Test Bank for Parent-Child Relations: Context, Research, and Application, 4th Edition

Chapter 2 Parenting Patterns and the Effect of Culture and Context Multiple Choice Questions 1-38 1. Which of the following is a child socialization pattern typically found in ethnic minority cultures of the United States? a. Authoritative b. traditional c. Permissive d. Indulgent 2. Which of the following is a characteristic of authoritative parents? a. They set standards for their children regarding expectations for future conduct. b. They emphasize respect for parents c. They are unwilling to explain to their children the reasons for expected behavior. d. They emphasize obedience from their children. 3. Which of the following describes authoritative parents? a. They direct their children’s activities in an irrational manner. b. They refrain from displaying firm control. c. They recognize their children’s individual interests and unique personalities. d. They do not provide warmth and support to their children. 4. Children from authoritative families tend to: a. be dependent, passive, and conforming. b. be cooperative with peers, siblings, and adults. c. exhibit behavior problems. d. be less happy than children from families of other parenting style. 5. Children of _____________ parents have the highest levels of self-actualization when compared to children of parents who have adopted other styles of child socialization. a. authoritarian b. authoritative c. permissive d. indulgent 6. Authoritarian parents do which of the following? a. Encourage their children to think for themselves b. Allow their children to regulate their own behavior. c. Recognize their children’s individual interests and unique personalities d. Discourage their children from freely expressing their feelings. 7. Which of the following describes authoritarian families? a. Children are expected to look to their parents for approval and answers to problems. b. Parents encourage their children’s participation in decision making. c. Parents direct their children’s activities but in a rational, issue-oriented manner d. Parents engage less in independence training of their children. 8. In comparison to other children, which statement best describes children of authoritarian parents? a. They have higher levels of psychosocial maturity. b. They have higher levels of self-actualization. c. They tend to be less self-assured. d. They tend to be socially adept. 9. Which of the following is true of authoritarian parenting? a. This style of rearing children is considered to be conducive to positive outcomes for children. b. Authoritarian parents intimidate their children rather than promoting their feelings of self-worth. c. This style of parenting promotes children’s self-actualization. d. Authoritarian-oriented beliefs and attitudes are relatively new. 10. Which of the following describes permissive parents? a. They are well organized and effective in running their households. b. They engage less in independence training of their children. c. They do not allow their children to regulate their own behavior. d. They tend to have high levels of self-confidence. 11. Which of the following outcomes for children is associated with having permissive parents? a. They have higher academic achievement in comparison to children from authoritative families. b. They are more independent in comparison to children of authoritative parents. c. They tend to lack impulse control as well and to be more immature, less selfreliant, less socially responsible. d. During adolescence, they are more likely to be engaged with heavy drinking than are adolescents with authoritative parents. 12. Which parenting pattern has been linked with children’s psychosocial maturity, resourcefulness, reasoning ability, empathy, and altruism? a. authoritarian b. authoritative c. permissive d. indulgent 13. Girls reared in which of the following homes are particularly at risk for early sexual behaviors? a. authoritarian b. permissive c. indulgent d. overprotective 14. Boys reared in which of the following homes are particularly at risk for early sexual behaviors? a. authoritarian b. permissive c. indulgent d. overprotective 15. In comparison to parents with other childrearing patterns, indulgent parents are: a. Highest in involvement with their children and lowest in strictness with their children. b. Lowest in involvement with their children and highest in strictness with their children. c. Lowest in both involvement and strictness with their children. d. Highest in both involvement and strictness with their children. 16. Which of the following describes indulgent parents? a. They have clear expectations for their children. b. They set limits for their children and provide consequences for their actions. c. They view discipline and control as being potentially damaging to children’s developing creativity. d. They are mature with a deep sense of social responsibility. 17. Which of the following describes children of indulgent parents? a. They are less likely than are other children to conform to their peers. b. They are less likely to be involved in risk behaviors such as crime and delinquency than are children whose parents are authoritative. c. They are less likely than other children to manipulate their parents. d. They are likely to be irresponsible and immature. 18. Which of the following parents are likely to yield to coercion and manipulation from their children? a. authoritative parents b. overprotective parents c. indulgent parents d. authoritarian parents 19. Which of the following statements describes indifferent parents? a. They provide clear guidelines for their children regarding expected behavior. b. They seem uninvolved and even uninterested in their children’s development. c. They frequently express concern for their children. d. They require responsible behavior from their children. 20. During which stage of children’s development is indifferent parenting most common? a. Infancy b. Early Childhood c. Middle Childhood d. Adolescence 21. Adolescent children of indifferent parents tend to have: a. Higher incidents of drug/alcohol use, earlier sexual involvement, and higher rates of delinquency. b. Higher levels of social maturity, increased sense of self-worth, and higher levels of attainment of self-actualization. c. Higher levels of academic achievement and personal creativity. d. A stronger sense of self-management. 22. Children who perceive inconsistency between their parents’ child-rearing styles are: a. Higher on self-esteem and self-control. b. Higher on school performance. c. Lower on self-esteem, self-control, and school performance. d. Higher on self-control, and lower on self-esteem. 23. Children from all ethnic groups in all societies benefit: a. When parents use authoritarian parenting patterns. b. If they think they are loved and appreciated. c. Are firmly disciplined using techniques of time-out and withholding of affection. d. When parents use permissive parenting patterns. 24. In studies of American child-socialization patterns, the ____________parenting style has been associated most often with positive outcomes for children. a. Authoritative b. Authoritarian c. Permissive d. Indulgent 25. Which of the following is true of research focused on child socialization? a. Almost all research focused on child socialization patterns has taken place outside of the United States. b. Most of the research on child socialization patterns in the United States has focused on parents from minority cultures. c. The most striking finding is how popular authoritative parenting is in nonWestern societies and ethnic minority cultural groups. d. In non-Western families we frequently see a style of child socialization that falls somewhere between authoritarian and authoritative. 26. Which of the following parents have heightened surveillance of their children’s lives by physically shadowing them when they are participating in a variety of activities. a. Overprotective parents b. Indulgent parents c. Authoritarian parents d. Traditional parents 27. Which of the following parental approaches is true of non-Western families? a. Individualistic cultural beliefs guide parental practices. b. Explanation and discussion of directives is a commonly used parental approach. c. Compliance of children is expected without explanation or question. d. In traditional cultures of China, Japan, Vietnam, and South Korea, the role of the parent carries less authority than does the role of the parent in the West. 28. An example of parent-child closeness in non-Western cultures is demonstrated by the cultural norm of _________ in the Japanese culture which emphasizes close, affectionate mother-child relationships as the foundation for parenting. a. Taibatsu b. Shitsuke c. Amae d. Haiku 29. As in studies of non-Western parenting patterns, the style of child socialization seen in many American ethnic minority families has often been mislabeled by researchers as: a. Authoritative. b. Authoritarian. c. Permissive. d. Indulgent 30. The _____________ child-rearing pattern, conceptualized by Baumrind in 1987, more appropriately describes the child socialization approach found among American ethnic minority families as well as the child socialization pattern seen in non-Western cultures. a. Authoritative b. Authoritarian c. Traditional d. Permissive 31. Which statement best describes the Baumrind’s traditional parenting pattern: a. High Demandingness, High Responsiveness, Intergenerational Belief System b. High Demandingness, Low Responsiveness, Intergenerational Belief System c. Low Demandingness, High Responsiveness, Intergenerational Belief System d. Low Demandingness, Low Responsiveness, Intergenerational Belief System 32. An important component of child socialization in ethnic minority families is _____________, which acts as a buffer against negative racial messages in the environment. a. the promotion of the self b. independence training c. racial socialization d. an emphasis on logical consequences 33. The term socioeconomic status refers to social class and includes: a. Income level, occupational status, and ethnicity. b. Income level, educational level, and ethnicity. c. Income level, educational level, and occupational status. d. Income level, religiosity, and ethnicity. 34. Parents living within lower levels of socioeconomic status (SES) often: a. Adopt a more parent-centered child-rearing approach. b. Adopt a child-centered child-rearing approach. c. Talk more with their children than do higher SES parents. d. Seek to understand their children’s feelings and motivation. 35. Religiosity in relation to parenting patterns has been found to be: a. unrelated to parenting styles in contemporary America. b. associated with positive parenting practices in contemporary America. c. related to indifferent parenting. d. associated with permissive parenting. 36. Parental conflict has been associated with which of the following parenting patterns? a. Inconsistent parenting b. Permissive parenting c. Authoritative parenting d. Overprotective parenting 37. Which parenting style has been shown to play an important role in protecting children from risky online behaviors? a. Authoritarian b. Authoritative c. Permissive d. Indulgent 37. Which parenting style is associated with an increased likelihood of children having more than 2 hours of daily screen time? a. Authoritarian b. Authoritative c. Permissive d. Indulgent Short Answer and Essay Questions 1-5 1. Identify four contextual influences of a parent’s child rearing practices. 2. Which parenting pattern contributes to children’s screen time usage that exceeds professional recommendations? Which parenting pattern is related to children’s screen time usage that meets professional recommendation? 3. What are three outcomes for children who agree with the parental concerns of overprotective parents 4. Identify three outcomes for children that are related to inconsistent parenting patterns. What is racial socialization and what benefits does it have for children and adolescents in ethnic minority families? Chapter 2 – Parenting Patterns and the Impact of Culture and Context Answers to Multiple Choice Questions 1-38 1. B 11. C 21. A 31. A 2. A 12. B 22. C 32. C 3. C 13. A 23. B 33. C 4. B 14. B 24. A 34. A 5. B 15. A 25. D 35. B 6. D 16. C 26. A 36. A 7. A 17. D 27. C 37. B 8. C 18. C 28. C 38. C 9. B 19. B 29. B 10. B 20. D 30. C Feedback for Short Answer and Essay Questions 1-5 1. Four contextual influences of parenting patterns include socioeconomic status, religiosity, family of origin, and children’s characteristics (age, temperament, gender, birth order). 2. Permissive parenting contributes to screen time usage that exceeds professional recommendations. Authoritative parenting contributes to screen time usage that meets professional recommendations. 3. Children who agree with the parental concerns of overprotective parents tend to (1) become withdrawn and have a more external locus of control, which places them at risk for low academic achievement, (2) be susceptible for anxiety disorders and low physical activity due to not being allowed to participate in physical activity programs, and (3). have lower levels of motivation. 4. Three outcomes for children of inconsistent parents include: (1) Adolescents’ deviant peer affiliations, (2). drinking behaviors and eating disorders among college women, and (3) lower self-esteem, self-control, and school performance 5. Racial socialization includes providing a home that is rich in racial culture. Racial socialization contributes to racial identity. It also helps children acquire higher levels of factual knowledge and better problemsolving skills.