Test Bank For Psychological Testing and Assessment, 9th Edition

Psychological Testing and Assessment 9th Edition Cohen Test Bank Full Download: http://testbanklive.com/download/psychological-testing-and-assessment-9th-edition-cohen-test-bank/ Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations Chapter 02 Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations Multiple Choice Questions 1. The American Psychological Association issues both guidelines and standards. Standards ______________ while guidelines ___________ A. are aspirational; must be followed. B. must be followed; are aspirational. C. are presented as an ideal; are presented as mandatory. D. are aspirational; must be followed and are presented as an ideal; are presented as mandatory. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2. As discussed in the text, examinations in ancient China for civil service positions were, for the most part, A. only open to men. B. only open to members of affluent families. C. open to all citizens. D. open to all citizens and immigrants. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 3. In his clinical practice as a ___________, Neil Krishan Aggarwal focuses on cultural aspects of mental health. A. psychologist B. social worker C. psychotherapist D. psychiatrist Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-1 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Full download all chapters instantly please go to Solutions Manual, Test Bank site: testbanklive.com Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 4. According to Neil Krishan Aggarwal, culture influences A. when, where, how, and to whom patients narrate their experiences of distress. B. the patterning of symptoms recognized as illnesses. C. expectations about how long treatment should take. D. All of these. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 5. To better focus on the cultural identity of a patient, a tool of assessment used by Neil Krishan Aggarwal is A. the MMPI. B. the Culture-Specific Battery (CSB). C. the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI). D. the Culture Free Assessment Schedule (CFAS). Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 6. The Common Core State Standards was the product of A. a Department of Education mandate to create a nationwide K-12 curriculum. B. a law passed in 1969 designed to go into effect at such time that No Child Left Behind expired. C. a state-led effort to bring inter-State uniformity to proficiency standards in various academic subjects. D. All of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 7. The Common Core State Standards has been very controversial as evidenced by A. verbal attacks by politicians. B. demonstrations by teachers. C. demonstrations by parents. D. All of these. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-2 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 8. Indirectly, the USSR’s launch of Sputnik had the effect of A. increasing cold war fears and raising defense budgets. B. galvanizing public interest in education and testing. C. compelling significant changes to the MMPI. D. decreasing public skepticism with regard to the validity of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 9. The ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of Ricci v. DeStefano had implications for the ways in which government agencies can A. disclose test scores to testtakers who have taken a psychological test. B. use test data from applicants who have received vocational rehabilitation services. C. institute race-conscious remedies in hiring and promotional practices. D. store and retain records of a psychological nature. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 10. Many of the cases brought before federal courts under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act are employment discrimination cases. In this context, discrimination is defined as the practice of making distinctions in hiring, promotion, or other selection decisions that tend to systematically favor A. and preserve the civil rights of any United States citizen who has been convicted of a crime. B. and give preference to bona fide and naturalized citizens of the United States. C. members of a majority group regardless of actual qualifications for positions. D. members of any single group regardless of actual qualifications for positions. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-3 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 11. Discrimination may occur as the result of A. intentional action on the part of an employer. B. unintentional action on the part of an employer. C. both intentional action on the part of an employer and unintentional action on the part of an employer. D. None of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 12. Typically, when a Title VII charge of discrimination in the workplace is leveled at an employer, a claim is made that hiring, promotion, or some related employment decisions are systematically being made A. without regard to race or ethnic background. B. in accordance with undefined rules that favor one race or another. C. that exclude military veterans from consideration for positions. D. on the basis of some non-job-related variable. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 13. The practice of making distinctions in hiring, promotion, or other selection decisions that systematically tend to favor members of a minority group regardless of actual qualifications for a position is called A. discrimination. B. reverse discrimination. C. compensation. D. None of these. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-4 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 14. The legal term disparate treatment refers to the consequence of an employer’s hiring or promotion practice that A. was intentionally devised to yield some discriminatory result or outcome. B. unintentionally resulted in some discriminatory result or outcome. C. both was intentionally devised to yield some discriminatory result or outcome and unintentionally resulted in some discriminatory result or outcome. D. None of these. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 15. The legal term disparate impact refers to the consequence of an employer’s hiring or promotion practice that A. intentionally resulted in a discriminatory result. B. unintentionally resulted in a claim of libel. C. resulted in a claim of libel regardless of the employer’s intent. D. None of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 16. When a claim of discrimination is made, an evaluation of the quality of a test or selection procedure will typically entail scrutiny of all of the following EXCEPT A. the competencies actually assessed by the test. B. the relation of competencies assessed to the job. C. differential weighting of items on the test. D. whether the test was true/false or multiple-choice. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-5 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 17. Many large companies and organizations, as well as government agencies, hire experts in assessment to help make certain that their hiring and promotion practices result neither in disparate treatment nor disparate impact. This is so because A. the mere allegation of discrimination can be a source of great expense for any employer. B. being found guilty of disparate treatment has resulted in jail time for corporate employees. C. being found guilty of disparate impact has resulted in exorbitant fines to organizations. D. None of these. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 18. An employer accused of discrimination under Title VII will typically have to budget for a number of expenses including all of the following EXCEPT A. the costs of fees paid to attorneys. B. the cost of fees paid to judges. C. the cost of retrieval, scanning and storage of records. D. the costs attendant to improving and restructuring hiring and promotion protocols. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 19. When a test must be administered with an aid of a translator, A. subtle nuances of meaning may be “lost in translation.” B. pre-training for the translator is desirable. C. pre-training for the assessor is desirable. D. All of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 20. “Does a court order for a compulsory psychiatric examination of the defendant in a criminal trial violate that defendant’s fifth amendment right to avoid self-incrimination?” This was the question before the court in the case of A. Mitchell v. State. B. Allen v. District of Columbia. C. Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California. D. Jaffee v. Redmond. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-6 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 21. Persons diagnosed with different psychiatric disorders may have differing capacities to provide truly informed consent. A person suffering from which of the following disorders would have the BEST probability of providing truly informed consent? A. dementia B. major depression C. schizophrenia D. bipolar disorder Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 22. The testing program that existed in China between 1115 b.c.e. and 1905 is most similar to which of the following today? A. civil service testing B. college aptitude testing C. achievement testing D. drug abuse testing Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23. As used in the text, the term imperial examinations refers to assessment for A. knighthood in the Middle Ages. B. civil service in ancient China. C. competency to stand trial in Japan. D. gang membership in Newark, New Jersey. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24. Which defendant argued (unsuccessfully) in his appeal that his death penalty conviction should be set aside because he was suffering from a mental disease? A. Tarasoff B. Daubert C. Zink D. Mitchell Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-7 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 25. During the Middle Ages, the focus of early “diagnostic techniques” was on identifying A. slow learners. B. those who had scurvy. C. witches. D. competent civil service workers. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 26. Which of the following positions would Galton support? A. Genius runs in families. B. Environment is the most important determinant of genius. C. Genius ruins families. D. Darwin’s theory was overstated. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 27. How did the work of Wundt differ from that of Galton, Binet, and James McKeen Cattell? A. Wundt used standardized psychological tests. B. Wundt utilized humans and not animal research subjects. C. Wundt focused on how individuals were the same rather than different. D. Wundt focused on how individuals were different rather than the same. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 28. Who is credited with being the originator of the psychometric concept of test reliability? A. Spearman B. Pearson C. Kraeplin D. Tichener Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-8 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 29. Who coined the term mental test in 1890? A. Binet B. Cattell C. Wundt D. Galton Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 30. Much of 19th-century psychological measurement focused on A. intelligence. B. ethics and values. C. sensory abilities. D. personality traits. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 31. Which of the following would be LEAST likely to be used as an item on a projective test of personality? A. ink spilled on paper B. a painting of a rowboat on a lake C. a cloud D. a digital clock Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 32. Projective tests may be viewed as remedying a deficiency of which other type of psychological test? A. intelligence tests B. proficiency tests C. self-report tests D. neurological tests Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-9 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 33. In addition to his test-related “claim to fame,” this man was the first football coach at the University of Southern California. He is, of course, A. Robert S. Woodworth. B. Henry H. Goddard. C. Ovide DeCroly. D. Lightner Witmer. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 34. Today, which of the following groups would be MOST likely to cite the research of Henry H. Goddard in literature it produces for public consumption? A. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) B. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) C. The American Psychological Association (APA) D. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 35. Research published by Henry H. Goddard supported A. the pro-life movement. B. the anti-whaling movement. C. the eugenics movement. D. the labor union movement. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 36. The mental ability evaluations conducted at Ellis Island could best be characterized as A. psychological testing. B. psychological assessment. C. case-study techniques. D. role-play. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-10 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 37. Psychological test data gathered from immigrant assessees at Ellis Island by Henry Goddard was A. cited extensively in Goddard’s best-seller Welcoming Europe’s Gifted. B. used to argue against compulsory sterilization for the “feeble-minded.” C. cited to support anti-immigration arguments and legislation. D. compiled to determine the incidence of feeble-mindedness worldwide. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 38. The beginning of the group intelligence testing movement is best associated with A. the need to identify slow learners in school. B. the need to identify the best applicant for a job. C. the military’s need to screen the intellectual ability of recruits. D. the civil service system’s need to identify qualified postal workers. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 39. In the 1930s, clinical psychology was synonymous with A. personality testing. B. mental testing. C. vocational testing. D. educational testing. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 40. Which of the following represents a problem unique to self-report personality tests? A. Respondents might be unwilling to reveal something negative about themselves. B. Respondents may be too “low” on the construct being measured for the trait to register properly on the test. C. The reading ability of respondents may prevent them from responding accurately to items. D. All of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-11 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 41. An approach to personality assessment that does not employ self-report methods is referred to as A. a reflective method. B. a projective method. C. a factorial method. D. a nonempirical method. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 42. Which of the following was the first personality test to be developed after the first world war? A. the Bernreuter Personality Inventory B. the Mooney Problem Checklist C. the Personal Data Sheet D. the MMPI Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 43. Henry A. Murray is the author of a “personology” theory of personality and is best associated with A. the Rorschach Inkblot Test. B. the Thematic Apperception Test. C. the Draw-A-Person Technique. D. the Mooney Problem Checklist. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 44. “Never shoot ’em in the back,” “Do not fudge data,” and “A captain goes down with his ship” are all BEST characterized under the general heading of A. laws. B. ethics. C. rules. D. traditions. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-12 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 45. A body of principles of “right,” “proper,” or “good” conduct is referred to as a body of A. laws. B. ethics. C. traditions. D. rules. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 46. Which of the following terms BEST characterizes the relationship between the enterprise of psychological testing and the public during the 20th century? A. a love affair B. just good friends C. perfect strangers D. a stormy relationship Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 47. Which historical event was the impetus for the awarding of federal funds to schools in an effort to identify gifted and talented students? A. World War I B. World War II C. the launch of Sputnik D. the presidential election of 1960 Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 48. Which of the following laws requires that an interpreter be available if necessary to provide job selection testing? A. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 B. English as a Second Language Act of 1992 C. The Hobson and Hansen Amendment of 1991 D. Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-13 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 49. Tests relevant primarily to white middle-class students produce inaccurate and misleading test scores when administered to lower-class African-American students. This was the conclusion of a court in which of the following cases? A. Diana v. State Board of Education (1970) B. Hobson v. Hansen (1967) C. Larry P. v. Riles (1979) D. Debra v. Turlington (1981) Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 50. In which case was it ruled that all IQ tests used for placement in special education classes for the mentally retarded (developmentally disabled) must be administered in the language in which the student is most fluent? A. Diana v. State Board of Education (1970) B. Hobson v. Hansen (1967) C. Larry P. v. Riles (1979) D. Smith v. School District of Montgomery County (1951) Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 51. In which case was it ruled that IQ tests cannot be administered to African-American students for the purpose of placement in special education classes? A. Diana v. State Board of Education (1970) B. Hobson v. Hansen (1967) C. Larry P. v. Riles (1979) D. Smith v. Board of Education (1981) Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-14 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 52. In which case was it ruled that employment tests must measure the person for the specific job for which he or she is applying? A. Allen v. District of Columbia (1993) B. Aderand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena et al. (1985) C. Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971) D. Grutter v. Bollinger, et al. (2003) Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 53. Griggs v. Duke Power Company and Albemarle Paper Company v. Moody had what issue in common? A. the use of tests that discriminate against minorities because they do not measure the specific skills required for the job B. the use of tests that discriminate against minorities in that they were unfairly used to terminate employment C. the use of tests that discriminate against minorities because examiners administering the tests were biased D. the use of tests that discriminate against minorities because the test data were used unfairly to determine promotions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 54. In which court case did the court find that minimum competency testing in the State of Florida perpetuated the effects of past discrimination? A. Diana v. State Board of Education (1970) B. Hobson v. Hansen (1967) C. Larry P. v. Riles (1979) D. Debra v. Turlington (1981) Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-15 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 55. What publication presents standards for constructing and using fair and nondiscriminative employment tests? A. Ethical Standards of Psychologists B. Guidelines for Fair and Nondiscriminative Employment Testing C. Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures D. Specialty Guidelines in Administering and Interpreting Employment Tests Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 56. Public concern about various aspects of psychological testing reached a peak in the A. 1940s. B. 1950s. C. 1960s. D. 1970s. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 57. The Family Rights and Privacy Act mandated that A. parents and students have an opportunity to review their school records. B. all children have a right to attend private schools with public funds. C. parents and students have no right to challenge the content of school records. D. families who are victims of identity theft are eligible for special grants. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 58. “Truth in testing” laws relate to tests typically administered in A. elementary and secondary school. B. nursery school. C. postsecondary and professional school. D. hair, makeup, and cosmetology academies. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-16 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 59. Which of the following is a key provision in “truth in testing” legislation? A. Only tests approved by APA may be published. B. Answers keyed “correct” must indeed be correct. C. Two proofs of identification are required to sit for federal examinations. D. Test questions and answers must be revealed to all testtakers. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 60. Tests are categorized as A. level 1, 2, or 3, depending on how difficult it is to administer the test. B. level A, B, and C, depending on how much testing-related knowledge is necessary to administer the test. C. level alpha, beta, or gamma, depending on how many years of education are required by testtakers to be admitted for testing. D. “thumbs up” or “thumbs down” by the APA Council on Testing. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 61. According to the Standards for Educational and Psychological Tests and Manuals, the responsibility for the use of psychological tests is that of A. professionals with the highest academic degree in psychology. B. professionals with the necessary training and experience. C. professionals who have state certification to administer a particular test. D. professionals who are employed by duly accredited institutions and organizations. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 62. The Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education was developed and endorsed by A. test publishers. B. professional organizations. C. Congress. D. Both test publishers and professional organizations. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-17 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 63. What assumption can reasonably be made when a well-known, well-respected, and widely used test is translated from English into another language? A. The test will likely become well known, well respected, and widely used in all of the countries throughout the world that speak the language into which the test was translated. B. The test will be equivalent in content in all of the languages for which it has been translated. C. The translated test will conform to the letter but not the “spirit” of the original. D. None of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 64. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Henry Goddard? A. He raised questions about how meaningful intelligence tests were for people of diverse backgrounds. B. He used intelligence test data to argue against capital punishment for the “feebleminded.” C. He advocated for the institutionalization or sterilization of the mentally retarded to prevent future generations from having low intelligence. D. He developed a culturally sensitive intelligence test that measured culturally specific aspects of intelligence common to East Asian immigrants. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 65. A client tells his psychologist that he is planning to kill his girlfriend. The psychologist has reason to believe that the client will act on this plan. In this situation, the psychologist has a duty to A. keep the information privileged and address the problem in therapy. B. keep the information confidential and address the problem in therapy. C. warn the endangered third party or call the police. D. contact the client for an emergency session to explore the client’s motivation and plan of action. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-18 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 66. In general, testtakers have the right A. to know why they are being tested. B. to know the results of the test they took. C. to know how the test data will be used. D. All of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 67. The “privilege” referred to in the term privileged communication belongs to A. the test developer. B. the test user. C. the testtaker. D. the test publisher. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 68. Regarding psychologists’ duty to warn in cases involving testtakers who are HIVpositive, A. most states have enacted legislation to protect mental health professionals from liability for “good faith” disclosure to an at-risk third party. B. the issue has yet to be addressed by any courts or legislature. C. most states have enacted legislation that provides limits to confidentiality of one’s HIVpositive diagnosis. D. the issue was historically first addressed by the Idaho State Legislature. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 69. The matter of having test findings held confidential by psychologists is A. a matter of professional ethics. B. a right upheld by case law. C. a right cited in legislation. D. All of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-19 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 70. Which is TRUE of Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act? A. Relatives of the patient must arrange a consultation with an Oregon-licensed psychologist or psychiatrist who must be available to consult with the family for a one-year period subsequent to the patient’s demise. B. The patient must have less than a year to live to be covered by this Act. C. A psychologist or psychiatrist may be requested to evaluate the patient for impaired judgment and the presence of psychopathology. D. All of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 71. A psychologist licensed in Oregon may not accept a referral to evaluate a dying patient under the provisions of Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act A. in accordance with an ethical obligation to prevent suicide. B. if that psychologist had previously treated the dying patient for any psychosis. C. if the dying patient is a member of the psychologist’s family. D. All of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 72. In the psychological assessment of a dying patient in Oregon who is requesting “death with dignity” assistance, the role of the assessor is to evaluate the dying patient’s A. family support system. B. competency to make a life-ending decision. C. level and sensitivity to pain. D. All of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-20 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 73. For over 3,000 years, open and competitive examinations were administered in China. What these examinations measured could BEST be described as A. honesty. B. integrity. C. perseverance. D. proficiency. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 74. Which behavioral scientist viewed individual differences as a source of error in experimentation? A. Cattell B. Darwin C. Wundt D. Witmer Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 75. Who coined the term “mental test”? A. Alfred Binet B. James Cattell C. Victor Henri D. Charles Spearman Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 76. During World War I, Robert Woodsworth and his committee developed a measure of A. intelligence. B. emotional stability. C. conscientious objection. D. patriotism. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-21 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 77. An intelligence test originally written in English is to be administered to a group of Japanese immigrants who do not speak English. In order to obtain an accurate measure of intelligence and attempt to eliminate any possible effects due to language, the test administrator should A. have a professional translator read the test to the group, simultaneously translating the items word-for-word. B. have a friend or family member of the group who is fluent in English and Japanese read the test to the group, simultaneously translating the items word-for-word. C. have a teacher fluent in Japanese and English conduct a brief tutorial in English prior to administering the test in English, with specific attention given to the meaning of the wording of key items and corresponding responses. D. None of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 78. Which of the following is the term used for a variant of a language that has its own rules of structure, meaning, and pronunciation? A. parallel language B. alternate language C. spoken dialect D. regional accent Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 79. According to your textbook, nonverbal communication or “body language” does not A. exist in all cultures. B. impact the perceptions of others. C. convey the same meaning across cultures. D. accurately predict which way a poor driver will turn. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-22 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 80. Sigmund Freud believed that nonverbal behaviors provide clues regarding A. intelligence. B. achievement. C. ethnicity. D. motivation. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 81. Which organization published Technical Recommendations for Psychological and Diagnostic Tests? A. the American Psychological Association B. the American Educational Research Association C. the National Council on Measurement in Education D. the Council for Exceptional Children Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 82. Consistent with recommendations regarding professional ethics, post-test feedback to testtakers A. must avoid any information that may arouse anxiety. B. should focus on only “positive” findings. C. should be accurate and understandable. D. will always use diagnostic labels sparingly. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 83. As mentioned in your text, which of the following is a means of safeguarding test records? A. storing records at an external storage facility away from the office B. only allowing security officials to have computer passwords C. installing and maintaining a special alarm system in the record storage room D. storing test records in a locked filing cabinet Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-23 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 84. One of the consequences of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) is that A. it enabled clients to sue mental health professionals for over-charging. B. psychotherapy notes require more stringent protection than other types of records. C. mental health professionals may not bill for completing insurance paperwork. D. service providers must provide confidential information to health insurance companies. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 85. The fact that employment testing materials and procedures must be essential to the job and not discriminate against persons with disabilities is attributable to which legislation? A. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 B. Civil Rights Act of 1964 C. Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 D. Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 86. Which legislation provided that all children with suspected mental or physical disabilities must be evaluated periodically by a team of professionals? A. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 B. Civil Rights Act of 1964 C. Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 D. Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 87. Which legislation provided that parents and eligible students be given access to school records? A. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 B. Civil Rights Act of 1964 C. Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 D. Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-24 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 88. Which legislation provided that employers, when making employment decisions with ability tests, cannot use different cutoff scores on the basis of race, religion, sex, or national origin? A. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 B. Civil Rights Act of 1964 C. Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 D. Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 89. Which legislation modified privacy standards thus restricting the way that mental health providers can use patients’ personal information? A. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 B. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1997 C. Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 D. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 90. Ability tests developed using samples of White testtakers cannot be used to track AfricanAmerican students in the school system. This was the essence of the ruling in which of the following court cases? A. Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971) B. Larry P. v. Riles (1979) C. Debra P. v. Turlington (1981) D. Hobson v. Hanson (1967) Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-25 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 91. Which court case resulted in the ruling that intelligence tests could not be used to place African-American children in special classes in California? A. Hobson v. Hanson (1967) B. Larry P. v. Riles (1979) C. Debra P. v. Turlington (1981) D. Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971) Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 92. A general ability test predicted job performance but was found to be discriminatory because Whites scored better on it on average than African-Americans. This is a reference to which of the following court cases? A. Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena et al. (1995) B. Jafee v. Redmond (1996) C. Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971) D. Albemarle Paper Company v. Moody (1976) Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 93. Which court case culminated in a ruling that a city fire department could use a test of specific firefighting abilities to make promotion decisions even if Whites tended to outscore African-American firefighters? A. Allen v. District of Columbia (1993) B. Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena et al. (1995) C. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) D. Jaffee v. Redmond (1996) Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-26 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 94. Which court case resulted in the ruling that the federal government cannot apply affirmative action principles in awarding federal contracts to companies unless there is a compelling reason to do so? A. Allen v. District of Columbia (1993) B. Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena et al. (1995) C. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) D. Jaffee v. Redmond (1996) Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 95. Which court case resulted in the ruling for the first time that diversity considerations can be used in university admissions decisions? A. Allen v. District of Columbia (1993) B. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) C. Chan v. Yale University (1996) D. Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974) Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 96. Which court case resulted in the ruling that the communication between a psychotherapist and a patient is privileged in federal courts? A. Allen v. District of Columbia (1993) B. Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena et al. (1995) C. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) D. Jaffee v. Redmond (1996) Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 97. Which court case resulted in the ruling that psychotherapists must reveal privileged information if a third party is endangered? A. Allen v. District of Columbia (1993) B. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) C. Jaffee v. Redmond (1996) D. Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974) Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-27 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 98. Which court case reaffirmed the rights of universities to use race in admissions decisions to further the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body? A. Allen v. District of Columbia (1993) B. Malcolm v. Las Vegas Technical School (2008) C. Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) D. Jaffee v. Redmond (1996) Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 99. A psychologist who does not act in the same or similar way that other reasonable psychologists would have acted under the same or similar circumstances may be found liable for A. incompetency. B. negligence. C. abuse. D. malpractice. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 100. In the everyday practice of psychological assessment, how do questions and issues about a testtaker’s proficiency in the English language typically get resolved? A. by a determination based on the number of years of formal education in English B. by the score achieved on a test of English as a Second Language C. on a case-by-case basis D. informal evaluation of comprehension of “knock-knock” jokes Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 101. Many testtaker characteristics are affected by culture including A. a testtaker’s expressive communication skills. B. a testtaker’s nonverbal communication. C. a testtaker’s receptive communication skills. D. All of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-28 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 102. With regard to litigation involving hiring and promotion, it is a fact that A. tests that yield scores that systematically show differences by racial group cannot be used for any purpose. B. local, state, and federal courts are in agreement as to which psychological tests may and may not be used. C. only tests shown to predict job success may be used. D. None of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 103. “Psychologists must use only those techniques for which they are qualified by education, training, and experience.” This quote was MOST likely taken from the pages of A. the decision in Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974). B. Ethical Principles of Psychologists. C. Tests in Print. D. the Oregon Death with Dignity statute. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 104. Which is the BEST example of malpractice by a psychologist? A. A psychologist misdiagnosed a client. B. A psychologist acted in a significantly different way as compared to the way that other psychologists would have acted under the same or similar circumstances. C. A psychologist who did not hold a doctoral degree administered and interpreted tests while employed as a school psychologist. D. A psychologist learned about principle of psychological test use by watching selected reruns of Dr. Phil on Hulu. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-29 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 105. Which of the following is the MOST important reason why translating a test into another language is not recommended? A. It can be extremely costly. B. It can be extremely time-consuming. C. Meanings of the items may change. D. Translation must conform to the specific dialect of the testtaker. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 106. To ensure that a test developed for national use is indeed suitable for national use, test developers A. employ a culturally representative group of examiners. B. have a culturally representative panel of experts review test items. C. post sample items on the Web to elicit feedback from various groups. D. All of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 107. Sir Francis Galton measured each of the following EXCEPT A. the mental ability of humans. B. genetic inheritance in sweet peas. C. the standing height of humans. D. the sitting height of humans. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 108. Legal and ethical mandates regarding vocational assessment require that performance on vocational tests measure A. important cultural factors. B. job-related abilities. C. unobtrusive variables. D. All of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-30 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 109. Ultimately, which of the following parties to the assessment enterprise provides the guidance for determining what constitutes the fair use of tests in the hiring process? A. test publishers B. test users C. society at large D. test-takers Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 110. The Daubert case had implications for the role of A. psychologists with respect to admitting patients to mental hospitals. B. judges with respect to admitting expert testimony into evidence. C. test publishers with respect to hiring test developers. D. All of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 111. The origins of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals can be traced to A. Mrs. Henry Daubert taking a prescription drug to relieve nausea. B. Mr. Henry Daubert enduring five hours of discomfort after taking prescription Viagra. C. Mrs. Henry Daubert enduring five hours of discomfort as a result of her husband taking prescribed medication. D. None of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 112. In the case of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, the plaintiff (Daubert) A. did not win the case at the original trial. B. did not win the case on appeal. C. first won the case at the level of the Supreme Court. D. All of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-31 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 113. In the 1923 case of Frye v. United States, the Court held that scientific research is admissible into evidence A. at the sole discretion of the Court. B. only when successfully challenged by a competent second expert. C. when the research enjoys general acceptance. D. if the research was based on a scholarly review of the literature. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 114. The significance of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals is that A. trial judges were given wider discretion in terms of what shall be admitted into evidence. B. trial judges were given a “gatekeeping” function. C. trial judges could admit into evidence scientific testimony that had not yet won general acceptance in the scientific community. D. All of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 115. From the intelligence test data he gathered at Ellis Island, Henry Goddard concluded that many of the people attempting to immigrate to the United States were “feebleminded.” This conclusion was A. entirely justified as shown in subsequent research by Lewis Terman. B. largely the result of using a test that overestimated mental deficiency. C. probably an exaggeration due to Goddard’s known prejudice. D. in keeping with the culture of the day which focused on nurture over nature. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 116. Laws are rules of conduct that derive from a society’s A. legislatures. B. courts. C. code of ethics. D. Both legislatures and courts. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-32 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 117. Taken together, the cases of PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1971, 1972), and Mills v. Board of Education of District of Columbia (1972) illustrate A. why psychological tests must be used responsibly. B. how litigation can lead to legislation. C. judicial enforcement of the right to privacy. D. why public parks are ideally within walking distance from public schools. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 118. “If an expert claimed something that most other experts in the field would agree with, the testimony would be admitted into evidence.” This statement BEST applies to the admission of expert testimony into evidence as provided by which litigation? A. Daubert B. Frye C. Kumho D. Mathis Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 119. The right of informed consent refers to testtakers’ right to know A. why they are being evaluated. B. how the test data will be used. C. what, if any, information will be released to whom. D. All of these Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 120. At issue in the case of Mills v. Board of Education was whether or not A. culturally different children could receive a public education. B. children with physical impairments could receive a public education. C. children with emotional impairments could receive a public education. D. foster children of Heather Mills must pay for private tutoring. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-33 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Psychological Testing and Assessment 9th Edition Cohen Test Bank Full Download: http://testbanklive.com/download/psychological-testing-and-assessment-9th-edition-cohen-test-bank/ Chapter 02 – Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations 121. In the case of Iverson v. Frandsen, Carmel Iverson brought an unsuccessful lawsuit for libel against Dr. Frandsen on behalf of her daughter. According to the text, Frandsen may have prevailed in a lawsuit against A. the school principal for sexual harassment. B. Frandsen’s assistant for failure to properly obtain informed consent. C. the school guidance counselor for breach of confidentiality. D. the daughter’s teacher for her failure to refer for services. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2-34 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 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