Test Bank For The American Pageant: A History of the American People, 17th Edition

Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: The Contest for North America 1. The settlement founded in the early 1600s that was the most consequential for the future United States was the a. Spanish at Santa Fe in 1610. b. French at Quebec in 1608. c. English at Jamestown in 1607. d. English at Massachusetts Bay in 1621. e. French at Saint Augustine in 1611. ANSWER: c 2. The soldier and explorer whose leadership in establishing French colonies earned him the title “Father of New France” was a. Samuel de Champlain. b. Robert de La Salle. c. Antoine Cadillac. d. Des Moines. e. Edward Vincennes. ANSWER: a 3. France was finally able to join in the scramble for colonies in the New World as a result of the a. Protestant takeover of the French government. b. end of the religious wars. c. revocation of the Edict of Nantes. d. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. e. Seven Years’ War. ANSWER: b 4. During the early settlement of Quebec, the actions of Samuel de Champlain a. illustrated a lack of French interest in developing political and economic relations with Indian tribes of the region. b. led to France’s lasting alliance with the Iroquois tribes. c. were marked by tension and violence with the Hurons. d. included forging a pivotal alliance with the Hurons that inspired the lasting hatred of the Iroquois. e. angered the government of King Louis XIV of France. ANSWER: d 5. Government in New France (Canada) was a. almost completely autocratic. b. democratic. c. similar to that of the English colonies. d. noted for its trial by jury. e. free from the king’s control. ANSWER: a 6. The population in Catholic New France grew very slowly because a. French peasants had no economic motive to move to the colonies. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: The Contest for North America b. the Protestant Huguenots refused to move there. c. the French government was more concerned with its South American colonies. d. disease took a heavy toll on New France’s inhabitants. e. of constant attacks by the Huron Indians. ANSWER: a 7. The coureurs de bois and the voyaguers a. were critical French military divisions that helped France gain and retain political control of Québec. b. were allied with Jesuit missionaries in achieving similar goals and objectives for the Indians in New France. c. played critical roles in recruiting local Indian tribes to develop the French fur business in New France. d. declined to utilize regional Indian tribes to advance their economic goals and objectives in New France. e. failed to influence the economic development of New France in any significant way. ANSWER: c 8. The Indians suffered from their association with the French in New France in all of the following ways EXCEPT a. exclusion from the fur business. b. decimation of their numbers by the white man’s diseases. c. violation of their religious beliefs about slaughtering animals. d. debauchery by the white man’s alcohol. e. weakening of their traditional way of life. ANSWER: a 9. The Jesuit priests, despite their initial failure in gaining converts, played a vital role because a. of the many converts to Catholicism. b. of the health care they provided. c. they made peace with the Indians. d. they encouraged the Indians to participate in the fur trade. e. of their exploration and work as geographers. ANSWER: e 10. The French wanted to control the interior basin of Louisiana because they a. liked its climate. b. wanted to keep the area unfortified. c. sought to block imperial encroachment by Spain in the Gulf of Mexico region. d. feared Dutch expansion into the territory. e. saw it as a dumping ground for undesirables. ANSWER: c 11. French motives in the New World included the desire to a. establish agricultural communities to produce profitable staple crops. b. convert Indians to Protestantism. c. compete with Spain for an empire in America. d. provide a place for French religious dissenters to settle. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: The Contest for North America e. compete with Portugal for an empire in America. ANSWER: c 12. The early wars between France and Britain in North America were notable for the a. large number of troops committed by both sides. b. lack of Indian participation. c. carryover of European tactics to America. d. use of primitive guerrilla warfare. e. advanced technology used during the warfare. ANSWER: d 13. Which word best describes England’s efforts in the 1500s to compete with the Spanish Empire? a. indifferent b. competitive c. aggressive d. domineering e. influential ANSWER: a 14. Identify the statement that is false. a. England took little interest in establishing its own overseas colonies in the first half of the 16th century. b. English society was disrupted by religious conflict when King Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1530s. c. The Protestant Reformation resulted in years of a seesaw of the balance of power between Catholics and Protestants throughout England. d. Spain and England were long-time and bitter enemies in the first half of the 16th century. e. When Elizabeth ascended to the English throne in 1558, the rivalry with Spain intensified. ANSWER: d 15. The English treatment of the Irish, under the reign of Elizabeth I, can best be described as a. firm but fair. b. better than their treatment of any English subjects. c. the prime example of salutary neglect. d. violent and unjust. e. supportive of their Catholic faith. ANSWER: d 16. Match each individual on the left with the correct phrase on the right. A. B. Francis Drake Walter Raleigh 1. C. Humphrey Gilbert 2. 3. “sea dog” who plundered the treasure ships of the Spanish Main adventurer who tried but failed to establish a colony in Newfoundland explorer whose voyage in 1498 established England’s territorial claims in the New World Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: The Contest for North America 4. 5. courtier whose colony at Roanoke Island was mysteriously abandoned in the 1580s colonizer who helped establish tobacco as a cash crop in Georgia a. A-2, B-1, C-3 b. A-1, B-4, C-2 c. A-3, B-2, C-1 d. A-4, B-3, C-2 e. A-5, B-4, C-1 ANSWER: b 17. Spain’s dreams of empire began to fade with the a. War of Spanish Succession. b. defeat of the Spanish Armada. c. loss of Brazil. d. Treaty of Tordesillas. e. conquest of Mexico by Portugal. ANSWER: b 18. The first English attempt at colonization in 1585 was in a. Newfoundland. b. St. Augustine. c. Jamestown. d. Roanoke Island. e. Massachusetts Bay. ANSWER: d 19. England’s defeat of the Spanish Armada a. led to a Franco-Spanish alliance that prevented England from establishing its own American colonies. b. allowed England to take control of Spain’s American colonies. c. demonstrated that Spanish Catholicism was inferior to English Protestantism. d. helped to ensure England’s naval dominance in the North Atlantic. e. occurred despite weather conditions, which favored Spain. ANSWER: d 20. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Reformation, (B) founding of Jamestown colony, (C) Restoration, (D) defeat of the Spanish Armada, and (E) colony of Georgia founded. a. A, B, C, D, E b. C, A, D, B, E c. D, A, B, C, E d. A, D, B, C, E e. E, D, A, C, B ANSWER: d Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: The Contest for North America 21. Identify the statement that is false. a. England’s victory over the Spanish Armada helped ensure England’s naval dominance in the North Atlantic. b. England never experienced any religious unity or stability as it continued to have years and years of bloody warfare over religious radicalism. c. England’s victory over the Spanish Armada started England on its way to becoming master of the world oceans. d. England had a strong, unified national state under a popular monarch. e. England had a strong vibrant sense of nationalism and national destiny. ANSWER: b 22. The spirit of the English on the eve of colonization included all of the following EXCEPT a. restlessness. b. limited patriotism. c. curiosity about the unknown. d. thirst for adventure. e. self-confidence. ANSWER: b 23. On the eve of its colonizing adventure, England possessed a a. unified national state. b. measure of religious unity. c. sense of nationalism. d. popular monarch. e. All of these are correct. ANSWER: e 24. All of the following were true of England as the 17th century opened up EXCEPT a. a large population boom. b. enclosing crop lands, thus forcing small farmers off the land. c. increasing unemployment. d. economic depression hit, displacing thousands of farmers. e. desolate cities with a decreasing population. ANSWER: e 25. ____ decreed that only eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates. a. The ancestry laws b. The laws of primogeniture c. joint-stock companies d. laws of inheritance e. treaty of the elders ANSWER: b 26. The financial means for England’s first permanent colonization in America were provided by a. a joint-stock company. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: The Contest for North America b. a royal proprietor. c. Queen Elizabeth II. d. the law of primogeniture. e. an expanding wool trade. ANSWER: a 27. All of the following provided motives for English colonization except a. unemployment. b. thirst for adventure. c. desire for markets. d. desire for religious freedom. e. need for a place to exploit slave labor. ANSWER: e 28. The Virginia Charter guaranteed that English settlers in the New World would a. receive land parcels of 40 acres each. b. enjoy freedom of religion. c. be entitled to establish a separate government from that of England. d. retain the rights of Englishmen. e. conduct trade only with England and those countries approved by the British government. ANSWER: d 29. The early years at Jamestown were mainly characterized by a. starvation, disease, and frequent Indian raids. b. economic prosperity. c. constant fear of Spanish invasion. d. major technological advancement. e. peace with the Native Americans. ANSWER: a 30. Despite an abundance of fish and game, early Jamestown settlers continued to starve because a. they had neither weapons nor fishing gear. b. their fear of Indians prevented them from venturing too far from the town. c. they were unaccustomed to fending for themselves and wasted time looking for gold. d. they lacked leaders to organize efficient hunting and fishing parties. e. there were not enough gentlemen to organize the work force. ANSWER: c 31. Captain John Smith’s role at Jamestown can best be described as a. very limited. b. saving the colony from collapse. c. persuading the colonists to continue their hunt for gold. d. worsening the colonists’ relationship with the Indians. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: The Contest for North America e. reducing the terrible death toll. ANSWER: b 32. Chief Powhatan had Captain John Smith kidnapped in order to a. impress Smith with his power and show the Indian’s desire for peace. b. demonstrate the Indians’ desire for war. c. punish Smith for refusing to marry Pocahontas. d. hold him for a large ransom to be paid by King James. e. save the Virginia community from utter collapse. ANSWER: a 33. Pocahontas saved Captain John Smith by a. agreeing to marry him. b. interposing her head between his and his captor’s clubs. c. pleading with her father on Smith’s behalf. d. nursing him back to health after a battle with her tribe. e. All of these are correct. ANSWER: b 34. Of the 400 settlers who managed to make it to Virginia, only 60 survived the “starving time” winter of a. 1601-1602. b. 1609-1610. c. 1621-1622. d. 1634-1635. e. 1645-1646. ANSWER: b 35. When Lord De La Warr took control of Jamestown in 1610, he a. halted the rapid population decline. b. re-established better relations with the Indians. c. brought many Irish immigrants with him. d. died within a few months of his arrival. e. imposed a harsh military regime on the colony. ANSWER: e 36. Relations between the English colonists and the Powhatan were at first conciliatory, but remained tense, especially a. when the English attempted to capture all the Indians from his tribe. b. as the Indians attempted to assimilate into the English culture. c. as the starving colonists took to raiding Indian food supplies. d. when the Indians joined tribes in the Powhatan Confederacy to unite against the English. e. when Powhatan allied with the Spanish. ANSWER: c 37. A peace settlement ended the First Anglo-Powhatan War in 1614 by the Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: The Contest for North America a. marriage of Pocahontas to the colonist John Rolfe. b. mass killing of the entire Powhatan tribe. c. English agreeing to give up all land in Virginia to the Powhatan tribe. d. Powhatan tribe agreeing to give up all land in Virginia to the English. e. agreement of John Rolfe and Pocahontas to divorce. ANSWER: a 38. The result of the Second Anglo-Powhatan War in 1644 can best be described as a. halting white settlement on the frontier. b. returning the Chesapeake Indians to their ancestral lands. c. making peaceful coexistence possible between the European and native peoples. d. ending any chance of assimilating the native peoples into Virginia society. e. bringing together areas of white and Indian settlement. ANSWER: d 39. After the Second Anglo-Powhatan War, the Powhatan tribe a. were banned from their ancestral lands by the 1646 peace treaty. b. were forced to live in separate designated areas away from white settlers. c. were isolated in an early form of what would become the reservation system. d. were considered extinct by the English in 1685. e. All of these are correct. ANSWER: e 40. Identify the statement that is false. a. The Powhatans were extremely resistant to European-borne maladies, unlike their other Indian counterparts. b. The Powhatans, despite their apparent cohesiveness, lacked the unity with which to make effective opposition to the well-organized whites. c. The Powhatans served no economic function for the Virginia colonists. d. Once the English settlers began growing their own food crops, the Powhatans had no valuable commodities to offer them in commerce. e. The Indian presence frustrated the colonists, they desperately wanted their land. ANSWER: a 41. The native peoples of Virginia (Powhatans) succumbed to the Europeans because they a. died in large numbers from European diseases. b. lacked the unity necessary to resist the well-organized whites. c. were no longer a resource for food once the Virginians began growing their own crops. d. were not a reliable labor source and could be disposed of without harming the colonial economy. e. All of these are correct. ANSWER: e 42. The introduction of horses brought about significant change in the lives of the Lakotas; from this they a. were forced to move to the west. b. became sedentary forest dwellers. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: The Contest for North America c. died out. d. lost their oral traditions. e. became nomadic hunters. ANSWER: e 43. The biggest disrupter of Native American life was a. introduction of horses. b. loss of culture. c. disease. d. fire arms. e. the formation of new tribes. ANSWER: c 44. The Indians who had the greatest opportunity to adapt to the European incursion were a. those living on the Atlantic seaboard. b. those in Florida. c. inland tribes such as the Algonquians. d. those in Latin America. e. the Pueblos. ANSWER: c 45. Which colony was defeated by the Dutch during a bloodless siege in 1655? a. New York b. New Amsterdam c. New England d. New Sweden e. New France ANSWER: d 46. What was one problem faced by the Dutch colonies? a. religious persecution within the colony b. attacks from the Iroquois c. crop failures and mass starvation d. military aggression from the Swedish e. shareholders demanded dividends at the expense of the colony’s welfare ANSWER: e 47. What was one of the legacies of the Dutch in the colony of New York? a. a spirit of fierce individualism b. religious intolerance c. an autocratic spirit d. liberal values e. preference for urban development Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 9 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: The Contest for North America ANSWER: c 48. Who was the director-general who defeated the Swedish, but ultimately surrendered to the English? a. Lord Baltimore b. Charles II c. Peter Stuyvesant d. Duke of York e. Henry Hudson ANSWER: c 49. Who were the coureurs de bois? a. French military leaders who fought the Spanish b. French fur-trappers in North America c. French monarchs who funded colonies in New France d. French colonists seeking religious freedom e. English soldiers who surrendered to the French ANSWER: b 50. In addition to their religious activities, what role did Jesuits often play in the New World? a. generals b. fur-traders c. explorers d. soldiers e. colony shareholders ANSWER: c 51. Which explorer founded Detroit? a. Antoine Cadillac b. Peter Stuyvesant c. Henry Hudson d. The Duke of York e. Charles II ANSWER: a 52. Why were French peasants reluctant to leave for New France? a. They couldn’t afford the sea voyage. b. They believed the colonies were religiously intolerant toward Catholics. c. They did have the necessary farming skills. d. They didn’t want to be far from Rome. e. they were afraid it was cold and dangerous. ANSWER: e 53. What was the first enduring Spanish settlement in the Southwest? a. Santa Fe Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 10 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: The Contest for North America b. Mexico City c. Austin d. New Iberia e. San Diego ANSWER: a 54. What was the primary activity of Spanish settlements in Florida and New Mexico? a. military b. economic c. missionary d. exploration e. fur-trading ANSWER: c 55. Who did the French crown grant limited toleration to with the Edict of Nantes in 1598? a. Catholics b. French Protestants c. Dutch traders d. English Puritans e. Spanish missionaries ANSWER: b 56. Who was the “Father of New France”? a. Charles II b. Louis XIV c. Henry Hudson d. Jacques Cartier e. Samuel de Champlain ANSWER: e 57. What was the main driving force of French exploration into the interior of North America? a. missionary aspirations b. the search for beaver pelts c. empire building d. the large influx of colonists from France e. orders from the monarchy ANSWER: b 58. Which European power settled the first enduring colony in the New World? a. Spain b. Sweden c. France d. England Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 11 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: The Contest for North America e. Portugal ANSWER: d 59. Which U.S. state was part of Louisiana a. Missouri b. Virginia c. California d. Rhode Island e. Maryland ANSWER: a 60. What international event contributed to a flowering of English nationalist spirit? a. the defeat of the Spanish Armada b. the seven years’ war c. the discovery of North America d. the creation of the Dutch East-Indies Company e. the settling of Jamestown ANSWER: a 61. Why was the charter of the Virginia colony significant? a. It ended the English civil war. b. It guaranteed overseas settlers the same rights as English-men. c. It established self-governance for the colonists. d. It reduced taxes on colonists in English territories. e. It recognized the right of the Dutch to settle in North America. ANSWER: b 62. The first failed English colony was a. St. Augustine. b. Jamestown. c. New York. d. Baltimore. e. Roanoke. ANSWER: e 63. What was the Spanish Armada? a. the second wave of Spanish settlers in the Southwest b. an alliance between Spanish colonies against English aggression c. an alliance between Spanish missionaries and the military d. the navy of the Spanish empire e. the collective name for the Spanish explorers in Central America ANSWER: d 64. What was the goal of the Powhatans during the Second Anglo-Powhatan War? Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 12 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: The Contest for North America a. aid the English in their war with New France b. expand their dominance over the Iroquois c. dislodge the colonists at Jamestown d. force the English to negotiate better trade deals e. exact a land tax from the English settlers ANSWER: c 65. The attitude of Carolinians toward Indians can best be described as a. friendly. b. neutral. c. hostile. d. promoting interracial marriage. e. None of these are correct. ANSWER: c 66. The colony of Georgia was founded a. by a joint-stock company. b. as a defensive buffer against Spain for the valuable Carolinas. c. by eight proprietors chosen by Charles II. d. in the 17th century. e. to supply New England with much-needed African slaves. ANSWER: b 67. Georgia’s founders were determined to a. conquer Florida and add it to Britain’s empire. b. create a haven for people imprisoned for debt. c. keep Georgia for Catholics. d. restrict the colony to British citizens. e. establish slavery. ANSWER: b 68. Georgia grew very slowly for all of the following reasons EXCEPT a. its unhealthy climate. b. early restrictions on black slavery. c. Spanish attacks. d. John Oglethorpe’s leadership. e. lack of a plantation economy. ANSWER: d 69. The purpose of the periodic “mourning wars” was a. to avenge the deaths of Huron warriors. b. to stop the spread of European settlements. c. the result of diplomatic failures among the Indians. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 13 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: The Contest for North America d. to break up the Iroquois Confederacy. e. the large-scale adoption of captives and refugees. ANSWER: e 70. The Iroquois leader who helped his nation revive its old customs was a. Powhatan. b. Handsome Lake. c. Pocahontas. d. De La Warr. e. Pontiac. ANSWER: b 71. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about Iroquois society? a. Two families would live together in one longhouse. b. When a man married, he moved into the home of his wife and her family. c. Women dominated Iroquois society. d. All men’s connections and positions of prominence came from the maternal line. e. Five nations joined together to form the Iroquois Confederacy but maintained their independence. ANSWER: c 72. In the face of devastating diseases, war and dislocation, what strategy did dwindling Native American tribes use to survive? a. poisoning food supplies of colonists encroaching on tribal lands b. adding captive colonists as tribal members to increase their numbers c. merging with other tribes d. embracing the reservation system e. converting to Christianity ANSWER: c 73. Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia were similar in that they were all a. economically devoted to exporting commercial agricultural products, often a staple crop. b. proprietary colonies. c. founded after the restoration of Charles II to the throne. d. founded as refuges for persecuted religious sects in England. e. able to live in peace with the Native Americans. ANSWER: a 74. By 1750, all the southern plantation colonies a. based their economies on the production of staple crops for export. b. practiced slavery. c. provided tax support for the Church of England. d. had few large cities. e. All of these are correct. ANSWER: e Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 14 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: The Contest for North America 75. Arrange the following events in chronological order: the founding of (A) Georgia, (B) the Carolinas, (C) Virginia, and (D) Maryland. a. A, C, B, D b. B, D, C, A c. C, D, B, A d. D, C, B, A e. C, B, A, D ANSWER: c 76. All of the following were results of the Tuscarora War EXCEPT a. the crushing of the Tuscarora Indians by British colonists in North Carolina. b. the sale of hundreds of Tuscarora Indians into slavery by the victorious British colonists in North Carolina. c. Indian survivors of the Tuscaroran War wandering northward to seek protection from the Iroquois. d. The Tuscarora Indians eventually becoming the Sixth Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy. e. a cessation of all armed conflicts and hostilities between Indians and British colonists throughout the Carolinas. ANSWER: e 77. The defeat and the dispersal of the Yamasee Indians by South Carolinians in 1715 a. resulted in the devastation of virtually all of the coastal Indian tribes in the southern colonies by about 1720. b. proved to be a short-lived victory for the South Carolina colonists, as the Yamasees re-grouped and regained their lost coastal lands with the help of their Cherokee, Creek, and Iroquois allies. c. prompted the weakened Cherokees, Creeks, and Iroquois to abandon their settlements in the hills and valleys of the Appalachian Mountains and move westward. d. proved to be very unpopular among the many Carolinian colonists sympathetic to the Yamasee Indians. e. None of these are correct. ANSWER: a 78. All of the English plantation colonies in the South a. permitted some religious toleration. b. generally relied on the commercial export of profitable staple crops such as rice and tobacco. c. permitted slavery after 1750. d. lacked the development of large cities. e. all of the choices ANSWER: e 79. All of the following characteristics generally described the colonists of North Carolina EXCEPT they were a. poorer than the aristocratic neighbors in Virginia and South Carolina b. resistant to authority and independent-minded c. irreligious d. sympathetic to Indian tribes e. sturdy and adaptable to their physical environment ANSWER: d Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 15 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: The Contest for North America 80. Which of the following characteristics distinguished the community of Charleston, South Carolina? a. Charleston was religiously diverse community composed of French Protestant refugees, Jews, Catholics, and Anglicans. b. Charleston was dominated by “squatters.” c. Charleston lacked an aristocratic elite dominating the community. d. Charleston lacked a viable, busy seaport. e. None of these are correct. ANSWER: a 81. During the 1500s, England had little interest in establishing its own overseas colonies because a. it was Spain’s ally. b. it suffered from internal religious conflict. c. the French had already established their presence overseas. d. Henry VIII did not seek to increase England’s power. e. they did not have distractors to come. ANSWER: a, b 82. In American history, 1619 is important because in that year a. blacks from Africa first arrived in English America. b. tobacco was first cultivated in Jamestown. c. the House of Burgesses was established for the Virginia colony. d. Jamestown was founded. e. Puritans arrived in Massachusetts Bay. ANSWER: a, c 83. Originally, the Virginia Company intended to a. find a passage through America to the Indies. b. grow rice as a cash crop. c. guarantee its settlers the same rights as other English citizens. d. realize a quick profit from its investment. e. search for gold. ANSWER: a, c, d, e 84. Like Virginia, Maryland a. cultivated tobacco on plantations. b. was founded as a religious refuge. c. created a high demand for labor. d. was founded by a joint-stock company. e. had a house of Burgesses. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 16 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: The Contest for North America ANSWER: a, c 85. Identify and state the historical significance of Lord De La Warr. ANSWER: New governor of Jamestown sent to the New World by the Virginia Company. He imposed a harsh military regime on the colony. 86. Identify and state the historical significance of Pocahontas. ANSWER: The daughter of Powhatan. Her marriage to John Rolfe, marking the first known interracial marriage in Virginia, was part of a peace settlement that ended the First Anglo-Powhatan War in 1614. 87. Identify and state the historical significance of Powhatan. ANSWER: Leader of Indians in Virginia. He led what came to be called the Powhatan Confederacy. 88. Identify and state the historical significance of Handsome Lake. ANSWER: He was an Iroquois leader. He helped his nation revive its old customs. 89. Identify and state the historical significance of John Rolfe. ANSWER: Colonist at Jamestown. His marriage to Pocahontas, marking the first known interracial marriage in Virginia, was part of a peace settlement that ended the First Anglo-Powhatan War in 1614. 90. Identify and state the historical significance of John Smith. ANSWER: English captain and adventurer, he brought order and productivity to the colonies in Virginia insisting that in order to eat, one must work. 91. Identify and state the historical significance of Elizabeth I. ANSWER: Queen of England during the defeat of the Spanish Armada. She ushered in an unusually successful period of colonial expansion for England. 92. Identify and state the historical significance of the First Anglo-Powhatan War. ANSWER: First war between the English colonists in Virginia against Indians. Marked the introduction of “Irish tactics” like the burning of villages and the razing of crops. 93. What lessons do you think English colonists learned from their early Jamestown experience? Focus on matters of fulfilling expectations, financial support, leadership skills, and relations with the Indians. What specific developments illustrate that the English living in the plantation colonies tried to apply these lessons? ANSWER: Student answers will vary. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 17 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: The Contest for North America 94. In many ways, North Carolina was the least typical of the five plantation colonies. Describe the unique features of colonial North Carolina and explain why this colony was so unlike its southern neighbors. ANSWER: Student answers will vary. 95. Write your definition of progress. Then use this definition to demonstrate that the exploration, settlement, and colonization of America by British colonists in the 1600s and early 1700s did or did not lead to progress in human history. ANSWER: Student answers will vary. 96. Analyze the contribution to English overseas expansion in the early 1600s by three of the following developments: Economic depression and unemployment in England Thirst for new economic markets for English goods Peace with a defeated Spain Seeking gold and adventure by early colonial promoters and settlers Desire for religious freedom among religious minorities in England Seeking a passage through America to the Indies ANSWER: Student answers will vary. 97. Rank the items in the following list, starting with the one that you think had the most important consequences. Then justify your ranking. Finally, speculate as to what might have happened had these events not occurred. a. The cultivation of tobacco in Virginia b. The introduction of slavery into the plantation colonies c. The “enclosing” of croplands in England ANSWER: Student answers will vary. 98. Discuss English treatment of the Irish and its consequences for Anglo-Irish relations and for colonization and settlement in North America. ANSWER: Student answers will vary. 99. Compare and contrast the ways in which tobacco and sugar affected the social and economic development of colonial America. ANSWER: Student answers will vary. 100. Assess the validity of the following statement, by the end of the 16th century “Spain had overreached itself, sowing the seeds of its own decline.” ANSWER: Student answers will vary. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 18