Test Bank for Child, Family, and Community: Family-Centered Early Care and Education, 7th Edition

Child, Family, and Community, 7e (Gonzalez-Mena) Chapter 2 Supporting Families around Issues of Attachment and Trust 1) What is Erik Erikson’s first stage of development? A) Industry versus inferiority B) Initiative versus guilt C) Trust versus mistrust D) Autonomy versus shame and doubt 2) According to Erikson, mother-infant attachment occurs A) When physical and emotional needs of baby are met satisfactorily in the first year B) When baby learns to self-soothe C) When the mother makes herself the top priority D) When the mother attaches the baby to her for most of the day 3) Which theory has something in common with Erikson, Bronfenbrenner, and Maslow? A) Autonomy versus shame and doubt B) Attachment C) Temperament D) Cultural continuity 4) A healthy attachment leads to all of the followingwhich? A) The production of neurotransmitters B) The development of brain pathways that lead to mental growth C) A sense of security D) An emotional dependency 5) When children have a secure attachment, they are more likely to do which of the following? A) Stay very close to the attached adult B) Explore their environment C) Express fear D) Show signs of anxiety 6) Cross-cultural research shows which of the following, regarding attachment? A) In some cultures, the ideal attachment of an infant is to a group B) Attachment should always be exclusive to the mother C) Some cultures do not value attachment D) Attachment occurs in the same way across cultures 7) A strong, healthy attachment occurs A) When an infant and caregiver have synchronous interactions B) When an infant is given screen time daily C) When an infant is made to follow the schedule of an adult D) When adults take babies actions personally 8) Which of the following statements is true about attachment? A) Attachment theory has not been supported by brain research B) Attachment has no connection to survival C) Attachments occurs faster if adults let babies cry for long periods of time D) The first attachments provide the basis for all future relationships 9) How are attachment and trust connected? A) Developing an insecure attachment leads to children who trust B) Attachment and trust are not connected C) Children who attach do not need trust D) Children with unhealthy attachment are likely to live with unresolved trust issues for many years 10) When do babies learn to develop trust? A) When they feel secure that their needs will be met by a caring adult B) When they learn to walk C) When they feel ignored D) When they are able to nap alone 11) Ron Lally, Peter Mangione, the PITC and the research of Emmi Pikler have all focused on which of the following ideas? A) Helping caregivers develop a primary attachment with children B) Supporting infant-toddler programs to discourage attachment between caregivers and children C) The importance of training caregivers to develop secondary attachment in out-of-home care D) Discouraging attachment for children in childcare 12) Which of the following is not a sign of infant attachment? A) An infant showing distress when someone unfamiliar is present B) An infant beginning to act differently around the primary caregiver C) An infant protesting when being separated from the primary caregiver D) An infant wanting to hold his or her own bottle 13) Which of the following is not an obstacle to attachment? A) Parents may be unhappy about the pregnancy or with each other, and those feelings may influence their feelings for the baby B) The father may not be in a relationship with the mother- so any feeling for the baby on his part will necessarily be “long distance” C) After delivery when the baby and family “bond,” a continuous progression from grows from there D) Even for the mother, the reality of the baby may be fuzzy. It’s hard to love someone you can’t see, touch, or interact with 14) What is the definition of temperament? A) Temperament is the word to describe a temper tantrum B) Temperament is a personality disorder C) Temperament is an inborn trait that is genetically determined D) Temperament is an environmental condition 15) According to the research of Thomas, Chess and Birch, the 3 main temperament types are A) Easy, bossy, hard B) Flexible, scared, moody C) Easy, slow to warm, difficult D) Easy, shy, challenging 16) Temperament is important for caregivers to know so they can do which of the following? A) Adjust expectations to meet children’s temperament needs B) Be firm and ridged in response to temperament differences C) React strongly when there is a mismatch between an adult and a child’s temperament D) Help children to change their temperament to match the adult 17) Which of the following is a true statement about SIDS? A) An undisturbed night’s sleep may put infants at risk B) In cultures where infants are held, jostled, and put to bed with an adult or another child, the rate of SIDS is dramatically higher C) SIDS is not common in the United States D) The risk of SIDS increases as the infant reached toddlerhood 18) A study of Baby Einstein videos, conducted at the University of Washington, showed which of the following? A) Vocabulary increased with babies who watched the videos when compared to a group that watched no videos B) Babies with no exposure to the videos understood an average of 7 more words than the video- watching babies C) Videos are an important way to get babies ready for kindergarten D) Research on how the brain develops is clear that academic readiness is boosted by videos more than by attachment 19) Who was the first person to promote the idea that attachment behaviors evolved because they promote survival? A) Urie Bronfenbrenner B) John Bowlby C) Erik Erikson D) Mary Ainsworth 20) According to the research of Mary Ainsworth, which of the following kinds of attachment describes a baby that seems not to care when her mother leaves the room and is slow to greet her upon her return? A) Secure attachment B) Resistant attachment C) Disorganized/disoriented attachment D) Avoidant attachment 21) What is the goal of parental attachment? A) To establish optimum closeness B) To establish optimum distance C) To put limits on the degree of attachment D) To ensure a codependent attachment 22) What are the positive aspects of a healthy attachment? Answer: Positive aspects of a healthy attachment include: • The development of a significant relationship • The foundation for later intellectual development • A basis for future trusting relationships • The release of hormones called neurotransmitters, which lead to a sense of well being • A sense of security, trust in the world 23) Describe some strategies for working with families around attachment issues. Answer: Strategies for working with families around attachment issues include: • Recognize that the well-being and sense of significance of parents are of central importance to the child’s development • Work to build a trusting relationship with each family • See yourself as a support for families • Do what you can to promote secondary attachments between caregivers and a small number of children • Keep in mind that caregiver attachment is secondary to that of the parents. Examine the degree of closeness with each child with a professional eye. Be close enough to help the child feel secure, but not so close that the child turns from family to you. • Avoid competition with family for the child’s affection 24) What might happen with children who do not develop a healthy attachment to an adult? hildren who do not develop a healthy attachment to an adult may experience a lack of trust and unresolved trust issues, and may seek unhealthy adult relationships. Chapter 2: Supporting Families around Issues of Attachment and Trust 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. C 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. B 19. B 20. D 21. A Short Answer 22. Positive aspects of a healthy attachment include: • The development of a significant relationship • The foundation for later intellectual development • A basis for future trusting relationships • The release of hormones called neurotransmitters, which lead to a sense of well being • A sense of security, trust in the world 23. Strategies for working with families around attachment issues include: • Recognize that the well-being and sense of significance of parents are of central importance to the child’s development • Work to build a trusting relationship with each family • See yourself as a support for families • Do what you can to promote secondary attachments between caregivers and a small number of children. • Keep in mind that caregiver attachment is secondary to that of the parents. Examine the degree of closeness with each child with a professional eye. Be close enough to help the child feel secure, but not so close that the child turns from family to you. • Avoid competition with family for the child’s affection. 24. Children who do not develop a healthy attachment to an adult may experience a lack of trust and unresolved trust issues, and may seek unhealthy adult relationships.