The American Class Structure in an Age of Growing Inequality Ninth Edition Test Bank

Gilbert: The American Class Structure in an Age of Growing Inequality, 9e Instructor’s Resources Chapter 2: Position and Prestige 1. Which sociologist during the 1930s conducted a study of the social class structure of a small New England town? *a. W. Lloyd Warner b. Richard Coleman c. Lee Rainwater d. Max Weber e. both b and c 2. In his study of Yankee City, W. Lloyd Warner discovered a hierarchy of prestige classes based on both __________________. a. social and political distinctions *b. economic and social distinctions c. economic and political distinctions d. religious and political distinctions e. racial and ethnic distinctions 3. Which of the following did Warner use as a shorthand index for prestige position? a. annual income b. occupation c. political party affiliation *d. clique and association memberships e. none of the above 4. W. Lloyd Warner and his colleagues were able to classify what percent of Yankee City residents? a. 50% b. 30% c. 80% d. 10% *e. 99% 5. Which research team conducted a study of social class in the Boston and Kansas City metropolitan areas? *a. Richard Coleman and Lee Rainwater b. W. Lloyd Warner and colleagues c. Davis, Gardner, and Gardner d. both a and b e. none of the above 6. Which of the following is one of the notable features of the Yankee City classificatory schema? a. an old-money elite vs. those with recently acquired fortunes b. the distinction between those who work with their hands (situated in the lower half of the class structure) and those from the higher classes who do not Gilbert: The American Class Structure in an Age of Growing Inequality, 9e Instructor’s Resources c. the attribution of moral status to class position *d. all of the above e. none of the above 7. Synthesizing individual judgments about the class system was problematic for Coleman and Rainwater because: *a. their data consisted of verbal statements about general symbols rather than details about particular others in the community. b. their data consisted of a large number of highly detailed documents. c. respondents were not as cooperative as the they would have liked. d. respondents provided information that was inconsistent with their expectations. e. their data consisted of a small number of highly detailed documents. 8. The PBS documentary People Like Us: Social Class in America is primarily about: a. the vast differences in wealth seen in America. b. the vast differences in income in America. c. the struggles that members of the lower class must go through to find employment. *d. the way Americans experience class differences. e. the many opportunities available in the United States to those who work hard. 9. According to the Coleman-Rainwater model of the class structure, members of the uppermiddle class tend to which type of occupations? a. Lower-level managers; small business owners; lower status professionals b. Top professionals; senior corporate executives c. Unskilled labor and service jobs *d. Middle professionals and managers e. They tend not to work; rather they receive the majority of their income from investments. 10. According to the NORC occupational prestige scores, which of the following is considered a high prestige job? a. barber b. policeman c. manager of a supermarket *d. registered nurse e. plumber 11. Social classificatory schemas are: *a. useful abstractions that attempt to organize and summarize a great deal of data. b. precise measures of occupational prestige. c. used by the federal government when distributing tax rebates. d. both a and b e. none of the above 12. Coleman and Rainwater studied prestige among individuals in_________. a. Yankee City b. Middletown Gilbert: The American Class Structure in an Age of Growing Inequality, 9e Instructor’s Resources *c. Boston and Kansas City d. Kansas City and Baltimore e. Yankee City and Middletown 13. Warner’s Yankee City research led him to conceive of social class in much the same way as _________. a. Karl Marx b. Gilbert Kahl c. Richard Coleman *d. Max Weber e. Burleigh Gardner 14. According to the work of Coleman and Rainwater, the class with the largest number of families in it is the __________. a. upper-upper class b. upper-middle class c. middle class *d. working class e. semi-poor 15. Americans are: *a. uncomfortable making class distinctions. b. unable to rank different occupations. c. less able to make distinctions among those close to themselves in the hierarchy than far away. d. comfortable with the idea of social inequality. e. able to agree why people belong in particular places in the class hierarchy. 16. Prestige is a sentiment in the minds of people that is expressed in interpersonal interaction. *a. True b. False 17. Warner noted that when a person had an equivalent rank on all the economic and social variables, people in Yankee City had difficulty determining their prestige rank. a. True *b. False 18. The class system in Yankee City is a summary of what residents told Warner. a. True *b. False 19. According to Davis, Gardner, and Gardner, class structures look different depending upon where one is situated in the class structure. *a. True b. False Gilbert: The American Class Structure in an Age of Growing Inequality, 9e Instructor’s Resources 20. Occupational prestige ratings across subgroups have been quite consistent and stable over time. *a. True b. False 21. The PBS documentary People Like Us: Social Class in America is based on systematic research. a. True *b. False 22. Individuals tend to make more class distinctions between themselves and those closest to themselves in the social class hierarchy. *a. True b. False 23. In terms of occupational prestige, a supermarket manager ranks higher than a public school teacher. a. True *b. False 24. The Gilbert-Kahl model was based solely on economic considerations. *a. True b. False 25. In America, there is a prestige hierarchy recognized by most citizens which places people into a few classes. *a. True b. False 26. Occupational prestige scores range from 20 to 80. a. True *b. False 27. Warner discovered that moral status had no connection to class position. a. True *b. False 28. Coleman and Rainwater found that working-class families were more likely to own larger and more expensive automobiles than middle-class families. *a. True b. False 29. The University of Michigan’s Survey Research Center found that people did not have a difficult time associating occupations with social class. *a. True b. False Gilbert: The American Class Structure in an Age of Growing Inequality, 9e Instructor’s Resources 30. Social ranking is usually a conscious process. a. True *b. False Type: E 31. How does the Coleman-Rainwater metropolitan model differ from the Gilbert-Kahl national model outlined in Chapter 1? *a. varies Type: E 32. The Warner and Coleman-Rainwater class models were concerned primarily with prestige. The Gilbert-Kahl model was based solely on economic considerations. Explain why these models still show remarkable consistency. *a. varies Type: E 33. Why is there no longer any clear distinction between the concepts of “blue collar” and “white collar”? Illustrate your explanation with examples. *a. varies Type: E 34. Americans engage in greater “ranking consistency” than “cutting consistency” when identifying where people go in the social class structure. What is the difference between the two of them? Use examples in your definition. *a. varies Type: E 35. The six individual classes that Warner identified in Yankee City are referred to in the text as “abstract concepts.” Briefly explain what the term “abstract concepts” means in this context? *a. varies Type: E 36. Define prestige and give an example illustrating it. *a. varies Type: E 37. Briefly explain what occupational prestige scores are. *a. varies Type: E 38. Define socioeconomic status. *a. varies Type: E Gilbert: The American Class Structure in an Age of Growing Inequality, 9e Instructor’s Resources 39. According to studies of occupational prestige like that from the NORC, what kinds of occupations are ranked the highest? Ranked the lowest? *a. varies Type: F 40. The breaks between Warner’s prestige classes were quite clear-cut, except for the one between the ______________ class and the _____________ class. *a. lower-middle; upper-lower Type: F 41. ________________ is a sentiment in the minds of people that is expressed in interpersonal interaction. *a. Prestige Type: F 42. Warner concluded that the place of individuals within his classificatory schema was the result of a combination of ____________ and _____________ variables. *a. social; economic Type: F 43. Coleman and Rainwater studied prestige classes in two metropolitan areas: _____________ and ______________. *a. Boston; Kansas City Type: F 44. The Gilbert-Kahl model is based on ______________ considerations, whereas the ColemanRainwater model is concerned with _____________. *a. economic; prestige Type: F 45. Occupation is a fair indicator of two other sources of prestige: __________ and __________. *a. income; education Type: F 46. For more than 50 years, the _________________________ at the University of Chicago has been conducting studies of occupational prestige. *a. National Opinion Research Center (NORC) Type: F 47. _________________ studied prestige class in “Yankee City.” *a. W. Lloyd Warner Type: F 48. Traditionally, white collar jobs were where employees did __________________ and blue collar jobs were where employees did ________________. *a. office work; manual work Gilbert: The American Class Structure in an Age of Growing Inequality, 9e Instructor’s Resources Type: F 49. According to the research of Warner in his Yankee City study, if there was doubt about what class a person belonged to, _____________ were the crucial test for people who were not relatives. *a. intimate clique interactions