Test Bank For Organization Development the Process of Leading Organizational Change, 5th Edition

Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Test Bank CHAPTER 2: HISTORY OF ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT Multiple Choice 1. The National Training Laboratory (NTL) in Group Development was founded by Kenneth Benne, Leland Bradford, and Ronald Lippitt, who were inspired by which scholar? a. Douglas Beckhard b. Kurt Lewin c. Herbert Shepard d. Wendell French Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Laboratory Training and T-Groups Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Thinking creatively 2. Which researcher’s work was an effort to understand and create personal and social change, with the objective of building and growing democracy in society? a. Rensis Likert b. Fred Emery c. Kurt Lewin d. Douglas MacGregor Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Laboratory Training and T-Groups Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors 3. Which of the following phrases did Lewin invent? a. group dynamics b. group leadership c. group behavior d. group patterns Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Laboratory Training and T-Groups Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors 4. As a result to the research with the Connecticut Interracial Commission, ______ were born. a. lab groups b. leadership groups Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 c. sociotechnical groups d. T-groups Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Laboratory Training and T-Groups Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Diverse and multicultural work environments 5. The common objective of each T-group, regardless of the process the groups followed was ______. a. to demonstrate understanding by the group leaders being active in posing questions and suggesting activities that participants should automatically involve themselves with b. to have trainers serve as leaders and demonstrate to the group what processes to follow so that participants would continue those behaviors when returned home c. to create interpersonal change by allowing individuals to learn about their own and others’ behavior, so that the education could be translated into more effective behavior when the participants returned home d. to have participants engage in discussion with the researchers so that they could share what actually occurred within the various interactions so that researchers were more informed Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Laboratory Training and T-Groups Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork 6. What is considered to be one of the earliest fads in the field of management occurred as a result of ______. a. lab groups b. leadership groups c. sociotechnical groups d. T-groups Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Laboratory Training and T-Groups Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Systems and processes in organizations 7. Which of the following is now referred to as a commonly used form of scale for measurement? a. Rensis Scale b. Likert Scale c. Survey Scale d. Research Scale Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Survey Feedback Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Systems and processes in organizations 8. Lewin referred to ______ as a model to capture the idea that the research projects at their core always had both pragmatic and theoretical components, and that rigorous scientific methods could be used to gather data about groups and to intervene in their processes. a. laboratory training b. action research c. survey feedback d. management practices Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Action Research, Survey Feedback, and Sociotechnical Systems Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Making sound decisions 9. Two criteria, addressing questions of larger significance and making the results known to other researchers and practitioners, formed the core of the action research process. One initial project that met this criteria was a survey feedback project at ______. a. Survey Research Center b. Connecticut Interracial Commission c. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) d. Detroit Edison Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Survey Feedback Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Statistics/quantitative methods 10. Which of the following was not an objective of the research project at Detroit Edison? a. to develop through first-hand experience an understanding of the problems of producing change b. to improve relationships c. to insinuate factors related to change d. to develop working hypotheses for later, more directed research Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Survey Feedback Difficulty Level: Hard Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations 11. Which of the following was not reported by the employees in the experimental accounting departments at Detroit Edison? a. how well the supervisors in their department got along together b. how often their supervisors held meetings and how effective the meetings were c. how much their supervisor understood the way employees look at and felt about things d. how well supervisors linked pay for performance with employees Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Survey Feedback Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge 12. In STS, which two systems are focused heavily on? a. social and technological b. social and environmental c. technological and environmental d. environmental and cultural Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Sociotechnical Systems Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Systems and processes in organizations 13. Which scholar(s) suggested “the theoretical assumptions management holds about controlling its human resources determine the whole character of the enterprise?” a. MacGregor b. Blake and Mouton c. Herzberg d. Lewin Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Management Practices Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Reflective thinking 14. Which of the following theories is a more optimistic view of people and work? a. Theory X b. Theory V c. Theory Y d. Theory Z Ans: C Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Management Practices Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking 15. Which of the following of Likert’s four systems of management relates to managers using rewards occasionally, but also punishment, information flow being mostly downward, and most decisions being made at the highest levels? a. System 1 b. System 2 c. System 3 d. System 4 Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Management Practices Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations 16. Which of the following of Likert’s four systems of management relates to managers involving groups in setting and measuring goals, information flowing in all directions, and decisions making is done throughout the organization? a. System 1 b. System 2 c. System 3 d. System 4 Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Management Practices Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations 17. The Managerial Grid mapped scores related to concern for production and concern for people; the scores ranged from ______ to ______. a. 1; 5 b. 1; 7 c. 1; 9 d. 1;11 Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Management Practices Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations 18. Herzberg’s research suspected that ______ was not the opposite of ______. a. motivation; job satisfaction b. job satisfaction; job dissatisfaction Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 c. job dissatisfaction; motivation d. job satisfaction; hygiene factors Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Management Practices Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking 19. Which of the following is not a key motivator that contributes to job enrichment? a. achievement and quality performance b. responsibility c. advancement, growth, and learning d. company policies and administrative practices Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Management Practices Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Reflective thinking 20. Which of the following is not a hygiene factor, which can cause job dissatisfaction? a. recognition for achievement b. supervision c. physical working conditions d. job security Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Management Practices Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Reflective thinking 21. As firms realized the ______ of a product strongly impacted the profitability and competitiveness of the organization, they began to pay attention to management styles that would increase workers’ ability and motivation to improve such. a. ROI b. quality c. defects d. capabilities Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Quality and Employee Involvement Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Systems and processes in organizations Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 22. Juran argued that quality had two main characteristics: fitness for use and ______. a. improved instrumentation b. acceptable defects c. control for quality d. freedom from defects Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Quality and Employee Involvement Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking 23. Juran popularized the ______, the idea that explains 80 percent of quality defects by 20 percent of the causes. a. Peter Principle b. Pareto Principle c. Popular Principle d. TQM Principle Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Quality and Employee Involvement Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Systems and processes in organizations 24. Which of the following terms can be defined as “the shared attitudes, values, beliefs, and customs of members of a social unit or organization?” a. organization b. intervention c. culture d. employee involvement Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Organizational Culture Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork 25. Cultures perpetuate themselves through ______, particularly when new members to the culture are reprimanded for violating cultural norms or rewarded for assimilation. a. socialization b. employee involvement c. supervision d. experimentation Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Organizational Culture Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors 26. OD practice continued to rapidly grow in the 1980s and 1990s. Which of the following labels was not utilized? a. strategic change b. change management c. reengineering d. transactional change Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Change Management, Strategic Change, and Reengineering Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations 27. Chris Argyris is noted as being a major contributor to the field of ______. a. organizational change b. organizational learning c. organizational leading d. organizational behavior Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Organizational Learning Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking 28. Which process of learning refers to correcting mistakes as they occur? a. single-loop learning b. double-loop learning c. deutero-learning d. triple-loop learning Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Organizational Learning Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge 29. Which process of learning occurs when organizational members understand how and when they learn and develop an environment in which learning can occur? a. single-loop learning b. double-loop learning c. deutero-learning d. triple-loop learning Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Analysis Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Answer Location: Organizational Learning Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge 30. Which process of learning occurs in which we question or modify policies, objectives, or practices to prevent errors the next time? a. single-loop learning b. double-loop learning c. deutero-learning d. triple-loop learning Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Organizational Learning Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge 31. Senge indicated organizations needed to build capacity in several areas, one of which relates to the leadership ability and responsibility to rally organizational members around a single vision that motivates them ______. a. systems thinking b. personal mastery c. building shared vision d. team learning Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Organizational Learning Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations 32. Senge indicated organizations needed to build capacity in several areas, one of which relates to the choice to engage in and commit to a personal vision, goals, and development ______. a. systems thinking b. personal mastery c. building shared vision d. mental models Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Organizational Learning Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations 33. ______ has now become both an evaluation mechanism of OD effectiveness and an intervention in itself. a. Organizational engagement b. Change management Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 c. Organizational learning d. Employee engagement Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Organizational Learning Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations 34. Many OD practitioners are now exchanging the term organization development instead with ______. a. organizational effectiveness b. organizational learning c. organizational management d. organizational engagement Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Organizational Effectiveness and Employee Engagement Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge 35. Which of the following terms refers to “the individual’s involvement and satisfaction with as well as enthusiasm for work?” a. organizational effectiveness b. employee satisfaction c. employee engagement d. organizational learning Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Organizational Effectiveness and Employee Engagement Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Reflective thinking 36. Which well-known organization presently conducts an employee engagement survey called the Q12? a. MIT b. University of Michigan c. Forbes d. Gallup Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Organizational Effectiveness and Employee Engagement Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge 37. Which of the following is not a relevant example of an organization demonstrating agility in the industry? Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 a. Blockbuster b. Hulu c. Netflix d. Amazon Video Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Agility and Collaboration Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Reflective thinking 38. Which of the following characteristics of agility relates to agile organizations pivoting as needed to take advantage of opportunities as they sense them? a. fast b. flexible c. futuristic d. focused Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Agility and Collaboration Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Reflective thinking 39. Which of the following characteristics of agility relates to organizations doing a better job of selecting ideas that will deliver on environmental demands? a. fast b. flexible c. futuristic d. focused Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Agility and Collaboration Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Reflective thinking 40. OD is ______. a. multiple methods, perspectives, approaches, and values that influence how it is practiced b. a methodical set of rigid practices c. focused on solely individual growth regarding how individuals influence organizations decisions d. a one-size-fits-all approach Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Summary Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Reflective thinking Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 True/False 1. The practice of OD is just in its second decade. Ans: F Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: History of Organization Development Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking 2. Chapter 2 identifies six strands of OD research and practice. Ans: F Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: History of Organization Development Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking 3. In the earlier recognized laboratory/T-group training/workshops, organization members were not invited to participate in discussion and to share their own interpretations. Ans: F Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Laboratory Training and T-Groups Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Reflective thinking 4. In the further research conducted at Detroit Edison, specifically with the eight accounting departments, there was no reported difference among the groups that had taken action compared to the groups that had taken no action. Ans: F Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Survey Feedback Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork 5. MacGregor, Likert, Blake and Mouton, and Herzberg sought to persuade the practitioner community that there was a more optimistic and humanistic alternative to management. Ans: T Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Management Practices Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 6. Deming’s quality control method is often referred to now as total quality management. Ans: T Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Quality and Employee Involvement Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Systems and processes in organizations 7. Quality circles do not involve employees in improving the work environment and the quality of the output by making suggestions to upper management for areas of improvement. Ans: F Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Quality and Employee Involvement Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations 8. Organizational cultures also exist within local or national cultures that have their own influence on the behaviors of organizational members. Ans: T Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Organizational Culture Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors 9. The ability to effectively adopt change became the difference between successful and mediocre organizations. Ans: T Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Change Management, Strategic Change, and Reengineering Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations 10. To illustrate why organizations often succeed at learning, Argyris developed two models of managerial thinking: Model I and Model II. Ans: F Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Organizational Learning Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge Essay 1. Summarize the nine strands of OD that Chapter 2 discussed. How have each of these strands influenced OD today? Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Ans: Each of the following should be discussed: laboratory training and T-groups; action research, survey feedback, and sociotechnical systems; management practices; quality and employee involvement; organizational culture; change management, strategic change, and reengineering; organizational learning; organizational effectiveness and employee engagement; and agility and collaboration. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: History of Organization Development Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge 2. Discuss the relevance or importance of participants being included within the discussions during laboratory training/T-groups. Ans: When this first occurred, it led to a promising new pattern in which researchers reported on their observations and the participants listened, reflected, and shared their own interpretations of their own behavior. The following conclusion has been noted: group members, if they were confronted more or less objectively with data concerned their own behavior and its effects and if they came to participate non-defensively in thinking about these data, might achieve highly meaningful learnings about themselves, about the responses of others to them, and about group behavior and group development in general. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Laboratory Training and T-Groups Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors 3. How would you define and describe action research? Ans: Responses may vary. Information should include mention of using research findings and translating them into practical, actionable knowledge that could be used by practitioners to improve groups and solve their problems. A key notion of action research is that the research projects always have both pragmatic and theoretical components, and that rigorous scientific methods could be used to gather data about the groups and to intervene in the processes. Two important developments from action research are a survey feedback process and the field of sociotechnical systems. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Action Research, Survey Feedback, and Sociotechnical Systems Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge 4. Distinguish between Theory X and Theory Y. Ans: Responses should include characteristics of each theory, specifically regarding Theory X having more negative assumptions of people and their work, whereas Theory Y articulates a more optimistic view of people and their work. Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Management Practices Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Reflective thinking 5. Thoroughly detail the components within Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory. Ans: Various responses will be submitted. Key components should include hygiene factors, motivating factors, contributions to job enrichment, and how they relate to job satisfaction and/or job dissatisfaction. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Management Practices Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge