Test Bank For Essentials of Genetics, 10th Edition

Essentials of Genetics, 10e (Klug) Chapter 2 Mitosis and Meiosis 1) Living organisms are categorized into two major groups based on the presence or absence of a nucleus. What group is defined by the presence of a nucleus? A) eukaryotic organism B) virus C) eubacterium D) archaea E) bacteriophage Answer: A Section: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 2) What is the name of the membranous structure that compartmentalizes the cytoplasm of eukaryotic organisms? A) ribosome B) mitochondria C) cytosol D) endoplasmic reticulum E) nucleoid Answer: D Section: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 3) Organized by the centrioles, what structures are important in the movement of chromosomes during cell division? A) mitochondria B) chloroplasts C) cell walls D) spindle fibers E) centromeres Answer: D Section: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 4) Which of the following is not a true statement about mitochondria? A) the mitochondrial genome is contained in the nucleus B) the mitochondria duplicate themselves C) the mitochondria transcribe and translate their own genetic information D) mitochondria are found in plants and animals E) mitochondria are sites for cellular respiration Answer: A Section: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 1 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 5) The nucleolus organizer region (NOR) is responsible for production of what type of cell structure? A) nucleolus B) ribosome C) chromatids D) mitochondria E) endoplasmic reticulum Answer: B Section: 2.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 6) Which of the following terms defines a chromosome in which the centromere is near one end, but not at the end of a chromosome? A) acentric B) submetacentric C) metacentric D) acrocentric E) telocentric Answer: D Section: 2.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 7) The diploid chromosome number of an organism is usually represented as 2n. Humans have a diploid chromosome number of 46. What would be the expected haploid chromosome number in a human? A) 92 B) 16 C) 12 D) 24 E) 23 Answer: E Section: 2.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 8) Which of the following is incorrect? A) a locus is a gene site on a chromosome B) an allele is an alternate form of the same gene C) sex chromosomes are not strictly homologous D) homologous chromosomes contain identical genetic information E) a karyotype is generated from a metaphase spread Answer: D Section: 2.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 9) Which of the following is true about sex-determining chromosomes? A) They are independent during meiosis. B) They do not participate in meiosis. C) They act like homologous chromosomes during meiosis so each gamete will get one sex chromosome. D) They have the same gene configuration and same loci. E) They are always metacentric. Answer: C Section: 2.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 10) During interphase of the cell cycle, ________. A) centrioles migrate B) sister chromatids move to opposite poles C) the nuclear membrane disappears D) cytokinesis occurs E) DNA content essentially doubles Answer: E Section: 2.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 11) What significant genetic function occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle? A) cytokinesis B) karyokinesis C) DNA synthesis D) chromosome condensation E) centromere division Answer: C Section: 2.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 12) When cells withdraw from the continuous cell cycle and enter a “quiescent” phase, they are said to be in what stage? A) G1 B) G2 C) G0 D) M E) S Answer: C Section: 2.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 3 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 13) A cell in the G2 phase of the cell cycle ________. A) contains twice as much DNA as in the G1 phase B) contains twice as many chromosomes as in the G1 phase C) contains twice as much DNA and twice as many chromosomes as in the G1 phase D) contains the same amount of DNA as in the G1 phase E) contains the same amount of chromatids as in the G1 phase Answer: A Section: 2.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 14) Which of the following represents the correct sequence of events in mitosis? A) prophase-metaphase-prometaphase-anaphase-telophase B) telophase-prophase-prometaphase-metaphase-anaphase C) prophase-prometaphase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase D) prometaphase-prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase E) anaphase-metaphase-prometaphase-prophase-telophase Answer: C Section: 2.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 15) Migration of chromosomes is made possible by the binding of the spindle to the ________. A) kinetochore B) telomere C) centriole D) equatorial plate E) centrosome Answer: A Section: 2.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 16) Which protein directly holds the chromatid arms together prior to anaphase of mitosis? A) shugoshin B) cohesin C) separase D) middle lamella E) histone Answer: B Section: 2.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 17) The event referred to as disjunction occurs during ________. A) prophase B) prometaphase C) metaphase D) anaphase E) telophase Answer: D Section: 2.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 18) Normal diploid somatic (body) cells of the mosquito Culex pipiens contain six chromosomes. Assuming that all nuclear DNA is restricted to chromosomes and that the amount of nuclear DNA essentially doubles during the S phase of interphase, how much nuclear DNA would be present in metaphase I of mitosis? Note: Assume that the G1 nucleus of a mosquito cell contains 3.0 × 10-12 grams of DNA. A) 3.0 × 10−12 g B) 6.0 × 10−12 g C) 1.5 × 10−12 g D) 0.75 × 10−12 g E) 12 × 10−12 g Answer: B Section: 2.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating 19) At which stage of cell division do sister chromatids go to opposite poles? A) mitotic anaphase and anaphase of meiosis I B) mitotic anaphase and anaphase of meiosis II C) anaphase of meiosis I only D) mitotic anaphase only E) when they don’t get along Answer: B Section: 2.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 20) Which of the following are the areas where chromatids intertwine during meiosis? A) synapsis B) chiasma C) tetrad D) bivalent E) nondisjunction Answer: B Section: 2.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 21) During meiosis, chromosome number reduction takes place in ________. A) anaphase II B) anaphase I C) metaphase I D) prophase I E) telophase II Answer: B Section: 2.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 22) A bivalent at prophase I contains ________ chromatids. A) one B) two C) three D) four E) eight Answer: D Section: 2.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating 23) In an organism with 52 chromosomes, how many tetrads would be expected to form during meiosis? A) 13 B) 26 C) 52 D) 104 E) 208 Answer: B Section: 2.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating 24) In an organism with 52 chromosomes, how many chromatids would be expected in each cell after the second meiotic division? A) 52 B) 26 C) 13 D) 104 E) 208 Answer: B Section: 2.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating 6 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 25) The meiotic cell cycle involves ________ number of cell division(s) and ________ number of DNA replication(s). A) one; one B) one; two C) two; one D) two; two E) two; zero Answer: C Section: 2.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 26) If a typical somatic cell has 64 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are expected in each gamete of that organism? A) 8 B) 16 C) 32 D) 64 E) 128 Answer: C Section: 2.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 7 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 27) The ant, Myrmecia pilosula, is found in Australia and is named bulldog because of its aggressive behavior. It is particularly interesting because it carries all its genetic information in a single pair of chromosomes. In other words, 2n = 2. (Males are haploid and have just one chromosome.) Which of the following figures would most likely represent a correct configuration of chromosomes in a metaphase I cell of a female? A) B) C) D) E) Answer: A Section: 2.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating 8 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 28) For the purposes of this question, assume that a G1 somatic cell nucleus in a female Myrmecia pilosula contains 2 picograms of DNA. How much DNA would be expected in a metaphase I cell of a female? A) 16 picograms B) 32 picograms C) 8 picograms D) 4 picograms E) Not enough information is provided to answer the question. Answer: D Section: 2.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating 29) What is the outcome of synapsis, a significant event in meiosis? A) side-by-side alignment of nonhomologous chromosomes B) dyad formation C) monad movement to opposite poles D) side-by-side alignment of homologous chromosomes E) chiasma segregation Answer: D Section: 2.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 30) Which of the following is true about the second meiotic division? A) Sister chromatids disjoin and are pulled to opposite poles. B) Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart resulting in dyads at each pole. C) Nondisjunction would lead to extra bivalents forming. D) Synapsis occurs in the second meiotic division. E) The products are four identical gametes. Answer: A Section: 2.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 9 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 31) The accompanying sketch depicts a cell from an organism in which 2n = 2 and each chromosome is metacentric. Which of the following is the correct stage for this sketch? A) anaphase of mitosis B) anaphase of meiosis I C) anaphase of meiosis II D) telophase of mitosis E) telophase of meiosis II Answer: C Section: 2.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Evaluating 32) The horse (Equus caballus) has 32 pairs of chromosomes, whereas the donkey (Equus asinus) has 31 pairs of chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be expected in the somatic tissue of a mule, which is a hybrid of these two animals? A) 63 B) 64 C) 62 D) 60 E) 126 Answer: A Section: 2.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 33) In figure 2-10, an organism with a haploid number of 2 (diploid 4) generates 4 combinations of chromosomes at the end of meiosis. An organism with a haploid number of 4 would generate 16 chromosomal combinations, and that of 6 would generate 64 chromosomal combinations. Based on this pattern, an organism with a haploid number of 10 will produce ________ combinations of chromosomes at the end of meiosis. A) 10 B) 100 C) 10,000 D) 32 E) 1024 Answer: E Section: 2.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating 10 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 34) An organism with a diploid chromosome number of 46 will produce ________ combinations of chromosomes at the end of meiosis. A) 23 B) 46 C) 8388608 D) 529 E) 7.04 × 1013 Answer: C Section: 2.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating 35) Which of the following is not a source of genetic variation in meiosis? A) crossing over B) law of independent assortment C) the random lining up of chromosomes on the metaphase plate D) tetrad formation E) polar body formation Answer: E Section: 2.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 36) In a healthy male, how many sperm cells would be expected to form from (a) 400 primary spermatocytes? (b) 400 secondary spermatocytes? A) (a) 800; (b) 800 B) (a) 1600; (b) 1600 C) (a) 1600; (b) 800 D) (a) 400; (b) 400 E) (a) 400; (b) 800 Answer: C Section: 2.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 37) In a healthy female, how many secondary oocytes would be expected to form from 100 primary oocytes? How many first polar bodies would be expected from 100 primary oocytes? A) 200; 50 B) 100; 50 C) 200; 200 D) 100; 100 E) 50; 50 Answer: D Section: 2.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 11 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 38) There is about as much nuclear DNA in a primary spermatocyte as in ________ spermatids. A) 0.5 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4 Answer: E Section: 2.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing 39) List, in order of appearance, all the cell types expected to be formed during spermatogenesis. A) spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, spermatozoa B) primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatozoa, spermatid, spermatogonia C) spermatozoa, spermatid, spermatogonia , primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte D) spermatogonia, spermatozoa, spermatid, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte E) primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, spermatozoa, spermatogonia Answer: A Section: 2.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 40) In plants, spores are produced by the process of ________. A) binary fission B) mitosis C) meiosis D) oogenesis E) spormatogenesis Answer: C Section: 2.6 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 41) Mitotic chromosomes are estimated to be ________ fold more compacted than chromatin in interphase. A) 50 B) 100 C) 500 D) 1,000 E) 5,000 Answer: E Section: 2.7 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding 12 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.