Test Bank For Organizational Change: An Action-Oriented Toolkit, 4th Edition

Deszca, Organizational Change 4e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Test Bank CHAPTER 2: HOW TO LEAD ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE: FRAMEWORKS Multiple Choice 1. What are the two distinct aspects of organizational change that must be addressed? a. why and where b. why and what c. how and what d. how and why Ans: C AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Differentiating How to Change From What to Change Difficulty Level: Easy 2. What is an example of a managerial decision on how to change? a. choosing between addressing an issue of employee satisfaction and bottom-line profit b. reviewing customer complaints and deciding the core issue that needs to be addressed c. trying to increase sales using the same historical strategy d. addressing an issue of operational efficiency by either implementing more employees training or reevaluating systems at customer touch points Ans: D AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Differentiating How to Change From What to Change Difficulty Level: Medium 3. What is the “failure of success?” a. continuing to use practices that worked successfully in the past that are no longer effective b. expending too many resources to reach a successful change c. focusing on success in only one part of the organization without considering losses that may have occurred elsewhere d. insisting that success has been achieved even when there are major issues that need to be addressed Ans: A AACSB: Contexts of organizations in a global society Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Processes of Organizational Change Difficulty Level: Medium Deszca, Organizational Change 4e SAGE Publishing, 2020 4. What does Handy’s sigmoid curve outline? a. the stages of organizational change b. where one should begin changing and where it becomes obvious that one needs to change c. how people respond when change is enacted d. the quantity of inputs that go into creating change Ans: B AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Processes of Organizational Change Difficulty Level: Easy 5. What contributes to the flattening of Handy’s sigmoid curve? a. change apathy b. competition and increased market saturation c. a new initiative that shifts resources d. decline in work needed since most of the change is done Ans: B AACSB: Contexts of organizations in a global society Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Processes of Organizational Change Difficulty Level: Easy 6. Why is it so hard to start the change process at the right time? a. There is no way to know when the right time is. b. People are spooked by a crisis and don’t want to change at that time. c. No one wants to incur costs or invest in change when everything is going well. d. People never like to begin a change initiative in the summer. Ans: C AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: The Processes of Organizational Change Difficulty Level: Medium 7. Organizational change most often requires changing at what three levels? a. strategy, operations, and human resources b. simple, joint, and complex c. individual, unit, and organization d. beginning, middle, and end Ans: C AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Processes of Organizational Change Difficulty Level: Easy Deszca, Organizational Change 4e SAGE Publishing, 2020 8. What are the three stages in Lewin’s model of change? a. easy, hard, and hardest b. break, build, and fortify c. stop, look, and listen d. unfreeze, change, and refreeze Ans: D AACSB: Group and individual behaviors Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: (1) Stage Theory of Change: Lewin Difficulty Level: Easy 9. Unfreezing involves which of the following things? a. deciding on the change initiative b. ensuring the change sticks long-term c. not being so cold-hearted to customers d. shifting perceptions so employees question the status quo Ans: D AACSB: Group and individual behaviors Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Unfreeze Difficulty Level: Easy 10. During Lewin’s stage of change, which of the following is true? a. Change rollout includes input from employees. b. There is a straightforward plan that is clearly communicated. c. New systems and staff may be added. d. Timing of the implementation is linear and logical. Ans: C AACSB: Group and individual behaviors Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Change Difficulty Level: Medium 11. Lewin’s stage of refreezing is best described by which of the following? a. a stage where no further changes happen in the organization b. a stage after a change project has failed where things go back to the way they were c. a stage where anyone who doesn’t agree with the change is pushed out d. a stage when new patterns and routines are formed around the change Ans: D AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Refreeze or More Appropriately Re-gell Difficulty Level: Medium 12. What are some concerns or shortfalls in Lewin’s model? a. The model is too complicated to be practically operationalized. Deszca, Organizational Change 4e SAGE Publishing, 2020 b. The model lacks sufficient focus on a vision and need for change. c. The model views change as ever present making it difficult to enact a single change initiative. d. The model ends with too much ambiguity of the final state instead of a new normal set in stone. Ans: B AACSB: Application of knowledge Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Refreeze or More Appropriately Re-gell Difficulty Level: Hard 13. What is the first step in Kotter’s model of change? a. Establish a sense of urgency. b. Develop a vision and strategy. c. Identify the need for change. d. Create a guiding coalition. Ans: A AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Kotter’s Eight-Stage Process Difficulty Level: Easy 14. Generating short-term wins is important for what reason? a. to capture the hearts and minds of employees b. to give people an overarching dream of an inspiring future c. to continue pressing forward so that change seeps into the deepest parts of the organization d. to keep employees engaged when change may take a long time Ans: D AACSB: Application of knowledge Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Kotter’s Eight-Stage Process Difficulty Level: Easy 15. Gentile’s Giving Voice to Values is meant to strengthen business students’ skills in what type of situation? a. when negotiating for salary b. when instigating a change project c. when in a situation that runs counter to their principles d. when onboarding new employees Ans: C AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoning Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: (3) Giving Voice to Values: Gentile Difficulty Level: Easy Deszca, Organizational Change 4e SAGE Publishing, 2020 16. What are Duck’s Five Stages of Change? a. preparation, implementation, vacillation, flagellation, completion b. stagnation, preparation, implementation, determination, fruition c. configuration, centralization, fertilization, perspiration, preservation d. anticipation, stimulation, application, determination, acclimatization Ans: B AACSB: Integrating knowledge across fields Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Duck’s Five-Stage Change Curve Difficulty Level: Easy 17. Implementation is best described by which of the following? a. the phase when the change vision is announced and operational planning begins b. the phase when people realize that they have to work to sustain changes and energy wanes c. the phase when things change and people are required to change their work habits d. the phase when the change has been adopted and embedded in the organization Ans: C AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Duck’s Five-Stage Change Curve Difficulty Level: Medium 18. What is Beckhard and Harris’s gap analysis? a. the disconnect between the change plan and what is actually implemented b. the amount of resistance from the employees about the change c. the gap in understanding about the change situation and its stakeholders d. the contrast between the organization’s current reality and the desired future state Ans: D AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: (5) Managing the Change Process: Beckhard and Harris Difficulty Level: Easy 19. What is the purpose of the Awakening stage in the Change Path Model? a. to ensure that organizations are using the newest management and operational theories and practices b. to make sure that employees are staying focused and engaged in their work c. to scan the environment so that the organization is agile and adaptable d. to make sure that employees are collaborating with other areas and that they understand the larger picture of the organization Ans: C AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: (6) The Change Path Model: Deszca and Ingols Difficulty Level: Hard Deszca, Organizational Change 4e SAGE Publishing, 2020 20. What is a key tool used heavily in the institutionalization stage? a. measurement b. urgency c. compelling vision d. gap analysis Ans: A AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: (6) The Change Path Model: Deszca and Ingols Difficulty Level: Medium 21. A gap analysis is used in which of the following ways? a. to frame the vision and paint a picture of the desired state b. to reprimand employees for their poor performance c. to choose the single action plan for the change d. to syphon out culture, relationships, and other things that are not related to change initiatives Ans: A AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Mobilization: Gap Analysis of Hotel Operations Difficulty Level: Medium 22. Which of the following terms describe the final stage in the change process from the various models described in this chapter? a. preparation, consolidating gains to create more change, and acceleration b. mobilization, awakening, determination, and implementation c. institutionalization, fruition, and refreeze d. change, stagnation, and focus on process Ans: C AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Key Terms Difficulty Level: Medium 23. If an organization is crafting a vision for change, what stage in the Change Path Model are they likely in? a. awakening b. acceleration c. institutionalization d. mobilization Ans: D AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Mobilization: Activating the Gap Analysis Deszca, Organizational Change 4e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Difficulty Level: Easy 24. According to Beckhard and Harris, which of the following situations reflects the process of managing the transition? a. trying to embed the change into normal operations moving forward b. transitioning the organization from stagnation to awakening c. utilizing various project management tools to manage the larger shifts in the organization d. trying to get employees on board with the change Ans: A AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: (5) Managing the Change Process: Beckhard and Harris Difficulty Level: Medium 25. Beckhard and Harris’s model focuses heavily on which of the following? a. process b. result c. emotions d. culture Ans: A AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: (5) Managing the Change Process: Beckhard and Harris Difficulty Level: Medium 26. In Duck’s model, what is critical in the preparation stage so the change plan will succeed? a. staff awakening to the fact that they need to live their lives differently b. alignment of organizational leaders c. changing people’s habits d. resisting stagnation Ans: B AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Duck’s Five-Stage Change Curve Difficulty Level: Medium 27. The GVV model must begin with what steps? a. a modified stakeholder evaluation that examines how to influence key people b. making implicit principles explicit c. pre-scripting to practice speaking one’s values d. receiving feedback Ans: B AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoning Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Deszca, Organizational Change 4e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Answer Location: (3) Giving Voice to Values: Gentile Difficulty Level: Easy 28. Which of the following individual behavior makes it so difficult to accomplish organizational change? a. People don’t like to listen to leaders. b. People are predictable; they are settled into their patterns and routines. c. Most people are not early adapters. d. People require financial incentives to change their ways. Ans: B AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: The Processes of Organizational Change Difficulty Level: Medium 29. Which of the models introduced in this chapter focus on the emotional issues associated with organizational change? a. Duck b. Beckhard and Harris c. Lewin d. Deszca-Ingols Ans: A AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Processes of Organizational Change Difficulty Level: Easy 30. What situation is most likely to cause an “unfreezing” of an organization? a. the implementation of a new marketing strategy b. new laws regarding pay and equity c. changes to trade regulations affecting taxes on a company’s products d. an inspiring new local official being elected to office Ans: C AACSB: Analytical thinking Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: (1) Stage Theory of Change: Lewin Difficulty Level: Hard 31. An organization that lacks a widely understood purpose for the change is likely in what stage of Kotter’s model? a. Empower employees. b. Communicate. c. Create a guiding coalition. d. Consolidate gains and produce more change. Ans: B AACSB: Analytical thinking Deszca, Organizational Change 4e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Kotter’s Eight-Stage Process Difficulty Level: Easy 32. What is the key attribute in this chapter that makes organizations competitive? a. profitability b. efficiency c. agility d. talent Ans: C AACSB: Analytical thinking Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Kotter’s Eight-Stage Process Difficulty Level: Medium 33. What attribute is true of all models presented in this chapter? a. prescriptive b. system-level c. granular d. process focus Ans: D AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Processes of Organizational Change Difficulty Level: Medium True/False 1. Kotter’s model of change asserts that every change is different and that change can be implemented through a variety of different paths or steps in varying order. Ans: F AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: (2) Stage Model of Organizational Change: Kotter Difficulty Level: Easy 2. According to Duck’s model, determination describes the emotional state of leaders when they first identify the need for change. Ans: F AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Duck’s Five-Stage Change Curve Difficulty Level: Medium 3. The Change Path Model provides thorough instructions for enacting change that should be followed closely to ensure success. Deszca, Organizational Change 4e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Ans: F AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: (6) The Change Path Model: Deszca and Ingols Difficulty Level: Easy 4. It is not always easy for leaders to articulate why an organization should change. Ans: T AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Awakening: Why Change? Difficulty Level: Hard 5. The Giving Voice to Values model focuses on theory. Ans: F AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoning Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: (3) Giving Voice to Values: Gentile Difficulty Level: Easy Short Answer 1. Give an example of an organization that scanned its environment and changed to match shifts in the environment. Ans: Restaurants tailoring offerings to trends favoring organic and sustainable food sourcing; iTunes providing an online radio to satisfy the need for streaming radio apps AACSB: Contexts of organizations in a global society Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Introduction Difficulty Level: Medium 2. Describe Lewin’s stage of unfreezing. Ans: Dislodging current beliefs and assumptions. Beginning to question the status quo. Must happen at all levels and won’t all happen at once. AACSB: Leading in organizational situations Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Unfreeze Difficulty Level: Medium 3. Provide an example of a situation where someone practices giving voice to values. Ans: Any situation where someone is put in a situation counter to their values and the person is able to articulate their values and stand up for them. For example, business pressure to use bribes to increase profitability. Response of employee standing up for their values and refusing to act unethically. AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoning Cognitive Domain: Application Deszca, Organizational Change 4e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Answer Location: GVV and Organizational Change Difficulty Level: Medium 4. Please describe some of the significant pieces of the mobilization stage. Ans: Answers may include the gap analysis, engaging others in the process and getting buy-in, communicating with the entire organization, and a thorough analysis of the organization, its environment, and its stakeholders AACSB: Application of knowledge Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: (6) The Change Path Model: Deszca and Ingols Difficulty Level: Medium 5. Provide an example of an ethically dubious situation in the news right now and what values or principles you feel are at risk. Ans: Examples may include The Muller report and questions of obstruction of justice, the college bribery scandal, and Bob Kraft prostitution charges. These all impinge on values of integrity, honesty, and respect. AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoning Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: (3) Giving Voice to Values: Gentile Difficulty Level: Medium