Test Bank for Social Gerontology: A Multidisciplinary Perspective, 10th Edition

Chapter 2 Hooyman Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The United Nations defines population aging as rapid growth of the population a. aged 50 and older. b. aged 60 and older. c. aged 65 and older. d. aged 70 and older. Answer: b Topic: Global Trends Learning Objective: 2.1: Evaluate how “being old” is a relative term Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Easy 2. The definition of old age varies from country to country, in part because of a. variations in incidence of dementia. b. cultural and religious differences. c. differences in life expectancy. d. variations in family structure. Answer: c Topic: Global Trends Learning Objective: 2.1: Evaluate how “being old” is a relative term Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 3. In 1990, adults ________ were 9.2 percent of the world population, but by 2050 will make up 21 percent. a. 80 and older b. 70 and older c. 60 and older d. 50 and older Answer: c Topic: Global Trends Learning Objective: 2.1: Evaluate how “being old” is a relative term Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Easy 4. Between now and 2050, growth of the older population will be greatest in a. sub-Saharan Africa. b. Europe. c. India. d. China. Answer: a Topic: Global Trends Learning Objective: 2.1: Evaluate how “being old” is a relative term Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 5. The United States is far behind which country in life expectancy at birth? a. b. c. d. Japan China India Argentina Answer: d Topic: Global Trends Learning Objective: 2.1: Evaluate how “being old” is a relative term Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult 6. Which of the following factors underlies the increase in life expectancy? a. Decline in Alzheimer’s disease b. Decline in heart disease c. Decline in fertility rates d. Decline in cancer rates Answer: c Topic: Global Trends Learning Objective: 2.1: Evaluate how “being old” is a relative term Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 7. In Japan, low fertility rates and increased life expectancy have reached the point of causing generational conflicts known as a a. national crisis. b. tectonic shift. c. culture shift. d. demographic divide. Answer: d Topic: Global Trends Learning Objective: 2.1: Evaluate how “being old” is a relative term Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 8. To illustrate age distribution graphically in the less and more developed regions of the world, the shape of the graph changes—from a pyramid in 1970 to a cylinder shape in 2050—for which of these reasons? a. A larger number of people older than 60 and a larger number under 15 b. A smaller percentage of people older than 60 and a larger percentage under 15 c. A larger proportion of people older than 60 and a smaller proportion younger than 60 d. A large increase in the number of aging people worldwide Answer: c Topic: Global Trends Learning Objective: 2.1: Evaluate how “being old” is a relative term Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 9. A good way to get a sense of the relative age of a country’s population is to compare the a. average age. b. median age. c. proportional age. d. average marriage age. Answer: b Topic: Global Trends Learning Objective: 2.1: Evaluate how “being old” is a relative term Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 10. Early retirement and increased longevity have pressured the social welfare budgets of many countries, leading some to a. consider euthanasia. b. offer early retirement incentives. c. withdraw the existing safety net. d. raise the retirement age. Answer: d Topic: Global Trends Learning Objective: 2.1: Evaluate how “being old” is a relative term Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 11. Although some nations with shrinking worker pools have supported the labor market by allowing immigration of young workers, some countries are reluctant to take this step because of concerns about a. discrimination. b. restitution. c. assimilation. d. innovation. Answer: c Topic: Global Trends Learning Objective: 2.1: Evaluate how “being old” is a relative term Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate 12. The age-dependency ratio—a measure of the economic and social burden of an older population—is defined as the a. number of people over 65 years old per 100 workers. b. percentage of people in the population living on social security. c. number of unemployed people over 60. d. median number people retiring each year. Answer: a Topic: Global Trends Learning Objective: 2.1: Evaluate how “being old” is a relative term Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 13. Definitions of old age have traditionally rested on a. reaching an age defined by government agencies. b. reaching an age when businesses force employees to retire. c. maintaining the ability to support a household. d. controlling material and political resources. Answer: d Topic: Modernization and Older Adults’ Roles in Traditional Societies Learning Objective: 2.2: Review how the social position and experiences of older persons vary across cultures Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 14. One infrequently mentioned purpose of retirement is to a. make sure cruise ships are profitable. b. force older people out of the labor market. c. assure adequate child care for single parents. d. create more competition for skilled jobs. Answer: b Topic: Modernization and Older Adults’ Roles in Traditional Societies Learning Objective: 2.2: Review how the social position and experiences of older persons vary across cultures Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 15. Health technology, scientific technology, and education are characteristics of _______ that contribute to the lower status of older adults. a. modernization b. urbanization c. bureaucracy d. democracy Answer: a Topic: Modernization and Older Adults’ Roles in Traditional Societies Learning Objective: 2.2: Review how the social position and experiences of older persons vary across cultures Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Easy 16. A revival of interest in native identity and spirituality among some American Indian tribes has led to a. further denigration of their elders. b. Internet research on genealogy. c. higher esteem for elders who possess ritual knowledge. d. legislation to eliminate Native American dancing. Answer: c Topic: Modernization and Older Adults’ Roles in Traditional Societies Learning Objective: 2.2: Review how the social position and experiences of older persons vary across cultures Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 17. The effect of modernization on older people separates them socially, morally, and intellectually from a. civic leadership. b. churches, synagogues, and mosques. c. technology. d. younger people. Answer: d Topic: Modernization and Older Adults’ Roles in Traditional Societies Learning Objective: 2.2: Review how the social position and experiences of older persons vary across cultures Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 18. In China and Taiwan, a sense of reverence and deference toward elders is known as a. Hindu ethics. b. social responsibility. c. filial piety. d. Confucian universalism. Answer: c Topic: Modernization and Older Adults’ Roles in Traditional Societies Learning Objective: 2.2: Review how the social position and experiences of older persons vary across cultures Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 19. Despite a tradition of reverence for elders in Japan, the percentage of parents _________ declined from 87 percent in 1960 to 47 percent in 2005. a. living with their children b. living in poverty c. living on government assistance d. living above the national median income Answer: a Topic: Modernization and Older Adults’ Roles in Traditional Societies Learning Objective: 2.2: Review how the social position and experiences of older persons vary across cultures Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Easy 20. In Singapore, the government opened a special court where older persons can bring legal claims against a. the government for an increase in social security. b. their former employer for an increase in pension payments. c. their health care provider for not providing long-term care. d. their children for not providing them assistance in their old age. Answer: d Topic: Modernization and Older Adults’ Roles in Traditional Societies Learning Objective: 2.2: Review how the social position and experiences of older persons vary across cultures Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 21. Between 1970 and 2013, the percentage of immigrants in the U.S. population a. decreased. b. stayed the same. c. tripled. d. doubled. Answer: c Topic: Immigrants from Traditional Cultures to the United States Learning Objective: 2.3: Evaluate the characteristics of immigrants from traditional cultures Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Easy 22. The Immigration Reform Act of 1965 allowed an immigrant who obtained citizenship to a. apply for visas for family members. b. invite their parents to apply for permanent residence. c. import ethnic food from one’s country of origin. d. invite up to 10 family members to apply for permanent residence. Answer: b Topic: Immigrants from Traditional Cultures to the United States Learning Objective: 2.3: Evaluate the characteristics of immigrants from traditional cultures Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 23. Biculturalism is a concept that a. applies only to a country or region. b. is easy for elder immigrants to accept. c. refers to integrating two cultures into one’s lifestyle. d. allows elder immigrants to remain roles models. Answer: c Topic: Immigrants from Traditional Cultures to the United States Learning Objective: 2.3: Evaluate the characteristics of immigrants from traditional cultures Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 24. The longer elder immigrants are in the United States, a. the less dependent they are on government social services. b. the less need they have to speak English. c. the more they rely on family social support systems. d. the more peripheral they are to their children’s nuclear families. Answer: d Topic: Immigrants from Traditional Cultures to the United States Learning Objective: 2.3: Evaluate the characteristics of immigrants from traditional cultures Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 25. Because of the interconnectedness of most nations in today’s global economy, the aging crisis could result in a. rejection of modernization. b. social stratification. c. a domino effect. d. increased urbanization. Answer: c Topic: Immigrants from Traditional Cultures to the United States Learning Objective: 2.3: Evaluate the characteristics of immigrants from traditional cultures Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate SHORT ANSWER 26. Why are life expectancies increasing in developing countries? Briefly describe the factors leading to this increase. Topic: Global Trends Learning Objective: 2.1: Evaluate how “being old” is a relative term 27. Why is the population growth of older adults more pronounced in less-developed regions of the world than in more-developed regions? What factors are driving this increase in the number of older adults in third-world countries? Topic: Global Trends Learning Objective: 2.1: Evaluate how “being old” is a relative term 28. What are the implications of the increase in older-adult populations projected in sub-Saharan Africa? What is the anticipated effect on public health and other issues? Topic: Global Trends Learning Objective: 2.1: Evaluate how “being old” is a relative term 29. Explain why the aging and low-fertility problem in Japan is being closely followed by other countries. Topic: Global Trends Learning Objective: 2.1: Evaluate how “being old” is a relative term 30. What kind of resources other than wealth do older adults have in traditional societies? How can they use these resources to retain power? Topic: Modernization and Older Adults’ Roles in Traditional Societies Learning Objective: 2.2: Review how the social position and experiences of older persons vary across cultures 31. How does urbanization challenge and limit the traditional power sources of older people? Topic: Modernization and Older Adults’ Roles in Traditional Societies Learning Objective: 2.2: Review how the social position and experiences of older persons vary across cultures 32. Why are older immigrants in the United States uncertain that they can rely on their adult children for care and support? Topic: Immigrants from Traditional Cultures to the United States Learning Objective: 2.3: Evaluate the characteristics of immigrants from traditional cultures 33. How can the domino effect of economic recession in one country eventually affect the wellbeing of older persons in another country? Topic: Immigrants from Traditional Cultures to the United States Learning Objective: 2.3: Evaluate the characteristics of immigrants from traditional cultures ESSAY 34. What is the connection between more people living longer lives and lower fertility rates? Write a 1- to 2-page essay describing this relationship and the kinds of societal issues and problems emerging from this situation. How does China’s one-child policy exacerbate these problems? Learning Objective(s) 2.1: Evaluate how “being old” is a relative term 35. In developed countries, life expectancy increases are putting pressure on pension systems such as Social Security. What solutions to this issue are proposed, and why are they difficult to implement? Write a 1- to 2-page paper in which you identify at least three potential solutions and potential problems with each solution. Learning Objective(s) 2.1: Evaluate how “being old” is a relative term 36. How does technology challenge the respect and esteem traditionally afforded older people? Consider the older people (60-plus) you know. Is your attitude toward them shaped by your view of their ability to use modern technology such as computers, the Internet, and smartphones? Write a 1- to 2-page essay exploring this issue and your personal reactions. Learning Objective(s) 2.2: Review how the social position and experiences of older persons vary across cultures 37. Some American Indian tribes are turning to their elders to learn more about native identity and spirituality, a traditional source of respect and power for older adults. Consider the older adults (age 60 and older) in your life. Identify two or three who you particularly respect because of their knowledge of history, art, religion, music, cooking, etc. Write a 1- to 2-page discussion of their special knowledge and how this knowledge affects your view of them. Learning Objective(s) 2.2: Review how the social position and experiences of older persons vary across cultures 38. Social exchange theory suggests that communities should seek ways to increase older people’s resources and develop strategies to improve how society values them. Think about older people in your home community. What is being done now to increase their resources and potential value? Are these efforts enough? What more could be done? Write a 1- to 2-page essay focusing on potential ways to improve the value of older people in your community. Learning Objective(s) 2.2: Review how the social position and experiences of older persons vary across cultures 39. Review the discussion of aging in Japan, China, Korea, and Singapore. What can we learn about aging from Asian cultures? Write a 1- to 2-page essay comparing and contrasting the treatment of older adults in the United States with their treatment in these Asian countries. Learning Objective(s) 2.2: Review how the social position and experiences of older persons vary across cultures 40. Identify a novel, movie, or memoir about the immigrant experience in America, particularly one dealing with older as well as younger immigrants (such as The Joy Luck Club). Identify parallels between the experience of immigrants in the novel, movie, or memoir and the discussion in your text, and then write a 1- to 2-page exploration of the similarities that you notice. Learning Objective(s) 2.3: Evaluate the characteristics of immigrants from traditional cultures 41. Identify an older (age 60 or older) immigrant near your school or your home to interview about his or her experience adjusting to life in the United States. Focus particularly on this person’s relationship with adult children, and write a 1- to 2-page paper on this immigrant’s experience of biculturalism. Learning Objective(s) 2.3: Evaluate the characteristics of immigrants from traditional cultures