Test Bank For Chemistry in Context, 10th Edition

Student name:__________ TRUE/FALSE – Write ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if the statement is false. 1) The more toxic the pollutant, the higher the concentration is set when concerning air quality standards. ⊚ true ⊚ false 2) Even though the concentration of air pollution has gone down over time, people in some metropolitan areas still breathe airthat contains unhealthy levels of pollutants. ⊚ ⊚ true false CHECK ALL THE APPLY. Choose all options that best completes the statement or answers the question. 3) Which of the following are examples of technological advances that have reduced air pollution? A) Paint with reduced VOCs B) Catalytic converters C) Burning gasoline in leaf blowers D) Low sulfur diesel fuels MULTIPLE CHOICE – Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 4) Of five major gaseous components of air, which is the only one to vary significantly in concentration from place to place and from day to day? A) Water vapor B) Carbon dioxide C) Nitrogen D) Argon 5) Which two gases make up more than 95 percent of an inhaled breath? Version 1 1 A) NO2 and N2 B) CO2 and O2 C) O2 and N2 D) N2 and Ar 6) What is the primary component of an exhaled breath? A) N2 B) O2 C) CO2 D) H2O 7) Which component of the air makes up approximately 100 times more of an exhaled breath than of an inhaled breath? A) Ar B) O2 C) O3 D) CO2 8) The __________ concentration in the air over the desert differs dramatically from that in the air in the tropical rainforest. A) N2 B) O2 C) CO2 D) H2O 9) Which component of the air is an element? Version 1 2 A) H2O B) NO2 C) O2 D) CO2 10) Air is a(n) A) element. B) compound. C) mixture. D) pure substance. 11) Which substance is not considered to be an air pollutant? A) N2 B) SO2 C) NO2 D) O3 12) Ozone is considered an air pollutant in the __________ but is a valuable protective layer in the __________. A) troposphere; stratosphere B) stratosphere; mesosphere C) stratosphere; troposphere D) mesosphere; stratosphere 13) A particular sample of air is 2.5 percent water vapor. Express the concentration of water vapor in parts per million (ppm). Version 1 3 A) 0.0000025 ppm B) 0.025 ppm C) 250 ppm D) 25000 ppm 14) The EPA limit for CO is 9 ppm. Express this number as a percentage. A) 90 percent B) 9 percent C) 0.09 percent D) 0.0009 percent 15) Which pollutant is present in air as particulate matter? A) Soot B) Ozone C) Sulfur dioxide D) Carbon monoxide 16) What two factors are considered when determining the risk assessment for air pollutants? A) Exposure and ppm B) Percentage and ppm C) Toxicity and percentage D) Toxicity and exposure 17) When assessing the risk of an air pollutant, which does not play a role in considering someone’s exposure to the pollutant? Version 1 4 A) A person’s lung capacity B) A person’s breathing rate C) The toxicity of the pollutant D) The concentration in air of the pollutant 18) The burning of coal produces sulfur dioxide, SO2, a pollutant that slowly reacts in air to form SO3. Sulfur trioxide dissolves into airborne water droplets to form a very corrosive solution of sulfuric acid. Which is a product of burning coal that hastens the transformation of sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide? A) Carbon dioxide B) Carbon monoxide C) Nitrogen dioxide D) Particles of ash 19) All of these pollutants can be detected by their odors except A) CO. B) O3. C) SOx. D) NOx. 20) Which pollutant are you more likely to encounter in dangerous concentrations indoors rather than outdoors? A) Nitrogen dioxide B) Carbon monoxide C) Ozone D) Sulfur dioxide 21) In general, which airborne material is not likely to be affected by the filters or indoor air handling equipment? Version 1 5 A) Particulates B) Pollen C) Soot D) Carbon monoxide 22) Which color, as used in the Air Quality Index, warns that the level of a pollutant is hazardous, the most dangerous level? A) Orange B) Green C) Yellow D) Maroon 23) Based on its name, which carbon compound contains the fewest carbon atoms? A) Ethanol B) Methane C) Chlorobutane D) Propyl alcohol 24) P2O5 is the chemical formula for A) pentoxygen diphosphide. B) diphosphorus pentoxide. C) dioxygen pentaphosphide. D) monophosphorus pentoxide. 25)

The name of the compound formed by combining carbon atoms atoms Version 1 to form with oxygen is 6 A) carbon oxide. B) monocarbon dioxide. C) carbon dioxide. D) carbonate. 26) Choose the proper coefficients for each substance to balance this equation. ___ C2H4(g) + ___ O2(g) → ___ CO2(g) + ___ H2O(g) A) 1, 1, 2, 2 B) 1, 3, 2, 2 C) 2, 3, 4, 2 D) 2, 2, 4, 2 27) Choose the proper coefficients for each substance to yield a balanced equation. A) 1, 1, 1 B) 2, 1, 1 C) 2, 1, 2 D) 1, 1, 2 28) Which is the balanced chemical equation showing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposing into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2)? A) H2O2 → H2 + O2 B) H2 + O2 → H2O2 C) 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O2 D) 2 H2O2 → 2 H2 + O2 Version 1 7 29) Which is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of nitrogen (N2) with oxygen (O2) to form NO? A) 2 NO → N2 + O2 B) N2 + O2 → NO C) N2 + O2 → 2 NO D) NO → N2 + O2 30)

Which shows the balanced equation for the reaction of nitrogen ( normally found in our atmosphere, with oxygen ( to form nitrogen dioxide? ), as it is ), as it is normally found in our atmosphere, A) B) C) D) 31) Green chemistry is A) the study of how to improve the production of oxygen via photosynthesis. B) any chemistry having an agricultural base. C) the cause of the higher temperatures and humidity typically found in greenhouses. D) the design of products and processes that reduce hazardous substances. 32) Catalytic converters reduce the amount of _____ in car exhaust. Version 1 8 A) O3 B) CO2 C) CO D) N2 33) Ozone is a secondary pollutant. A secondary pollutant is A) not as hazardous as a primary pollutant. B) not produced directly but as the product of the interaction of two or more pollutants. C) one that is naturally present in our atmosphere. D) one that is less hazardous than a primary pollutant. 34) There are approximately 2 × 1022 molecules and atoms in each breath we take and the concentration of CO in the air is approximately 9 parts per million. Approximately how many CO molecules are in each breath we take? A) 2 × 1015 B) 1.8 × 1017 C) 2 × 1016 D) 2 × 1029 35) Which of the following would be described as “fine particles”? A) SOx B) NOx C) O3 D) 2.5 μm diameter soot 36) The lowest (or closest to the ground) layer of our atmosphere is the Version 1 9 A) troposphere. B) ozone layer. C) stratosphere. D) mesosphere. 37) Balance this equation P4 + Cl2 → PCl5 with the smallest whole number coefficients. Choose the answer that is the sum of the coefficients. (Do not forget coefficients of “one.”) A) 7 B) 9 C) 11 D) 13 E) 15 38) If 500 mL of air contains 2 × 1022 particles (atoms and molecules), how many particles do you inhale in one day if you breathe 15000 L of air? A) 2 × 1022 B) 6 × 1026 C) 1.2 × 1027 D) 5 × 1024 39) If we assume that the top of Mt. Everest is the highest land mass on earth, hikers who scale its summit are standing in the A) mesosphere. B) stratosphere. C) troposphere. D) ozone layer. 40) The chemical formula for nitrogen monoxide is Version 1 10 A) N2O. B) NO. C) NO2. D) N2O3. 41) Which correctly pairs an indoor pollutant with its source? A) Formaldehyde and unvented space heaters B) O3 and electrical arcing C) Radon and glues and solvents D) Nicotine and paint and paint thinners 42) An inversion layer happens when a certain weather pattern traps cooler air near the surface of the earth with a warmer air mass above it. Why is this a problem? A) Excess precipitation could cause flooding. B) The cold air increases the chance for snowstorms. C) Heatwaves can occur. D) Air pollution concentrates in the inversion layer. 43) What is the chemical formula for carbon disulfide? A) CH4 B) CS2 C) C2H6 D) H2SO4 44) A reaction occurs between 6 molecules of H2 and four molecules of O2 to form 6 molecules of H2O, in which one molecule of oxygen is left over: 6 H2 + 4 O2 → 6 H2O + O2 Which is the limiting reagent? Version 1 11 A) H2 B) O2 C) H2O D) None of the above 45) Currently, the primary source of sulfur dioxide emissions into the atmosphere is A) coal burning power plants. B) diesel trucks. C) plastic manufacturing. D) gasoline-powered lawnmowers. 46) Which is the correct balanced equation for the complete combustion of ethane, C2H6, in excess oxygen? A) CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O B) 2 CH4 + 3 O2 → 2 CO + 4 H2O C) 2C2H6 + 7 O2 → 4 CO2 + 6 H2O D) 2 C2H6 + 5 O2 → 4 CO + 6 H2O 47) Which chemical components are given off in car exhaust? A) CO2 B) H2O C) NOx D) All of these choices are correct 48) In metropolitan areas, the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere drops at night. Why? Version 1 12 A) Wind blows away the ozone at night B) Energy usage goes down at night C) There are less cars on the road at night D) The formation of ozone requires sunlight 49) Which air pollutant is the second-leading cause of lung cancer worldwide, behind tobacco smoke? A) Radon B) Ozone C) Carbon monoxide D) Nitrogen oxides 50) What is the greatest source of indoor air pollution in developing countries? A) Unvented space heaters B) Cookstoves C) Automobiles D) Paint Version 1 13 Answer Key Test name: Chemical 2 1) FALSE 2) TRUE 3) [A, B, D] One of these is a major cause of outdoor pollution while the others are improvements. 4) A Think about differences in humidity. 5) C Think about the two main components of the atmosphere. 6) A The main component of an exhaled breath is the same as the main component of an inhaled breath. 7) D 8) D Think about differences in humidity. 9) C Only one of these contains all the same type of atom. 10) C There are several substances in air. 11) A One if these is the primary component of uncontaminated air while the rest are pollutants. 12) A Remember that we live in the troposphere. 13) D Version 1 14 Percent is parts per hundred. One hundred is 10,000 times less than one million. 14) D Percent is parts per hundred. One hundred is 10,000 times less than one million. 15) A Particulate matter is solid not gaseous. 16) D Remember that some things are poisonous in a short time frame and others are toxic after long time frames. 17) C 18) D This transformation takes place on solid particles. 19) A Remember that you might need a detector for this substance in your home for protection. 20) B This comes from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. 21) D Filters cannot trap gases. 22) D This is similar to other color-coded warning systems. 23) B Mother Eats Peanut Butter. 24) B 25) C Count your atoms and remember that there is no prefix on a lone element that is named first. 26) B Make sure that the total number of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. Version 1 15 27) C Make sure that the total number of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. 28) A Make sure that the total number of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. 29) C Make sure that the total number of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. 30) C Oxygen and nitrogen are diatomic molecules as found in nature. 31) D This is about cleaner chemistry in all fields. 32) C Think about which is a direct tailpipe pollutant. 33) B This has nothing to do with safety. 34) B 35) D Remember that these are solids and not gases. 36) A Think about which layer we live in and its relative warmth. 37) E Be sure to balance all elements on either side of the equation and add all the coefficients including any “ones.” 38) B Remember that 500 mL is 0.5L and make sure your units cancel when you do the calculation. 39) C Remember that they are still on land and this layer encompasses all the land. 40) B Version 1 16 Remember your prefixes for naming molecules. 41) B Think about the sources of nicotine, radon, and formaldehyde. 42) D 43) B Remember your prefixes for naming molecules. 44) A 45) A 46) C 47) D 48) D 49) A 50) B Version 1 17