code of Canada regulate sexual conduct. 118. An adult asking another adult to purchase a sexual service while on the street in Canada is committing a crime. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #118 Learning Objective: 02-07 Show the ways in which laws in the Criminal Code of Canada regulate sexual conduct. 119. An example of symbolic communication is a flower representing the womb in art. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #119 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 120. Mike and Cindy have a predictable first date where they both expect to do the same things in a relatively specific order: getting to know one another, evaluating, eating out, making out, and then going home. They are following what is known as a sexual script. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #120 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 121. According to Ira Reiss, sexuality is important in all societies and will remain important because sex is associated with great physical pleasure and its concomitant lack of personal disclosure. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Bloom’s: Remember Hyde – Chapter 02 #121 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 122. Discuss how the processes of natural selection and sexual selection work from the viewpoint of a sociobiologist. Answers will vary. Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #122 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 123. Discuss the differences in the ways sociobiologists, cognitive psychologists, and sociologists would account for the existence of the double standard. To which group is your own explanation for the phenomenon most similar? Why? Answers will vary Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #123 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. Learning Objective: 02-05 Demonstrate the relationship between cognition and sexuality and gender. Learning Objective: 02-06 Describe the sociological perspective; including the social importance of sexuality and its relationship to the social instit utions. Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 124. How does evolutionary psychology differ from sociobiology? What are the key processes for each? Answers will vary. Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #124 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 125. Discuss the three major components of Freud’s theory of human personality and the sequence of their development. Answers will vary. Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #125 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 126. What are the stages of personality development as put forth by Freud? Briefly define each and discuss the implications for each gender. Answers will vary. Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #126 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 127. Discuss the consequences of Freud’s view of women on human sexuality in Canada. How does the psychoanalytic view of female sexuality affect male sexuality? Answers will vary. Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #127 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 128. Show the difference between classical and operant conditioning on sexuality. Which one helps to explain more about human sexuality? Explain. Answers will vary. Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #128 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 129. What are the main processes involved in sexuality as viewed from social learning and why is the concept of self-efficacy so important in learning? Answers will vary Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #129 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 130. Apply the principles of social learning theory to how males in Melanesia live as homosexuals for a decade and then thereafter live as heterosexuals. Answers will vary. Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #130 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 131. Briefly discuss how each of the major social institutions in a society can influence the sexuality in that society. Answers will vary. Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #131 Learning Objective: 02-06 Describe the sociological perspective; including the social importance of sexuality and its relationship to the social ins titutions. 132. Using a sociological approach, briefly discuss the different levels of analysis of a society and their focus on sexuality. Answers will vary. Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #132 Learning Objective: 02-06 Describe the sociological perspective; including the social importance of sexuality and its relationship to the social ins titutions. 133. Define what a sexual script is. Then give an example (not a first date) of a sexual script that you know is widely accepted. Answers will vary. Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #133 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 134. Why is sexuality important in all societies? Answers will vary Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #134 Learning Objective: 02-06 Describe the sociological perspective; including the social importance of sexuality and its relationship to the social institutions. 135. How might the processes of imitation and identification be incorporated into erotic films in order to encourage the use of condoms to inhibit the spread of sexually transmitted diseases? Answers will vary. Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #135 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 136. According to Reiss, sexuality is linked to the structures of any society in three areas. Identify these areas and discuss their effects on sexuality. Answers will vary. Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #136 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 137. Canadian law has become more equitable and liberal within the last century. Discuss the most important changes. Answers will vary. Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #137 Learning Objective: 02-07 Show the ways in which laws in the Criminal Code of Canada regulate sexual conduct. 138. Using Social Exchange theory, discuss how two people in a romantic relationship could have different levels of sexual satisfaction. Answers will vary. Bloom’s: Understand Hyde – Chapter 02 #138 Learning Objective: 02-04 Show how social exchange theory explains sexual relationships and their satisfaction; stability; and change. c2 Summary Category # of Questio ns Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 121 Bloom’s: Analyze 22 Bloom’s: Apply 29 Bloom’s: Remember 46 Bloom’s: Understand 41 Hyde – Chapter 02 138 Learning Objective: 02-01 Describe the concepts associated with the evolutionary perspective. 21 Learning Objective: 02-02 State the strengths and weaknesses of the various Freudian psychoanalytic concepts. 22 Learning Objective: 02-03 Discuss the concepts of learning theory as they relate to the learning of sexual behaviours. 21 Learning Objective: 02-04 Show how social exchange theory explains sexual relationships and their satisfaction; stability; and chan ge. 13 Learning Objective: 02-05 Demonstrate the relationship between cognition and sexuality and gender. 13 Learning Objective: 02-06 Describe the sociological perspective; including the social importance of sexuality and its relationship to the social institutions. 13 Learning Objective: 02-07 Show the ways in which laws in the Criminal Code of Canada regulate sexual conduct. 18 Learning Objective: 02-08 Describe symbolic interaction theory and its relationship to the concept of sexual scripts. 20