Test Bank For The Human Body in Health And Disease, 7th Edition

Chapter 02: Chemistry of Life Patton: The Human Body in Health & Disease, 7th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which subatomic particle has a positive charge? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Nucleus ANS: A REF: p. 25 PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms DIF: Memorization 2. Which subatomic particle has no charge? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Nucleus ANS: B REF: p. 25 PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms DIF: Memorization 3. Which subatomic particle has a negative charge? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Nucleus ANS: C REF: p. 25 PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms DIF: Memorization 4. Which subatomic particle is found in the nucleus? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both A and B ANS: D REF: p. 25 PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms DIF: Memorization 5. Electrons are found a. in the nucleus. b. in orbitals. c. at various distances from the nucleus called energy levels. d. both B and C. ANS: D TOP: Atoms PTS: 1 DIF: Application 6. The atomic number of an atom is the number of REF: p. 25 a. b. c. d. protons. neutrons. electrons. both A and B. ANS: A REF: p. 25 PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms DIF: Memorization 7. The atomic mass of an atom is the number of a. protons. b. neutrons. c. electrons. d. sum of A and B. ANS: D REF: p. 25 PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms DIF: Memorization 8. The subatomic particle that determines how an atom unites with other atoms is the a. proton. b. neutron. c. electron. d. both A and B. ANS: C REF: p. 26 PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms DIF: Memorization 9. An atom that contains 20 protons, 21 neutrons, and 20 electrons has an atomic number of a. 20. b. 41. c. 40. d. 61. ANS: A TOP: Atoms PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 25 10. An atom that contains 20 protons, 21 neutrons, and 20 electrons has an atomic mass of a. 20. b. 41. c. 40. d. 61. ANS: B TOP: Atoms PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 25 11. An atom that contains 20 protons, 21 neutrons, and 20 electrons has a. a positive charge. b. a negative charge. c. no charge (electrically neutral). d. not enough information is given to determine its charge. ANS: C TOP: Atoms PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 25 12. Which of these elements is not one of the four elements that make up most of the human body? a. Carbon b. Nitrogen c. Oxygen d. Calcium ANS: D REF: p. 26 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 13. Bonds that usually dissociate in water to form electrolytes are _____ bonds. a. ionic b. covalent c. organic d. both B and C ANS: A REF: p. 27 PTS: 1 TOP: Ionic bonds DIF: Memorization 14. The bonds formed when electrons are shared are called a. electrolytes. b. ionic bonds. c. covalent bonds. d. inorganic bonds. ANS: C REF: p. 27 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Covalent bonds 15. The process of dehydration synthesis a. uses water to turn large molecules into smaller ones. b. adds a molecule of water to the reactants. c. converts smaller molecules into larger ones by removing water. d. both A and B. ANS: C REF: p. 29 PTS: 1 TOP: Water DIF: Memorization 16. The process of hydrolysis a. uses water to turn large molecules into smaller ones. b. removes a molecule of water from the reactants. c. converts smaller molecules into larger molecules by removing water. d. both B and C. ANS: A REF: p. 29 PTS: 1 TOP: Water DIF: Memorization 17. Acids have a. a pH less than 7. b. more H+ ions than OH− ions. c. more OH− than H+ ions. d. both A and B. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 18. Bases have a. a pH less than 7. b. more H+ ions than OH− ions. c. a pH greater than 7. d. both A and B. ANS: C REF: p. 30 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 19. A solution with a pH of 4 a. has 100 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 2. b. has 100 times fewer H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 2. c. has 100 times fewer H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 6. d. is basic. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 30 20. The end product of a reaction between a strong acid and a strong base is a. water. b. a salt. c. a weak acid and a weak base. d. both A and B. ANS: D REF: p. 30 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 21. Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide? a. Sucrose b. Glucose c. Lactose d. Glycogen ANS: B REF: p. 31 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates 22. Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide? a. Sucrose b. Glucose c. Lactose d. Glycogen ANS: D REF: p. 31 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates 23. Triglycerides a. are steroid lipids. b. have a phosphorus-containing unit on one end. c. have two fatty acids. d. have three fatty acids. ANS: D REF: p. 32 PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids DIF: Memorization 24. Phospholipids a. contain glycerol. b. contain two fatty acids. c. contain three fatty acids. d. both A and B. ANS: D REF: p. 32 PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids DIF: Memorization 25. Cholesterol a. contains three fatty acids. b. contains two fatty acids. c. is a steroid lipid. d. contains glycerol. ANS: C REF: p. 33 PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids DIF: Memorization 26. Which of the following is not true of proteins? a. They have water-repelling tails. b. They are made up of amino acids. c. They contain nitrogen. d. They contain peptide bonds. ANS: A REF: p. 33 PTS: 1 TOP: Proteins DIF: Memorization 27. Which of the following is a structural protein? a. Collagen b. Keratin c. Enzymes d. Both A and B ANS: D REF: p. 34 PTS: 1 TOP: Proteins DIF: Memorization 28. Which of the following is a functional protein? a. Collagen b. Keratin c. Enzymes d. Both A and B ANS: C REF: p. 34 PTS: 1 TOP: Proteins DIF: Memorization 29. Which of the following substances is not found in a DNA nucleotide? a. Phosphate unit b. Glycerol molecule c. Nitrogen base d. A sugar ANS: B REF: p. 35 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids 30. Which substance is found only in DNA? a. Adenine b. Guanine c. Thymine d. Cytosine ANS: C REF: p. 35 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids 31. The nitrogen atom has a total of seven electrons. To have a full outer energy level, it would have to a. add one electron. b. lose one electron. c. add three electrons. d. lose two electrons. ANS: C TOP: Atoms PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 26 32. Which type of chemical bond does not result in the formation of a new molecule? a. Hydrogen bond b. Ionic bond c. Covalent bond d. None of the above; all chemical bonds result in the formation of a new molecule. ANS: A REF: p. 28 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Hydrogen bonds MATCHING Match each part of the atom with its corresponding description. a. Protons b. Neutrons c. Electrons d. Both protons and neutrons 1. 2. 3. 4. Part of the atom that is found in the nucleus Part of the atom that is found in orbitals around the nucleus Part of the atom that gives an atom its atomic number Part of the atom that when combined with the protons gives the atom its atomic mass 1. ANS: D REF: p. 25 2. ANS: C REF: p. 25 3. ANS: A REF: p. 25 4. ANS: B PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: 1 Atoms 1 Atoms 1 Atoms 1 DIF: Memorization DIF: Memorization DIF: Memorization DIF: Memorization REF: p. 25 TOP: Atoms Match each organic compound with its corresponding description. a. Carbohydrates b. Triglycerides c. Phospholipids d. Cholesterol e. Proteins f. RNA g. DNA 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Compound whose basic unit is a monosaccharide Nucleic acid that contains the nitrogen base uracil Lipid that is used to make hormones such as estrogen and testosterone Nucleic acid that contains the nitrogen base thymine Lipid that is composed of a molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids Lipid that has two fatty acids and is important in the cell membrane Can be enzymes 5. ANS: A REF: p. 31 6. ANS: F REF: p. 35 7. ANS: D REF: p. 33 8. ANS: G REF: p. 35 9. ANS: B REF: p. 32 10. ANS: C REF: p. 32 11. ANS: E REF: p. 34 PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: 1 DIF: Carbohydrates 1 DIF: Nucleic acids 1 DIF: Lipids 1 DIF: Nucleic acids 1 DIF: Lipids 1 DIF: Lipids 1 DIF: Proteins Memorization Memorization Memorization Memorization Memorization Memorization Memorization Match each term with its corresponding description or definition. a. Nucleus b. Ionic bond c. Atomic mass d. Compound e. Electrolyte f. Atomic number g. Covalent bonds h. Orbitals i. Hydrolysis j. Dehydration synthesis k. Acid l. Base 12. Part of the atom in which electrons are found 13. Equal to the number of protons an atom has 14. Molecules that form ions when dissolved in water 15. Process by which reactants combine only after hydrogen and oxygen atoms have been 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. removed Compound that produces H+ ions Part of the atom in which protons are found Bond formed when oppositely charged atoms are attracted to one another Compound that produces OH−ions Equal to the number of protons and neutrons in an atom Process by which water is used to break larger molecules into smaller molecules Bond that is formed when electrons are shared A molecule that contains more than one type of atom 12. ANS: H REF: p. 25 13. ANS: F REF: p. 25 14. ANS: E REF: p. 27 15. ANS: J REF: p. 29 16. ANS: K REF: p. 30 17. ANS: A REF: p. 25 18. ANS: B REF: p. 27 19. ANS: L REF: p. 30 20. ANS: C REF: p. 25 21. ANS: I REF: p. 29 22. ANS: G REF: p. 27 23. ANS: D REF: p. 26 PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: PTS: TOP: 1 DIF: Memorization Atoms 1 DIF: Memorization Atoms 1 DIF: Memorization Ionic bonds 1 DIF: Memorization Water 1 DIF: Memorization Acids, bases, and salts 1 DIF: Memorization Atoms 1 DIF: Memorization Ionic bonds 1 DIF: Memorization Acids, bases, and salts 1 DIF: Memorization Atoms 1 DIF: Memorization Water 1 DIF: Memorization Covalent bonds 1 DIF: Memorization Elements, molecules, and compounds SHORT ANSWER 1. Name the three parts of the atom, and give a description of each. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms DIF: Memorization 2. Explain how an ionic bond forms. ANS: REF: p. 25 Answers will vary. PTS: 1 TOP: Ionic bonds DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 3. Explain how a covalent bond forms. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Covalent bonds REF: pp. 27-28 4. Explain the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 TOP: Water DIF: Memorization REF: p. 29 5. Describe the difference between an acid solution and a base solution by comparing the types and relative concentrations of ions in each. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 30 6. Explain the relationship among H+ ion concentration, OH− ion concentration, and pH. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 30 7. Describe the structures of carbohydrates, and explain their use in the body. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates REF: p. 31 8. Describe the three types of lipids, and give the function of each. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 32-33 TOP: Lipids 9. Describe the structure of a protein, and give examples of structural proteins and functional proteins. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 TOP: Proteins DIF: Memorization REF: pp. 33-34 10. Explain the structure of a nucleic acid, and list the differences between RNA and DNA. ANS: Answers will vary. PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids REF: p. 35 TRUE/FALSE 1. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. ANS: T REF: p. 25 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Levels of chemical organization 2. The mass of an atom is determined by the total number of protons and electrons. ANS: F REF: p. 25 PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms DIF: Memorization 3. The two subatomic particles found in the nucleus of the atom are protons and neutrons. ANS: T REF: p. 25 PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms DIF: Memorization 4. A full atomic orbital always contains eight electrons. ANS: F REF: p. 25 PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms DIF: Memorization 5. The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons plus the number of electrons. ANS: F REF: p. 25 PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms DIF: Memorization 6. The closer an orbital is to the nucleus of an atom, the higher its energy level. ANS: F REF: p. 25 PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms DIF: Memorization 7. An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons has an atomic number of 11. ANS: T TOP: Atoms PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 25 8. An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons has an atomic mass of 21. ANS: F TOP: Atoms PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 25 9. An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons has a +1 charge. ANS: T TOP: Atoms PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 25 10. An element is a substance composed of only one type of atom. ANS: T REF: p. 26 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 11. All molecules are not necessarily compounds. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds REF: p. 26 12. Chemical bonds form when atoms share, donate, or borrow electrons. ANS: T REF: p. 27 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Chemical bonding 13. Ionic bonds result from atoms sharing electrons. ANS: F REF: p. 27 PTS: 1 TOP: Ionic bonds DIF: Memorization 14. When an ionic compound is put into water, it dissociates into ions. ANS: T REF: p. 27 PTS: 1 TOP: Ionic bonds DIF: Memorization 15. Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons. ANS: T REF: p. 27 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Covalent bonds 16. When a covalent compound is put into water, it dissociates into ions. ANS: F REF: p. 27 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Covalent bonds 17. For a compound to be considered an organic compound it must have a C-O or an H-O bond. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 29 TOP: Inorganic chemistry 18. Water is the most abundant organic compound in the body. ANS: F REF: p. 29 PTS: 1 TOP: Water DIF: Memorization 19. The process of dehydration synthesis makes bigger molecules from smaller molecules. ANS: T REF: p. 29 PTS: 1 TOP: Water DIF: Memorization 20. The process of dehydration synthesis has water as one of its end products. ANS: T REF: p. 29 PTS: 1 TOP: Water DIF: Memorization 21. The process of hydrolysis has water as one of its end products. ANS: F REF: p. 29 PTS: 1 TOP: Water DIF: Memorization 22. One of the end products of hydrolysis would have one more hydrogen atom than it did at the beginning of the reaction. ANS: T TOP: Water PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 29 23. Acids have a higher concentration of H+ ions than OH− ions. ANS: T REF: p. 30 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 24. Bases have a higher concentration of OH− ions than H+ ions. ANS: T REF: p. 30 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 25. A solution with a pH of 8 has more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 4. ANS: F PTS: 1 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts DIF: Application REF: p. 30 26. A solution with a pH of 5 has more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 7. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts DIF: Application REF: p. 30 27. A solution with a pH of 2 has 10 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 3. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts DIF: Application REF: p. 30 28. When a strong acid and a strong base react, one of the end products is water. ANS: T REF: p. 30 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 29. A weak acid almost completely dissociates in water. ANS: F REF: p. 30 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 30. When a strong acid and a strong base react, one of the end products is a salt. ANS: T REF: p. 31 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 31. A buffer is a substance that resists a sudden change in pH. ANS: T REF: p. 31 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 32. The basic unit of a carbohydrate is a monosaccharide. ANS: T REF: p. 31 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates 33. A molecule of glucose is larger than a molecule of sucrose. ANS: F PTS: 1 TOP: Carbohydrates DIF: Application REF: p. 31 34. Sucrose is an example of a disaccharide. ANS: T REF: p. 31 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates 35. Glycogen and starch are both examples of polysaccharides. ANS: T REF: p. 31 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates 36. The process of dehydration synthesis could be used to convert a monosaccharide into a disaccharide. ANS: T PTS: 1 TOP: Water and carbohydrates DIF: Synthesis 37. Both fats and oils are lipids. ANS: T REF: p. 32 PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids DIF: Memorization REF: p. 29 | p. 31 38. A triglyceride contains two fatty acid molecules. ANS: F REF: p. 32 PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids DIF: Memorization 39. A triglyceride contains a molecule of glycerol. ANS: T REF: p. 32 PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids DIF: Memorization 40. Phospholipids contain three fatty acids. ANS: F REF: p. 32 PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids DIF: Memorization 41. Phospholipids are important molecules in the cell membrane. ANS: T REF: p. 32 PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids DIF: Memorization 42. Cholesterol is a steroid lipid. ANS: T REF: p. 33 PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids DIF: Memorization 43. Cholesterol contains two fatty acid molecules. ANS: F REF: p. 33 PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids DIF: Memorization 44. Cholesterol is needed for the formation of several hormones in the body. ANS: T REF: p. 33 PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids DIF: Memorization 45. The basic building block of proteins is nucleotides. ANS: F REF: p. 33 PTS: 1 TOP: Proteins DIF: Memorization 46. The basic building blocks of protein are held together by peptide bonds. ANS: T REF: p. 33 PTS: 1 TOP: Proteins DIF: Memorization 47. Structural proteins include collagen, keratin, and enzymes. ANS: F REF: p. 34 PTS: 1 TOP: Proteins DIF: Memorization 48. Enzymes are functional proteins that act as chemical catalysts. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 34 TOP: Proteins 49. The basic building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides. ANS: T REF: p. 35 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids 50. DNA and RNA molecules are identical except that DNA contains thymine and RNA contains uracil. ANS: F PTS: 1 TOP: Nucleic acids DIF: Application REF: p. 35 51. The nitrogen bases adenine, guanine, and cytosine can be found in both RNA and DNA. ANS: T REF: p. 35 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids 52. One difference between DNA and RNA is the type of sugar found in the nucleotides. ANS: T REF: p. 35 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids 53. The smallest unit of matter is the electron. ANS: F REF: p. 25 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Levels of chemical organization 54. The oxygen atom has a total of eight electrons. That means it has six electrons in its outer energy level. ANS: T TOP: Atoms PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: p. 26 55. The number of electrons in the outer energy level of an atom determines how it behaves chemically. ANS: T REF: p. 26 PTS: 1 TOP: Atoms DIF: Memorization 56. The formula for glucose is C6H12O6. This indicates that there are 24 atoms in a molecule of glucose. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds REF: p. 27 57. The electrolyte most often formed by magnesium (Mg) is Mg++. This shows that the ion has two more electrons than protons. ANS: F TOP: Ionic bonds PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 27 58. Water is the most common solute in the human body. ANS: F REF: p. 29 PTS: 1 TOP: Water DIF: Memorization 59. Both sucrose and lactose are examples of disaccharides. ANS: T REF: p. 31 PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates 60. Fats tend to be solids at room temperature. ANS: T REF: p. 32 PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids DIF: Memorization 61. Both cholesterol and phospholipids form part of the structure of the cell membrane. ANS: T REF: p. 32 PTS: 1 TOP: Lipids DIF: Memorization 62. The lock-and-key model describes how two strands of DNA are able to join so precisely to form a double helix. ANS: F REF: p. 34 PTS: 1 TOP: Proteins DIF: Memorization