Test Bank for Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology: A Clinical Approach, 5th Edition

Chapter 2: Structure and Function of Cells, Tissues, and Organs Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Simple squamous epithelium functions as a lining in which location? a. Mouth b. Vagina c. Kidney d. Pharynx ANS: C Feedback A B C D The mouth is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. The vagina is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. Correct. The kidney is lined with simple squamous epithelium. The pharynx is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. REF: Table 2.1, page 20 OBJ: 1 2. Which cell supports the nervous system? a. Myoblast b. Neuroglia c. Leukocyte d. Melanocyte ANS: B Feedback A B C D Neuroglial cells, not myoblasts, support the nervous system. Correct. Liver tissue is produced by endodermal cells. Neuroglial cells, not leukocytes, support the nervous system. Neuroglial cells, not melanocytes, support the nervous system. REF: Neural Tissue, page 20 OBJ: 1 3. Connective tissue is classified as ______________. a. dense, striated, or smooth b. simple, stratified, or squamous c. dense, loose, or loose with special properties d. dense, elastic, or elastic with special properties ANS: C Feedback A B C D Connective tissue is classified as dense, loose, or loose with special properties. Connective tissue is classified as dense, loose, or loose with special properties. Correct. Connective tissue is loose, dense, or loose with special properties. Connective tissue is classified as dense, loose, or loose with special properties. REF: Connective Tissue, page 22 OBJ: 1 4. What are the three types of muscle tissue? a. Cardiac, skeletal, smooth b. Striated, voluntary, smooth c. Cardiac, skeletal, voluntary d. Voluntary, involuntary, striated ANS: A Feedback A B C D Correct. There are three types of muscle tissue—cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. Muscle tissue is classified as cardiac, skeletal, or smooth. Muscle tissue is classified as cardiac, skeletal, or smooth. Muscle tissue is classified as cardiac, skeletal, or smooth. REF: Muscle Tissue, page 24 OBJ: 1 5. How does epithelial tissue renew itself? a. Mitosis of the basal cells b. Mitosis of the granular layer of cells c. By shedding or sloughing the surface cells d. Through nourishment of nearby blood vessels ANS: A Feedback A B C D Correct. Epithelium regenerates through mitosis of the basal cells. Epithelial cells regenerate through basal cell mitosis. Epithelial cells regenerate through basal cell mitosis. Epithelial cells regenerate through basal cell mitosis. REF: Epithelial Tissue, page 19 OBJ: 1 6. Buccal mucosa renews itself in ____ days. a. 1 to 2 b. 3 to 4 c. 5 to 9 d. 10 to 14 ANS: D Feedback A B C D Buccal mucosa is replenished every 10 to 14 days, as opposed to 1 to 2 days. Buccal mucosa is replenished every 10 to 14 days, as opposed to 3 to 4 days. Buccal mucosa is replenished every 10 to 14 days, as opposed to 5 to 9 days. Correct. Buccal mucosa is replenished every 10 to 14 days. REF: Epithelial Tissue, page 19 OBJ: 1 7. The junctional epithelium of gingiva is replenished every _____ days. a. 1 to 3 b. 4 to 6 c. 7 to 9 d. 10 to 13 ANS: B Feedback A B C D Junctional epithelium renews every 4 to 6 days, rather than 1 to 3 days. Correct. The junctional epithelium of the gingiva is renewed every 4 to 6 days. Junctional epithelium renews every 4 to 6 days, rather than 7 to 9 days. Junctional epithelium renews every 4 to 6 days, rather than 10 to 13 days. REF: Epithelial Tissue, page 19 OBJ: 1 8. Which term represents a single layer of cells? a. Simple b. Stratified c. Cuboidal d. Columnar ANS: A Feedback A B C D Correct. The term simple describes a single layer of cells. The term stratified describes several layers of cells. The term cuboidal describes a cube-shaped cell. The term columnar describes a column-shaped cell. REF: Epithelial Tissue, page 19 OBJ: 2 9. Which epithelium consists of several layers, with only the basal cell layer in contact with the basal lamina? a. Simple b. Stratified c. Squamous d. Pseudostratified ANS: B Feedback A B C D Simple epithelium has only one layer of cells. Correct. Stratified epithelium consists of several layers, but only the basal cell layer is in contact with the basal lamina. Squamous epithelial cells are characterized as flat, scale-shaped cells. Pseudostratified epithelial cells contact the basal lamina, but not the surface. REF: Epithelial Tissue, page 19 OBJ: 1 10. All body sensations are relayed to the ______and the _______. a. b. c. d. brain, spinal cord afferent, efferent systems voluntary, involuntary muscles sympathetic, parasympathetic divisions ANS: A Feedback A B C D Correct. Sensations received anywhere in the body are relayed to the brain and the spinal cord. The brain and spinal cord relay all sensations transmitted within the body. The brain and spinal cord relay all sensations transmitted within the body. The brain and spinal cord relay all sensations transmitted within the body. REF: Neural System, page 29 OBJ: 2 11. Impulses conducted from the periphery of the body (e.g., muscles, glands) to the central nervous system (CNS) are conducted through which system? a. Motor b. Somatic c. Afferent d. Autonomic ANS: C Feedback A B C D Nerve impulses conducted from the periphery to the CNS travel via afferent, not motor, neurons. Nerve impulses conducted from the periphery to the CNS travel via afferent, not somatic, pathways. Correct. The afferent (or sensory) system conducts neural impulses from the periphery to the CNS. Nerve impulses conducted from the periphery to the CNS travel thorough afferent, not autonomic, pathways. REF: Neural System, page 29 OBJ: 2 12. Impulses pass from the CNS to involuntary muscles via the _____ system. a. sensory b. afferent c. somatic d. autonomic ANS: D Feedback A B C Afferent (sensory) nerve processes carry impulses from the peripheral muscles to the CNS. Afferent (sensory) nerve processes carry impulses from the peripheral muscles to the CNS. Somatic pathways relay neural impulses to voluntary muscles. D Correct. Autonomic pathways relay neural impulses to involuntary muscles. REF: Neural System, page 29 OBJ: 3 13. Which body system relies on neural stimuli to function? a. Vascular b. Digestive c. Endocrine d. Respiratory ANS: C Feedback A B C D The endocrine, not vascular, system depends on neural stimuli to function. The endocrine, not digestive, system depends on neural stimuli to function. Correct. The endocrine system depends heavily on neural stimuli to function. The endocrine, not respiratory, system depends on neural stimuli to function. REF: Neural System, page 29 OBJ: 2 14. The absorption of nutrients occurs in which location? a. Mouth b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine ANS: D Feedback A B C D Nutrient absorption takes place in the large intestine, not the mouth. Nutrient absorption takes place in the large intestine, not the stomach. Nutrient absorption takes place in the large intestine, not the small intestine. Correct. Nutrient absorption takes place in the large intestine. REF: Digestive System, page 29 OBJ: 2 15. Internal organs (viscera) receive most of their neural impulses from which nervous system? a. Somatic b. Sensory c. Afferent d. Autonomic ANS: D Feedback A B C D Somatic pathways relay neural impulses to voluntary muscles. Afferent (sensory) nerve processes carry impulses from the peripheral muscles to the CNS. Afferent (sensory) nerve processes carry impulses from the peripheral muscles to the CNS. Correct. Internal organs receive most of their neural impulses from the autonomic nervous system. REF: Neural System, page 29 OBJ: 3 16. Each is part of a neuron, except one. Which is the exception? a. Axon b. Plasma c. Dendrite d. Perikaryon ANS: B Feedback A B C D The axon conducts the nerve impulse away from the perikaryon. Correct. Plasma, the fluid part of blood, is not a component of the neuron. The dendrite receives nerve impulses. The perikaryon is the cell body of the neuron. REF: Neural Tissue, pages 20 – 22 OBJ: 2 17. Which of the following insulates axons located outside the CNS? a. Bone b. Endomysium c. Myelin sheath d. Connective tissue ANS: C Feedback A B C D A myelin sheath protects and insulates axons located outside the CNS; bone does not. A myelin sheath protects and insulates axons located outside the CNS; endomysium does not. Correct. A myelin sheath protects and insulates axons located outside the CNS. A myelin sheath protects and insulates axons located outside the CNS; connective tissue does not. REF: Neural Tissue, page 22 OBJ: 2 18. Neuroglia cells are __________ numerous than neurons. a. slightly less b. slightly more c. significantly less d. significantly more ANS: D Feedback A B C Neuroglia cells are significantly more, not slightly less, numerous than neurons. Neuroglia cells are significantly, not slightly, more numerous than neurons. Neuroglia cells are significantly more, not less, numerous than neurons. D Correct. Neuroglia cells are 5- to 50-fold more numerous than neurons. REF: Neural Tissue, page 22 OBJ: 2 19. The spinal cord consists of how many segments? a. 21 b. 22 c. 30 d. 31 ANS: D Feedback A B C D The spinal cord consists of 31, not 21, segments. The spinal cord consists of 31, not 22, segments. The spinal cord consists of 31, not 30, segments. Correct. The spinal cord consists of 31 segments. REF: Neural System, page 29 OBJ: 3 20. Ligaments and tendons are composed of which tissue? a. Neural b. Muscle c. Epithelial d. Connective ANS: D Feedback A B C D Ligaments and tendons are made of dense connective, not neural, tissue. Ligaments and tendons are made of dense connective, not muscle, tissue. Ligaments and tendons are made of dense connective, not epithelial, tissue. Correct. Ligaments and tendons are made of dense connective tissue. REF: Connective Tissue, page 22 OBJ: 2 21. Which of the following is not a type of cartilage? a. Dense b. Elastic c. Fibrous d. Hyaline ANS: A Feedback A B C D Correct. There are three types of cartilage—hyaline, elastic, and fibrous. Elastic cartilage can be found in the epiglottis. Fibrous cartilage can be found in the vertebral disks. Hyaline cartilage can be found in the nose. REF: Cartilage, page 23 OBJ: 2 22. Which organ is part of the lymphatic system? a. Thyroid b. Thymus c. Pancreas d. Parathyroid ANS: B Feedback A B C D The thyroid is part of the endocrine, not lymphatic, system. Correct. The lymphoid organs include the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. The pancreas is part of the endocrine, not lymphatic, system. The parathyroid is part of the endocrine, not lymphatic, system. REF: Lymphatic System, page 30 OBJ: 2 23. Which of the following is not a major function of the urinary system? a. Controls blood volume b. Controls blood pressure c. Controls testosterone levels d. Controls urine composition ANS: C Feedback A B C D Blood volume control is a major function of the urinary system. Blood pressure control is a major function of the urinary system. Correct. Testosterone levels are controlled by the reproductive system, not the urinary system. Urine composition is a major function of the urinary system. REF: Urinary System, page 33 OBJ: 3 24. Which function is associated with the skin? a. Excretes waste products b. Absorbs nutrients from ingested food c. Supplies a framework for muscle and ligament attachments d. Relays information from the glands to the central nervous system ANS: A Feedback A B C D Correct. A major function of the skin is excretion of waste products (e.g., carbon dioxide, water, salts, urea). Absorption of nutrients is a function of the digestive system. The skeletal system supplies the framework for muscle and ligament attachments. The nervous system relays information from the glands to the central nervous system. REF: Intagumentary or Skin System, page 28 OBJ: 3 25. Which organ system is the largest? a. Digestive b. Endocrine c. Respiratory d. Integumentary ANS: D Feedback A B C D The integumentary (skin) system is larger than the digestive system. The integumentary (skin) system is larger than the endocrine system. The integumentary (skin) system is larger than the respiratory system. Correct. The integumentary (skin) system is the largest organ system in the human body. REF: Intagumentary or Skin System, page 28 OBJ: 3 TRUE/FALSE 1. Blood provides protection from bacteria. ANS: T REF: Blood, page 23 OBJ: 2 2. Bone is calcified connective tissue. ANS: T REF: Bone, page 23 OBJ: 2 3. Osteoporosis affects men at an earlier age than women. ANS: F REF: Consider the Patient, page 28 OBJ: 2 4. Equilibrium is controlled by tiny organs, which are located in the middle ear. ANS: F REF: Special Senses, page 35 OBJ: 3 COMPLETION 1. The three functions of the _____ _____ are to absorb nutrition, dehydrate food, and compress food into solid waste. ANS: large intestine REF: Digestive System, page 29 OBJ: 2 2. _______ line the respiratory tract to move foreign particles out of the respiratory system. ANS: Cilia REF: Respiratory System, page 29 OBJ: 2 3. ________ return blood to the heart. ANS: Veins REF: Vascular System, page 29 OBJ: 2 SHORT ANSWER 1. Identify the four primary types of tissue. ANS: Neural, epithelial, connective, muscle REF: Cells and Tissues, pages 19 – 24 OBJ: 1 2. List the components of the central nervous system. ANS: Brain, spinal cord REF: Neural System, page 29 OBJ: 2 3. Which two layers compose the skin? ANS: Epidermis, dermis REF: Intagumentary or Skin System, page 28 OBJ: 2 4. Which organ system secretes and regulates hormones in the blood? ANS: Endocrine system REF: Endocrine System, page 33 OBJ: 3