Test Bank For Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and Physiology: Essentials of Respiratory Care, 7th Edition

Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation 1. What instrument is used to measure Patm? a. dynameter b. altimeter c. barometer d. hygrometer ANSWER: c FEEDBACK: a. A barometer is used to measure barometric (PB) or atmospheric (Patm) pressure. b. A barometer is used to measure barometric (PB) or atmospheric (Patm) pressure. c. A barometer is used to measure barometric (PB) or atmospheric (Patm) pressure. d. A barometer is used to measure barometric (PB) or atmospheric (Patm) pressure. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: The Airways QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 9:34 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2019 9:37 AM 2. What is the term for the movement of gas from the external environment to the alveoli? a. external respiration b. ventilation c. internal respiration d. osmosis ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. The movement of gas from the external environment to the alveoli is called ventilation. b. The movement of gas from the external environment to the alveoli is called ventilation. c. The movement of gas from the external environment to the alveoli is called ventilation. d. The movement of gas from the external environment to the alveoli is called ventilation. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Introduction QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 9:38 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2019 9:39 AM 3. At sea level under standard conditions, what would the PB equal in mm Hg ? a. 29.9 b. 1034 c. 14.7 d. 760 ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. At sea level under standard conditions, the normal barometric pressure is 760 mm Hg. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation b. At sea level under standard conditions, the normal barometric pressure is 760 mm Hg. c. At sea level under standard conditions, the normal barometric pressure is 760 mm Hg. d. At sea level under standard conditions, the normal barometric pressure is 760 mm Hg. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Mechanisms of Ventilation QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 9:40 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 1:04 AM 4. What is the general term for a pressure difference between two points in a system? a. diffusion b. osmotic gradient c. pressure gradient d. system pressure variation ANSWER: c FEEDBACK: a. A pressure gradient is defined as the difference in pressures occuring between two points. b. A pressure gradient is defined as the difference in pressures occuring between two points. c. A pressure gradient is defined as the difference in pressures occuring between two points. d. A pressure gradient is defined as the difference in pressures occuring between two points. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Pressure Gradients QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 9:43 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2019 9:45 AM 5. At sea level, what would the alveolar pressure at end-expiration equal? a. 760 mm Hg b. 0 mm Hg c. 764 mmHg d. 756 mm Hg ANSWER: a FEEDBACK: a. Because the alveolar and atmospheric pressure are identical at end-expiration, no air movement occurs. b. Because the alveolar and atmospheric pressure are identical at end-expiration, no air movement occurs. c. Because the alveolar and atmospheric pressure are identical at end-expiration, Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation no air movement occurs. d. Because the alveolar and atmospheric pressure are identical at end-expiration, no air movement occurs. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Pressure Gradients QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 9:45 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2019 9:47 AM 6. At what point in the ventilatory cycle would the intra-alveolar pressure be higher than the atmospheric pressure? a. pre-inspiration b. inspiration c. expiration d. end-expiration ANSWER: c FEEDBACK: a. For gas to leave the lungs during exhalation, the intra-alveolar pressure must be higher than the atmospheric pressure. b. For gas to leave the lungs during exhalation, the intra-alveolar pressure must be higher than the atmospheric pressure. c. For gas to leave the lungs during exhalation, the intra-alveolar pressure must be higher than the atmospheric pressure. d. For gas to leave the lungs during exhalation, the intra-alveolar pressure must be higher than the atmospheric pressure. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Pressure Gradients QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 9:49 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2019 9:51 AM 7. Which gas law states that at constant temperature, a volume of gas varies inversely proportional to its pressure? a. Henry’s b. Charles c. Boyle’s d. Gay-Lussac’s ANSWER: c FEEDBACK: a. Boyle’s law states that at a constant temperature P1 x V1=P2 x V2 . b. Boyle’s law states that at a constant temperature P1 x V1=P2 x V2 . c. Boyle’s law states that at a constant temperature P1 x V1=P2 x V2 . d. Boyle’s law states that at a constant temperature P1 x V1=P2 x V2 . POINTS: DIFFICULTY: 1 Recall Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation REFERENCES: Boyle’s Law and Its Relationship to Pressure Gradients QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 9:51 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 4:10 AM 8. Which sequence represents one respiratory cycle? I. Inspiration, expiration II. Inspiration, end-inspiration, expiration, and end-expiration III. Expiration, end-expiration, inspiration, end-inspiration IV. End-inspiration, inspiration, end-expiration, expiration a. II only c. 1 and III only ANSWER: FEEDBACK: b. IV only d. II and IV only b a. Inspiration, end-inspiration, expiration, and end-expiration represents one respiratory cycle. b. Inspiration, end-inspiration, expiration, and end-expiration represents one respiratory cycle. c. Inspiration, end-inspiration, expiration, and end-expiration represents one respiratory cycle. d. Inspiration, end-inspiration, expiration, and end-expiration represents one respiratory cycle. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Balloon Model of Ventilation QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 3 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 10:00 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 4:14 AM 9. What is the general term for the inward movement of tissue between the ribs during inspiration due to increased negative intrapleural pressure generated during respiratory distress? a. dyspnea b. intercostal retractions c. supraclavicular retractions d. pectus excavatum ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. Intercostal retractions are the inward movement of tissue between ribs during inspiration due the high negative intapleural pressure generated during respiratory distress, especially in newborns and infants. b. Intercostal retractions are the inward movement of tissue between ribs during inspiration due the high negative intapleural pressure generated during respiratory distress, especially in newborns and infants. c. Intercostal retractions are the inward movement of tissue between ribs during inspiration due the high negative intapleural pressure generated during Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation respiratory distress, especially in newborns and infants. d. Intercostal retractions are the inward movement of tissue between ribs during inspiration due the high negative intapleural pressure generated during respiratory distress, especially in newborns and infants. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 1 Recall The Primary Mechanism of Ventilation Applied to the Human Airways|Clinical Connection 2-1: Inspiratory Intercostal Retractions QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 4 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 10:58 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2019 11:01 PM 10. What is the general term for the force required to move gas or fluid through a tube or vessel? a. transthoracic pressure b. driving pressure c. transpulmonary pressure d. transmural pressure ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. The driving pressure is the pressure difference between two points in a tube or vessel. b. The driving pressure is the pressure difference between two points in a tube or vessel. c. The driving pressure is the pressure difference between two points in a tube or vessel. d. The driving pressure is the pressure difference between two points in a tube or vessel. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Driving Pressure QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 5 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 11:01 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2019 11:03 PM 11. Which pressure is represented by Prs = PB – Palv ? a. transmural pressure b. transpulmonary pressure c. transthoracic pressure d. transrespiratory pressure ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. Transrespiratory pressure is the difference between the atmospheric pressure and alveolar pressure. b. Transrespiratory pressure is the difference between the atmospheric pressure and alveolar pressure. c. Transrespiratory pressure is the difference between the atmospheric pressure and alveolar pressure. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation d. Transrespiratory pressure is the difference between the atmospheric pressure and alveolar pressure. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Transrespiratory Pressure QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 5 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 11:04 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 4:16 AM 12. What is the term for the pressure difference that occurs across the airway wall ? a. Transmural pressure b. Transrespiratory pressure c. Transpulmonary pressure d. Transthoracic pressure ANSWER: a FEEDBACK: a. The transmural pressure is derived by subtracting the pressure on the inside of the airway from the pressure on the ouside of the airway. b. The transmural pressure is derived by subtracting the pressure on the inside of the airway from the pressure on the ouside of the airway. c. The transmural pressure is derived by subtracting the pressure on the inside of the airway from the pressure on the ouside of the airway. d. The transmural pressure is derived by subtracting the pressure on the inside of the airway from the pressure on the ouside of the airway. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Transmural Pressure QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 5 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 11:09 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2019 11:12 PM 13. What is the term for the difference between the alveolar pressure and the pleural pressure? a. transmural pressure b. transthoracic pressure c. transrespiratory pressure d. transpulmonary pressure ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. The transpulmonary pressure is the difference between the alveolar pressure and the pleural pressure. b. The transpulmonary pressure is the difference between the alveolar pressure and the pleural pressure. c. The transpulmonary pressure is the difference between the alveolar pressure and the pleural pressure. d. The transpulmonary pressure is the difference between the alveolar pressure and the pleural pressure. POINTS: 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Transpulmonary Pressure QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 5 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 11:12 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2019 11:17 PM 14. What is the movement of air from one lung to another? a. seesaw effect b. pendulluft c. flail chest d. diaphragm paralysis ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. Pendelluft is the movement of air from one lung to another. b. Pendelluft is the movement of air from one lung to another. c. Pendelluft is the movement of air from one lung to another. d. Pendelluft is the movement of air from one lung to another. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Transthoracic Pressure QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 5 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 11:17 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2019 11:19 PM 15. Which abnormal breathing pattern is a result of diaphragm fatigue or paralysis? a. partial inspiration b. abdominal paradox c. respiratory distress d. abdominal protrusion ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. Abdominal paradox is an abnormal breathing pattern that results from diaphragm fatigue, as the normal mechanics of breathing are altered to maintain ventilation. b. Abdominal paradox is an abnormal breathing pattern that results from diaphragm fatigue, as the normal mechanics of breathing are altered to maintain ventilation. c. Abdominal paradox is an abnormal breathing pattern that results from diaphragm fatigue, as the normal mechanics of breathing are altered to maintain ventilation. d. Abdominal paradox is an abnormal breathing pattern that results from diaphragm fatigue, as the normal mechanics of breathing are altered to maintain ventilation. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 1 Recall Abdominal Paradox Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 6 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 11:19 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2019 11:22 PM 16. Which clinical measurement is used to evaluate the elastic forces of the lungs? a. elastance b. lung compliance c. surface tension d. airway resistance ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. The elastic forces of the lungs can be evaluated by measuring lung compliance. b. The elastic forces of the lungs can be evaluated by measuring lung compliance. c. The elastic forces of the lungs can be evaluated by measuring lung compliance. d. The elastic forces of the lungs can be evaluated by measuring lung compliance. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Elastic Properties of the Lung and Chest Wall QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 7 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 11:29 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2019 11:30 PM 17. What of the following is used to calculate lung compliance? a. P=(2ST) / r b. Δ V/ Δ P c. P1V1=P2V2 d. Δ P/ Δ V ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. Lung compliance is defined as the change in lung volume per unit of pressure change. b. Lung compliance is defined as the change in lung volume per unit of pressure change. c. Lung compliance is defined as the change in lung volume per unit of pressure change. d. Lung compliance is defined as the change in lung volume per unit of pressure change. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Lung Compliance QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 8 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2019 11:31 PM 1/29/2019 11:44 PM 18. What would the lung compliance equal if a pressure change of 4 cm H20 resulted in a volume change of 600 mL? a. 0.15L/cm H20 b. 1.5 L/cm H20 c. 0.24 L/cm H20 d. 0.066 L/cm H20 ANSWER: a FEEDBACK: a. A volume change of 0.6 L from pressure change of 4 cm H20 would result in a lung compliance of 0.15 L/cm H20 (0.6L/4 cm H20). b. A volume change of 0.6 L from pressure change of 4 cm H20 would result in a lung compliance of 0.15 L/cm H20 (0.6L/4 cm H20). c. A volume change of 0.6 L from pressure change of 4 cm H20 would result in a lung compliance of 0.15 L/cm H20 (0.6L/4 cm H20). d. A volume change of 0.6 L from pressure change of 4 cm H20 would result in a lung compliance of 0.15 L/cm H20 (0.6L/4 cm H20). POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Application REFERENCES: Lung Compliance QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 9 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 11:45 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2019 11:47 PM 19. Reversible bronchospasm, airways inflammation, mucous plugging, and hyperinflation of the alveoli are characteristics of what pulmonary disorder? a. cystic fibrosis b. emphysema c. flail chest d. asthma ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. Asthma is characterized by reversible bronchospasm, airways inflammation, mucous plugging, and hyperinflation of the alveoli. b. Asthma is characterized by reversible bronchospasm, airways inflammation, mucous plugging, and hyperinflation of the alveoli. c. Asthma is characterized by reversible bronchospasm, airways inflammation, mucous plugging, and hyperinflation of the alveoli. d. Asthma is characterized by reversible bronchospasm, airways inflammation, mucous plugging, and hyperinflation of the alveoli. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 1 Recall Lung Compliance|Clinical Connection 2-4: Pulmonary Disorders that Force the Patient to Breathe at the Top Flat Portion of the Volume Pressure Curve QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 10 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 11:47 PM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 9 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2019 11:49 PM 20. How do obstructive lung diseases that cause air trapping affect lung compliance? a. Lung compliance remains normal. b. Lung compliance is reduced. c. Lung compliance is increased. d. Lung compliance is unaffected by air trapping. ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. Lung compliance is decreased in the presence of obstructive lung diseases that cause air trapping and hyperinflation. b. Lung compliance is decreased in the presence of obstructive lung diseases that cause air trapping and hyperinflation. c. Lung compliance is decreased in the presence of obstructive lung diseases that cause air trapping and hyperinflation. d. Lung compliance is decreased in the presence of obstructive lung diseases that cause air trapping and hyperinflation. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 1 Recall Lung Compliance|Clinical Connection 2-3: Pulmonary Disorders that Force the Patient to Breathe at the Top Flat Portion of the Volume Pressure Curve QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 10 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 11:50 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2019 11:51 PM 21. What effect do restrictive lung diseases have on lung compliance? a. Restrictive lung diseases do not affect lung compliance. b. Lung compliance decreases c. Lung compliance remains normal d. Lung compliance increases ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. Restrictive lung diseases shift the volume-pressure curve to the right so lung compliance is reduced. b. Restrictive lung diseases shift the volume-pressure curve to the right so lung compliance is reduced. c. Restrictive lung diseases shift the volume-pressure curve to the right so lung compliance is reduced. d. Restrictive lung diseases shift the volume-pressure curve to the right so lung compliance is reduced. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 1 Recall Lung Compliance|Clinical Connection 2-4: Pulmonary Disorders that Shift the Pressure Volume Curve to the Right QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 11 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 11:52 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2019 11:54 PM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 10 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation 22. Which of the following would shift the volume-pressure curve to the right? I. Acute asthma episode II. Pneumothorax III. Pleural effusion IV. Pulmonary edema a. II, II, and IV only b. I. III and IV only c. I, II, and IV only d. Ii and IV only ANSWER: FEEDBACK: a a. Restrictive lung conditions, including pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and pulmonary edema shift the volume pressure curve to the right. b. Restrictive lung conditions, including pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and pulmonary edema shift the volume pressure curve to the right. c. Restrictive lung conditions, including pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and pulmonary edema shift the volume pressure curve to the right. d. Restrictive lung conditions, including pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and pulmonary edema shift the volume pressure curve to the right. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 1 Recall Lung Compliance|Clinical Connection 2-4: Pulmonary Disorders that Shift the Pressure Volume Curve to the Right QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 11 DATE CREATED: 1/29/2019 11:54 PM DATE MODIFIED: 1/29/2019 11:59 PM 23. What is the reciprocal of compliance? a. elastance b. viscosity c. resistance d. surface tension ANSWER: a FEEDBACK: a. The reciprocal of compliance is elastance. b. The reciprocal of compliance is elastance. c. The reciprocal of compliance is elastance. d. The reciprocal of compliance is elastance. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Hooke’s Law QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 12 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 11 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation DATE CREATED: DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 12:00 AM 1/30/2019 12:01 AM 24. Which physical law explains elastance? a. Gay-Lussac’s law b. Charles’ law c. Boyle’s law d. Hooke’s law ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. Hooke’s law explains elastance. b. Hooke’s law explains elastance. c. Hooke’s law explains elastance. d. Hooke’s law explains elastance. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Hooke’s Law QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 12 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 12:02 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 12:04 AM 25. When a positive pressure breath is delivered from a mechanical ventilator, how would intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures be affected during inspiration? a. The intra-alveolar pressure would rise while the intrapleural b. Both would remain constant at their pressure remains subatmospheric resting levels c. Both would decrease d. Both would increase ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. The intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures would increase during a positive pressure breath from a mechanical ventilator. b. The intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures would increase during a positive pressure breath from a mechanical ventilator. c. The intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures would increase during a positive pressure breath from a mechanical ventilator. d. The intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures would increase during a positive pressure breath from a mechanical ventilator. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Hooke’s Law|Clinical Connection 2-5: Positive Pressure Ventilation QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 13 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 12:04 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 12:07 AM 26. When a tension pneumothorax occurs during positive pressure ventilation, how will the cardiac output and blood Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 12 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation pressure affected? a. The BP will increase but the BP will decrease b. Both will increase c. The cardiac output will increase but the BP will decrease d. Both will decrease ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. When a tesnion pneumothorax occurs, the cardiac output and blood pressure decrease due to compression of major vessels from accumulated gas in the pleural cavity. b. When a tesnion pneumothorax occurs, the cardiac output and blood pressure decrease due to compression of major vessels from accumulated gas in the pleural cavity. c. When a tesnion pneumothorax occurs, the cardiac output and blood pressure decrease due to compression of major vessels from accumulated gas in the pleural cavity. d. When a tesnion pneumothorax occurs, the cardiac output and blood pressure decrease due to compression of major vessels from accumulated gas in the pleural cavity. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Hooke’s Law|Clinical Connection 2-6: Hazards of Positive Pressure Ventilation QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 14 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 12:08 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 12:09 AM 27. Which law best explains the basic operation of the negative pressure ventilator? a. Charles’ b. Boyle’s c. Hooke’s d. Dalton’s ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. The basic pressure and volume relationships described by Boyle’s law are implemented by negative pressure ventilators. b. The basic pressure and volume relationships described by Boyle’s law are implemented by negative pressure ventilators. c. The basic pressure and volume relationships described by Boyle’s law are implemented by negative pressure ventilators. d. The basic pressure and volume relationships described by Boyle’s law are implemented by negative pressure ventilators. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Hooke’s Law|Clinical Connection 2-7: Negative Pressure Ventilation QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 15 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 12:10 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 12:12 AM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 13 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation 28. Which of the following are periods of no gas flow during negative-pressure ventilation? I. Inspiration II. End-inspiration III. Expiration IV. End-expiration a. II only b. I and III only c. IV only d. II and IV only ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. During negative-pressure ventilation, no gas flow occurs at end-expiration and end-inspiration. b. During negative-pressure ventilation, no gas flow occurs at end-expiration and end-inspiration. c. During negative-pressure ventilation, no gas flow occurs at end-expiration and end-inspiration. d. During negative-pressure ventilation, no gas flow occurs at end-expiration and end-inspiration. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Hooke’s Law|Clinical Connection 2-7: Negative Pressure Ventilation QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 15 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 12:14 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 12:20 AM 29. What is the term for the molecular cohesive force at a liquid-gas interface? a. compliance b. elastance c. resistance d. surface tension ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. Surface tension is the molecular, cohesive force that occurs at a liquid-gas interface. b. Surface tension is the molecular, cohesive force that occurs at a liquid-gas interface. c. Surface tension is the molecular, cohesive force that occurs at a liquid-gas interface. d. Surface tension is the molecular, cohesive force that occurs at a liquid-gas interface. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Surface Tension and its Effect on Lung Expansion QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 16 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 12:20 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 12:22 AM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 14 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation 30. Who is credited with the following equation: P = (2ST)/r ? a. Hooke b. LaPlace c. Dalton d. Boyle ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. The equation for LaPlace’s law with one liquid-gas interface is written as P=(2ST)/r. b. The equation for LaPlace’s law with one liquid-gas interface is written as P=(2ST)/r. c. The equation for LaPlace’s law with one liquid-gas interface is written as P=(2ST)/r. d. The equation for LaPlace’s law with one liquid-gas interface is written as P=(2ST)/r. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Laplace’s Law QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 17 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 12:23 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 12:24 AM 31. Which substance in the alveoli is responsible for lowering the surface tension? a. saline b. pulmonary surfactant c. plasma d. mucus ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. Surfactant helps to reduce alveolar surface tension and helps prevent alveoli from collapsing. b. Surfactant helps to reduce alveolar surface tension and helps prevent alveoli from collapsing. c. Surfactant helps to reduce alveolar surface tension and helps prevent alveoli from collapsing. d. Surfactant helps to reduce alveolar surface tension and helps prevent alveoli from collapsing. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: LaPlace’s Law Applied to the Alveolar Fluid Lining QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 18 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 12:25 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 12:27 AM 32. What percentage of pulmonary surfactant is composed of phospholipids? a. 75 b. 90 c. 50 d. 20 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 15 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation ANSWER: FEEDBACK: b a. Pulmonary surfactant is composed of 90 percent phospholipids and 10 percent protein. b. Pulmonary surfactant is composed of 90 percent phospholipids and 10 percent protein. c. Pulmonary surfactant is composed of 90 percent phospholipids and 10 percent protein. d. Pulmonary surfactant is composed of 90 percent phospholipids and 10 percent protein. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: How Pulmonary Surfactant Regulates Alveolar Surface Tension QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 19 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 12:28 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 12:30 AM 33. When the average alveolus is fully distended, what is the approximate surface tension? a. 5-15 dynes/cm b. 50 dynes/cm c. 5-15 cm H20 d. 50 cm H20 ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. When the average alveolus is inflated, the surface tension is approximately 50 dynes/cm. b. When the average alveolus is inflated, the surface tension is approximately 50 dynes/cm. c. When the average alveolus is inflated, the surface tension is approximately 50 dynes/cm. d. When the average alveolus is inflated, the surface tension is approximately 50 dynes/cm. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: How Pulmonary Surfactant Regulates Alveolar Surface Tension QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 19 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 12:30 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 12:33 AM 34. Which of the following can cause pulmonary surfactant deficiency? I. Pulmonary embolism II. Pulmonary edema III. Atelectasis IV. ARDS Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 16 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation a. I, II, III, and IV c. I , II, and III only ANSWER: FEEDBACK: b. II and III only d. II and IV only a a. All of the factors listed can cause pulmonary surfactant deficiency. b. All of the factors listed can cause pulmonary surfactant deficiency. c. All of the factors listed can cause pulmonary surfactant deficiency. d. All of the factors listed can cause pulmonary surfactant deficiency. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Summary of the Lung’s Elastic Properties QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 20 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 12:34 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 12:37 AM 35. What is the treatment of choice for the early stages of RDS in premature infants? a. oxygen therapy b. CPAP c. long acting bronchodilators d. steroids ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. CPAP is the treatment for the early stages of RDS. b. CPAP is the treatment for the early stages of RDS. c. CPAP is the treatment for the early stages of RDS. d. CPAP is the treatment for the early stages of RDS. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Summary|Clinical Connection 2-8: Pulmonary Surfactant Deficiency QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 21 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 12:38 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 12:39 AM 36. What term is used in respiratory care to describe the movement of gas in and out of the lung and the pressure changes required to move the gas? a. passive b. respiration c. static d. dynamic ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. Dynamic refers to movement of gas in and out of the lungs and the accompanying pressure changes. b. Dynamic refers to movement of gas in and out of the lungs and the accompanying pressure changes. c. Dynamic refers to movement of gas in and out of the lungs and the Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 17 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation accompanying pressure changes. d. Dynamic refers to movement of gas in and out of the lungs and the accompanying pressure changes. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Dynamic Characteristics of the Lungs QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 22 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 12:40 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 12:42 AM 37. When Poiseuille’s law is rearranged for flow with pressure remaining constant, what impact would reducing the radius of a tube by 50% have on the gas flow? a. It would be reduced to 1/16 of the original b. It would increase to 16 times more than the original flow flow c. It would be reduced to 1/4 the original flow d. It would increase to 16 times more than the original flow ANSWER: a FEEDBACK: a. When the radius of a tube is halved, the flow will decrease to 1/16 of the original output. b. When the radius of a tube is halved, the flow will decrease to 1/16 of the original output. c. When the radius of a tube is halved, the flow will decrease to 1/16 of the original output. d. When the radius of a tube is halved, the flow will decrease to 1/16 of the original output. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Application REFERENCES: Poiseuille’s Law Arranged for Flow QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 23 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 12:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 12:44 AM 38. When Poiseuille’s law is rearranged for pressure, what adjustment must be made in driving pressure to maintain the same flowrate when the radius of the tube is reduced by 50 percent? a. The pressure must be increased to 4 times the original b. The pressure must be increased to 16 times the pressure original c. The pressure must be doubled d. The pressure must be reduced by 50 percent ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. Pressure is a function of the radius to the fourth power so 16 times the original pressure would be required to restore the flowrate when the radius of the tube is halved. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 18 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation b. Pressure is a function of the radius to the fourth power so 16 times the original pressure would be required to restore the flowrate when the radius of the tube is halved. c. Pressure is a function of the radius to the fourth power so 16 times the original pressure would be required to restore the flowrate when the radius of the tube is halved. d. Pressure is a function of the radius to the fourth power so 16 times the original pressure would be required to restore the flowrate when the radius of the tube is halved. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Application REFERENCES: Poiseuille’s Law Arranged for Pressure QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 25 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 12:45 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 12:47 AM 39. When the radius of the bronchial airways decreases during exhalation, what change must occur to maintain a constant gas flow? a. The transthoracic pressure must remain constant b. The transthoracic pressure must vary inversely with the second power of the radius c. The transthoracic pressure must vary directly with d. The transthoracic pressure must vary inversely with the fourth power of the radius the fourth power of the radius ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. As the radius of the bronchial airways decrease during exhalation, the transthoracic pressure must vary inversely with the fourth power of the radius. b. As the radius of the bronchial airways decrease during exhalation, the transthoracic pressure must vary inversely with the fourth power of the radius. c. As the radius of the bronchial airways decrease during exhalation, the transthoracic pressure must vary inversely with the fourth power of the radius. d. As the radius of the bronchial airways decrease during exhalation, the transthoracic pressure must vary inversely with the fourth power of the radius. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Poiseuille’s Law Rearranged to Simple Proportionalities QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 25 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 12:47 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 12:49 AM 40. What is derived when the pressure difference between the mouth and alveoli is divided by the flowrate? a. airway resistance b. lung compliance c. chest wall compliance d. surface tension ANSWER: a Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 19 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation FEEDBACK: a. Airway resistance is defined as the change in transrespiratory pressure divided by flow rate. b. Airway resistance is defined as the change in transrespiratory pressure divided by flow rate. c. Airway resistance is defined as the change in transrespiratory pressure divided by flow rate. d. Airway resistance is defined as the change in transrespiratory pressure divided by flow rate. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Airway Resistance QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 27 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 12:49 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 12:51 AM 41. If an individual generates a flow rate of 4 L/sec by generating a transrespiratory pressure of 6 cm H20, what would Raw equal? a. 1.5 L/sec/cm H20 b. 2.4 L/sec/ cm H20 c. 1.5 cm H20/L/sec d. 0.67 cm H20/L/sec ANSWER: c FEEDBACK: a. Airway resistance would be derived as 6 cm H20/4 L/sec to equal 1.5 cm H2O/L/sec. b. Airway resistance would be derived as 6 cm H20/4 L/sec to equal 1.5 cm H2O/L/sec. c. Airway resistance would be derived as 6 cm H20/4 L/sec to equal 1.5 cm H2O/L/sec. d. Airway resistance would be derived as 6 cm H20/4 L/sec to equal 1.5 cm H2O/L/sec. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Application REFERENCES: Airway Resistance QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 28 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 12:54 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 12:56 AM 42. If a patient who generates an intrapleural pressure of -4 mmHg to inhale 450 mL experiences inflammation and bronchospasm that reduce the radius of the bronchial airways to one-half of their original size, what pressure must the patient generate to inhale the same tidal volume? a. 16 mm Hg b. 64 mm Hg c. 20 mm Hg d. 48 mm Hg ANSWER: b Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 20 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation FEEDBACK: a. To maintain the same tidal volume when the radius of the bronchial airways is reduced by one half, the intrapleural pressure must increase by a factor of 16 so the required pressure would be 4 x 16 or 64 mm Hg. b. To maintain the same tidal volume when the radius of the bronchial airways is reduced by one half, the intrapleural pressure must increase by a factor of 16 so the required pressure would be 4 x 16 or 64 mm Hg. c. To maintain the same tidal volume when the radius of the bronchial airways is reduced by one half, the intrapleural pressure must increase by a factor of 16 so the required pressure would be 4 x 16 or 64 mm Hg. d. To maintain the same tidal volume when the radius of the bronchial airways is reduced by one half, the intrapleural pressure must increase by a factor of 16 so the required pressure would be 4 x 16 or 64 mm Hg. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 1 Application Poiseuille’s Law Arranged for Simple Proportionalities|Clinical Connection 2-9: Respiratory Disorders that Decrease the Radius of the Airways QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 26 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 1:05 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 1:08 AM 43. Which flow pattern occurs in airways at low flow rates and low pressure-gradients? a. turbulent flow b. laminar flow c. tracheobronchial flow d. transitional flow ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. Laminar flow occurs in airways where flow rate and pressure gradients are both low. b. Laminar flow occurs in airways where flow rate and pressure gradients are both low. c. Laminar flow occurs in airways where flow rate and pressure gradients are both low. d. Laminar flow occurs in airways where flow rate and pressure gradients are both low. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Laminar Flow QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 27 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 1:09 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 1:10 AM 44. Which flow pattern occurs in airways at high flow rates and high pressure gradients? a. laminar flow b. turbulent flow c. transitional flow d. tracheobronchial flow Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 21 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation ANSWER: FEEDBACK: b a. Turbulent flow occurs in airways at high flow rates and high pressure gradients. b. Turbulent flow occurs in airways at high flow rates and high pressure gradients. c. Turbulent flow occurs in airways at high flow rates and high pressure gradients. d. Turbulent flow occurs in airways at high flow rates and high pressure gradients. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Turbulent Flow QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 27 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 1:11 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 1:13 AM 45. What is defined as “the time required to inflate a lung region to 60% of its filling capacity”? a. inspiratory time b. maximum inspiratory time c. dynamic compliance d. time constant ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. A time constant is the amount of time required to inflate a lung region to 60% its potential filling capacity. b. A time constant is the amount of time required to inflate a lung region to 60% its potential filling capacity. c. A time constant is the amount of time required to inflate a lung region to 60% its potential filling capacity. d. A time constant is the amount of time required to inflate a lung region to 60% its potential filling capacity. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Time Constants QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 29 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 1:14 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 1:15 AM 46. When lung compliance is reduced by half, how will time constants be affected? a. The time constants will double b. The time constant will be reduced by half c. The time constant will increase to four times the d. The time constant will be reduced to one-fourth of the original original ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. When lung compliance is halved, the time constant will also be halved. b. When lung compliance is halved, the time constant will also be halved. c. When lung compliance is halved, the time constant will also be halved. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 22 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation d. When lung compliance is halved, the time constant will also be halved. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Time Constants QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 29 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 1:16 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 1:18 AM 47. What effect will increased Raw and increased CL have on the time constants in the affected lung regions? a. Time constants are unaffected by CL. but will require more time to inflate in the affected region due to the increased Raw b. Both factors require less time for the affected lung region to inflate c. Time constants are unaffected by Raw but will require less time to inflate due to the increased CL. d. Both factors require more time for the affected region to inflate. ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. Lung regions with increased airway resistance and increased lung compliance require more time to inflate. b. Lung regions with increased airway resistance and increased lung compliance require more time to inflate. c. Lung regions with increased airway resistance and increased lung compliance require more time to inflate. d. Lung regions with increased airway resistance and increased lung compliance require more time to inflate. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Time Constants QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 29 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 1:19 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 1:37 AM 48. What term is defined as “the change in volume of the lungs divided by the change in transpulmonary pressure during the time required for one breath’? a. static compliance b. time constant c. airway resistance d. dynamic compliance ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. Dynamic compliance is the change in volume of the lungs divided by the change in transpulmonary pressure during the time required for one breath. b. Dynamic compliance is the change in volume of the lungs divided by the change in transpulmonary pressure during the time required for one breath. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 23 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation c. Dynamic compliance is the change in volume of the lungs divided by the change in transpulmonary pressure during the time required for one breath. d. Dynamic compliance is the change in volume of the lungs divided by the change in transpulmonary pressure during the time required for one breath. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Dynamic Compliance QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 30 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 1:37 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 1:39 AM 49. In the presence of restrictive lung disorders, how do patients typically offset the decreased time constants? a. They adopt a decreased respiratory rate and add a breath hold b. They adopt a decreased respiratory rate c. They adopt a decreased respiratory rate with an increased tidal d. They adopt an increased respiratory volume rate ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. With restrictive lung disorders, patients typically adopt an increased respiratory rate. b. With restrictive lung disorders, patients typically adopt an increased respiratory rate. c. With restrictive lung disorders, patients typically adopt an increased respiratory rate. d. With restrictive lung disorders, patients typically adopt an increased respiratory rate. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 1 Recall Dynamic Compliance|Clinical Connection: Restrictive Lung Disorders, Time Constants, and Breathing Pattern Relationships QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 31 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 1:40 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 1:42 AM 50. What changes in breathing patterns do patients with obstructive pulmonary disorders with increased Raw and increased time constants typically adopt? a. They increase their respiratory rate and tidal b. They increase their respiratory rate and decrease volume their tidal volume c. They decrease their respiratory rate and increase d. The decrease their respiratory rate and tidal volume their tidal volume ANSWER: c FEEDBACK: a. Patients with obstructive pulmonary disorders with increased Raw and Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 24 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation increased time constants typically decrease their respiratory rates and increase their tidal volumes. b. Patients with obstructive pulmonary disorders with increased Raw and increased time constants typically decrease their respiratory rates and increase their tidal volumes. c. Patients with obstructive pulmonary disorders with increased Raw and increased time constants typically decrease their respiratory rates and increase their tidal volumes. d. Patients with obstructive pulmonary disorders with increased Raw and increased time constants typically decrease their respiratory rates and increase their tidal volumes. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 1 Recall Dynamic Compliance|Clinical Connection 2-11: Obstructive Lung Disorders. Time Constants and Breathing Pattern Relationships QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 32 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 1:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 1:48 AM 51. When rapid ventilatory rates occur, what is the term for the condition in which positive pressure remains in the alveoli during exhalation due to the insufficient expiratory time? a. auto-PEEP b. WOB c. frequency dependence d. pendulluft ANSWER: a FEEDBACK: a. Auto-PEEP is the condition in which positive pressure remains in the alveoli during exhalation due to insufficient expiratory time. b. Auto-PEEP is the condition in which positive pressure remains in the alveoli during exhalation due to insufficient expiratory time. c. Auto-PEEP is the condition in which positive pressure remains in the alveoli during exhalation due to insufficient expiratory time. d. Auto-PEEP is the condition in which positive pressure remains in the alveoli during exhalation due to insufficient expiratory time. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 1 Recall Dynamic Compliance|Clinical Connection 2-12: Auto-PEEP and its Relationship to Raw During Rapid Ventilatory Rates QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 33 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 1:49 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 1:50 AM 52. What is the term for the volume of gas that is typically measured during exhalation of one quiet breath? a. expiratory reserve volume b. minute volume Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 25 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation c. tidal volume ANSWER: FEEDBACK: d. expiration c a. The amount of gas exhaled from one quiet breath is the tidal volume. b. The amount of gas exhaled from one quiet breath is the tidal volume. c. The amount of gas exhaled from one quiet breath is the tidal volume. d. The amount of gas exhaled from one quiet breath is the tidal volume. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: The Normal Ventilatory Patterns QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 34 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 1:51 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 1:53 AM 53. What is the average respiratory rate for a newborn infant? a. 19-26 breaths/min b. 25-40 breaths/min c. 30-60 breaths/min d. 50-80 breaths/min ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. The average respiratory rate for a newborn infant is 30-60 breaths/min. b. The average respiratory rate for a newborn infant is 30-60 breaths/min. c. The average respiratory rate for a newborn infant is 30-60 breaths/min. d. The average respiratory rate for a newborn infant is 30-60 breaths/min. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: The Normal Ventilatory Patterns QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 34 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 1:53 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 1:55 AM 54. With the end expiratory pause is factored in, what is the normal I:E ratio for an adult at rest? a. 1 : 3 b. 1 : 2.5 c. 1 : 1 d. 1 : 2 ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. When the end expiratory pause is included, the normal I:E ratio for an adult at rest is 1:2. b. When the end expiratory pause is included, the normal I:E ratio for an adult at rest is 1:2. c. When the end expiratory pause is included, the normal I:E ratio for an adult at rest is 1:2. d. When the end expiratory pause is included, the normal I:E ratio for an adult at Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 26 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation rest is 1:2. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: The Normal Ventilatory Patterns QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 34 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 1:56 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 1:57 AM 55. What is the average respiratory rate for a healthy toddler at rest? a. 15-24 breaths/min b. 25-40 breaths/min c. 12-20 breaths/min d. 30-60 breaths/min ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. The average respiratory rate for a healthy toddler at rest is 25-40 breaths/min. b. The average respiratory rate for a healthy toddler at rest is 25-40 breaths/min. c. The average respiratory rate for a healthy toddler at rest is 25-40 breaths/min. d. The average respiratory rate for a healthy toddler at rest is 25-40 breaths/min. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 1 Recall The Normal Ventilatory Patterns|Clinical Connection 2-13: Normal Respiratory Rates for Different Age Groups QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 35 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 1:58 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 2:00 AM 56. A 5 ft tall female who weighs 300 lb requires mechanical ventilation. If the prescribed tidal volume for this patient’s condition is 6 mL/kg IBW, where should the set tidal volume be set? a. approximately 520 mL b. approximately 380 mL c. approximately 820 mL d. approximately 290 mL ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. A 5 ft tall female’s IBW would be approximately 100-105 pounds or 47 kg, so 47 x 6mL/kg would equal approximately 290 mL. b. A 5 ft tall female’s IBW would be approximately 100-105 pounds or 47 kg, so 47 x 6mL/kg would equal approximately 290 mL. c. A 5 ft tall female’s IBW would be approximately 100-105 pounds or 47 kg, so 47 x 6mL/kg would equal approximately 290 mL. d. A 5 ft tall female’s IBW would be approximately 100-105 pounds or 47 kg, so 47 x 6mL/kg would equal approximately 290 mL. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 1 Application The Normal Ventilatory Patterns|Clinical Connection 2-14: Tidal Volume and Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 27 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation Breathing Rate Strategies for Mechanical Ventilation QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 36 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 2:00 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 2:02 AM 57. What are the boundaries of anatomic dead space? a. nose and mouth to the alveolar sacs b. nose and mouth through the terminal bronchioles c. nose and mouth to the segmental bronchi d. nose and mouth to the bronchioles ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. Anatomic dead space extends from the nose and mouth through the terminal bronchioles. b. Anatomic dead space extends from the nose and mouth through the terminal bronchioles. c. Anatomic dead space extends from the nose and mouth through the terminal bronchioles. d. Anatomic dead space extends from the nose and mouth through the terminal bronchioles. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Anatomic Dead Space QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 37 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 2:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 2:05 AM 58. What is the approximate volume of anatomic dead space? a. 2.2 mL/lb of ideal body weight b. 2.2 mL/kg actual body weight c. 1 mL/lb of ideal body weight d. 1 mL/kg of ideal body weight ANSWER: c FEEDBACK: a. The volume of anatomic dead space is approximately 1mL/lb of ideal body weight. b. The volume of anatomic dead space is approximately 1mL/lb of ideal body weight. c. The volume of anatomic dead space is approximately 1mL/lb of ideal body weight. d. The volume of anatomic dead space is approximately 1mL/lb of ideal body weight. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: QUESTION TYPE: HAS VARIABLES: 1 Recall Anatomic Dead Space Multiple Choice False Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 28 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 37 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 2:05 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 2:07 AM 59. What does frequency multiplied by (VT-VD) equal? a. alveolar dead space b. physiologic dead space ventilation c. minute alveolar ventilation d. minute ventilation ANSWER: c FEEDBACK: a. The minute alveolar ventilation equals the frequency multiplied by (tidal volume minus anatomic dead space). b. The minute alveolar ventilation equals the frequency multiplied by (tidal volume minus anatomic dead space). c. The minute alveolar ventilation equals the frequency multiplied by (tidal volume minus anatomic dead space). d. The minute alveolar ventilation equals the frequency multiplied by (tidal volume minus anatomic dead space). POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Anatomic Dead Space QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 37 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 2:07 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 2:10 AM 60. What is the term for alveolar ventilation without pulmonary capillary perfusion? a. alveolar dead space b. physiologic dead space c. minute alveolar ventilation d. anatomic dead space ANSWER: a FEEDBACK: a. Alveolar dead space is alveolar ventilation without pulmonary capillary perfusion b. Alveolar dead space is alveolar ventilation without pulmonary capillary perfusion c. Alveolar dead space is alveolar ventilation without pulmonary capillary perfusion d. Alveolar dead space is alveolar ventilation without pulmonary capillary perfusion POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Anatomic Dead Space QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 37 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 2:12 AM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 29 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 2:14 AM 61. What does the sum of anatomic dead space and alveolar dead space equal? a. minute ventilation b. alveolar ventilation c. physiologic dead space d. total gas exchange ANSWER: c FEEDBACK: a. Anatomic dead space plus alveolar dead space equals physiologic dead space. b. Anatomic dead space plus alveolar dead space equals physiologic dead space. c. Anatomic dead space plus alveolar dead space equals physiologic dead space. d. Anatomic dead space plus alveolar dead space equals physiologic dead space. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Physiologic Dead Space QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 37 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 2:14 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 2:16 AM 62. How would the addition of a length of tubing between a ventilator and the endotracheal tube affect on dead space? a. It would have no effect on dead b. It would have no effect on dead space but would increase the tidal space volume c. It would decrease the dead space d. It would increase the dead space ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. When a length of tubing is added between the ventilator and endotracheal tube, the dead space increases. b. When a length of tubing is added between the ventilator and endotracheal tube, the dead space increases. c. When a length of tubing is added between the ventilator and endotracheal tube, the dead space increases. d. When a length of tubing is added between the ventilator and endotracheal tube, the dead space increases. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 1 Recall Physiologic Dead Space|Clinical Connection 2-15: A Giraffe’s Neck: Alveolar Ventilation vs Dead Space Ventilation QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 40 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 2:17 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 2:19 AM 63. Which of the following can cause pulmonary emboli? I. Prolonged inactivity Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 30 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation II. Pregnancy and childbirth III. Obesity IV. Hypercoagulation disorders a. I, II, III, and IV b. I, III, and IV only c. I and IV only d. I, II, and III only ANSWER: a FEEDBACK: a. Pulmonary emboli can result from prolonged inactivity, pregnancy and childbirth, obesity, and hypercoagulation disorders. b. Pulmonary emboli can result from prolonged inactivity, pregnancy and childbirth, obesity, and hypercoagulation disorders. c. Pulmonary emboli can result from prolonged inactivity, pregnancy and childbirth, obesity, and hypercoagulation disorders. d. Pulmonary emboli can result from prolonged inactivity, pregnancy and childbirth, obesity, and hypercoagulation disorders. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 1 Recall Physiologic Dead Space|Clinical Connection 2-16: Pulmonary Embolus and Dead Space Ventilation QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 41 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 2:24 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 2:26 AM 64. What would the minute alveolar ventilation equal if a 6 ft tall, 170 lb male has a VT of 550 mL and a respiratory rate of 11 breaths/min? a. 550 – (170/2.2) x 11= 4.65 L b. 550 – (170/2.2) x 11= 4.65 L c. (550 + 170) x 11 = 7.9 L d. 550 + (170 x 11) = 1.87 L ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. The alveolar ventilation would be (550 mL tidal volume-170 anatomic dead space volume) x 11 breaths/min = 4.18 L /min. b. The alveolar ventilation would be (550 mL tidal volume-170 anatomic dead space volume) x 11 breaths/min = 4.18 L /min. c. The alveolar ventilation would be (550 mL tidal volume-170 anatomic dead space volume) x 11 breaths/min = 4.18 L /min. d. The alveolar ventilation would be (550 mL tidal volume-170 anatomic dead space volume) x 11 breaths/min = 4.18 L /min. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Application REFERENCES: Anatomic Deadspace QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 39 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 3:23 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 3:26 AM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 31 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation 65. In the upright position, which portion of the lungs has the most negative pleural pressure? a. hilum b. base c. apex d. intrapleural pressure is uniform throughout all lung areas ANSWER: c FEEDBACK: a. In the upright position the apex of the lung has a more negative pleural pressure than at the bases. b. In the upright position the apex of the lung has a more negative pleural pressure than at the bases. c. In the upright position the apex of the lung has a more negative pleural pressure than at the bases. d. In the upright position the apex of the lung has a more negative pleural pressure than at the bases. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 1 Recall How Normal Pleural Pressure Differences Cause Regional Differences in Normal Lung Ventilation QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 42 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 3:27 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 3:29 AM 66. In the upright lung, how does compliance vary across the lung? a. The compliance in the apices is lower than in b. The compliance is higher at the hilum than in the apices the bases or bases. c. The compliance in the bases is lower than in d. The compliance is uniform in all regions of the lung the apices ANSWER: a FEEDBACK: a. The compliance in the apices of the lungs is lower than the compliance in the bases. b. The compliance in the apices of the lungs is lower than the compliance in the bases. c. The compliance in the apices of the lungs is lower than the compliance in the bases. d. The compliance in the apices of the lungs is lower than the compliance in the bases. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 1 Recall How Normal Pleural Pressure Differences Cause Regional Differences in Normal Lung Ventilation QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 42 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 3:30 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 3:33 AM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 32 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation 67. In a healthy adult at rest, what portion of the total energy output is required for the work of breathing? a. 5% b. 15 % c. 25% d. 35% ANSWER: a FEEDBACK: a. In a healthy adult at rest, the work of breathing consumes 5% of the total energy output. b. In a healthy adult at rest, the work of breathing consumes 5% of the total energy output. c. In a healthy adult at rest, the work of breathing consumes 5% of the total energy output. d. In a healthy adult at rest, the work of breathing consumes 5% of the total energy output. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: The Effect of Airway Resistance and Lung Compliance on Ventilatory Pressure QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 43 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 3:33 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 3:36 AM 68. What is the term for alteration of the ventilatory pattern to minimize dead space ventilation? a. metabolic efficiency b. hyperventilation c. ventilatory efficiency d. Hyperefficiency ANSWER: c FEEDBACK: a. Alteration of the ventilatory pattern to minimize dead space ventilation is called ventilatory efficiency. b. Alteration of the ventilatory pattern to minimize dead space ventilation is called ventilatory efficiency. c. Alteration of the ventilatory pattern to minimize dead space ventilation is called ventilatory efficiency. d. Alteration of the ventilatory pattern to minimize dead space ventilation is called ventilatory efficiency. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: The Effect of Airway Resistance and Lung Compliance on Ventilatory Pressure QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 43 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 3:36 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 3:38 AM 69. How does the normal adult’s respiratory pattern change when lung compliance decreases? a. respiratory rate and tidal volume increase b. respiratory rate and tidal volume decrease. c. respiratory rate increases and tidal volume d. respiratory rate decreases and tidal volume Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 33 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation decreases ANSWER: FEEDBACK: increase c a. When lung compliance decrease, the respiratory rate increases and tidal volume decreases. b. When lung compliance decrease, the respiratory rate increases and tidal volume decreases. c. When lung compliance decrease, the respiratory rate increases and tidal volume decreases. d. When lung compliance decrease, the respiratory rate increases and tidal volume decreases. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 1 Recall The Effect of Airway Resistance and Lung Compliance on Ventilatory Patterns|Clinical Connection 2-17: How the Adopted Breathing Pattern Changes in COPD when Compromised by a Restrictive Disorder QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 44 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 3:39 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 3:41 AM 70. How does the breathing pattern change when a patient with COPD develops a secondary restrictive lung condition such as pneumonia? a. respiratory rate increases b. no breathing pattern changes would occur. c. respiratory rate and tidal volume decrease. d. respiratory rate decreases and tidal volume increase ANSWER: a FEEDBACK: a. When a patient with COPD develops pneumonia, one would expect hyperventilation to occur. b. When a patient with COPD develops pneumonia, one would expect hyperventilation to occur. c. When a patient with COPD develops pneumonia, one would expect hyperventilation to occur. d. When a patient with COPD develops pneumonia, one would expect hyperventilation to occur. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 1 Recall The Effect of Airway Resistance and Lung Compliance on Ventilatory Patterns|Clinical Connection 2-17: How the Adopted Breathing Pattern Changes in COPD when Compromised by a Restrictive Disorder QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 44 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 3:42 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 3:44 AM 71. Which ventilatory pattern is defined as the complete absence of spontaneous breathing? Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 34 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation a. apnea c. apneusis ANSWER: FEEDBACK: b. dyspnea d. eupnea a a. The absence of spontaneous breathing is called apnea. b. The absence of spontaneous breathing is called apnea. c. The absence of spontaneous breathing is called apnea. d. The absence of spontaneous breathing is called apnea. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Overview of Specific Breathing Conditions QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 45 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 3:45 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 3:47 AM 72. What is the term for the breathing condition in which short episodes of rapid, uniform deep breaths are followed by 10-30 seconds of apnea? a. Levy’s b. Cheyne-Stokes c. Biot’s d. Kussmaul’s ANSWER: c FEEDBACK: a. Biot’s breathing is characterized by short episodes of uniform, rapid deep breaths followed by 10-30 seconds of apnea. b. Biot’s breathing is characterized by short episodes of uniform, rapid deep breaths followed by 10-30 seconds of apnea. c. Biot’s breathing is characterized by short episodes of uniform, rapid deep breaths followed by 10-30 seconds of apnea. d. Biot’s breathing is characterized by short episodes of uniform, rapid deep breaths followed by 10-30 seconds of apnea. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Overview of Specific Breathing Conditions QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 45 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 3:47 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 3:49 AM 73. What is the term for a rapid respiratory rate? a. hyperpnea b. hyperventilation c. eupnea d. tachypnea ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. A rapid respiratory rate is called tachpnea. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 35 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation b. A rapid respiratory rate is called tachpnea. c. A rapid respiratory rate is called tachpnea. d. A rapid respiratory rate is called tachpnea. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Overview of Specific Breathing Conditions QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 45 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 3:50 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 3:52 AM 74. What is the term for the breathing pattern in which the depth of breathing increases? a. hyperpnea b. Kussmaul’s c. hyperventilation d. tachypnea ANSWER: a FEEDBACK: a. Hyperpnea is an increase in the depth of breathing. b. Hyperpnea is an increase in the depth of breathing. c. Hyperpnea is an increase in the depth of breathing. d. Hyperpnea is an increase in the depth of breathing. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Overview of Specific Breathing Conditions QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 45 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 3:53 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 3:55 AM 75. In which breathing pattern is an individual only able to breathe comfortably in the upright position? a. tachypnea b. orthopnea c. eupnea d. hyperpnea ANSWER: b FEEDBACK: a. When one can only breathe comfortably while in the upright position, it is called orthopnea. b. When one can only breathe comfortably while in the upright position, it is called orthopnea. c. When one can only breathe comfortably while in the upright position, it is called orthopnea. d. When one can only breathe comfortably while in the upright position, it is called orthopnea. POINTS: DIFFICULTY: 1 Recall Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 36 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation REFERENCES: Overview of Specific Breathing Conditions QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 45 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 3:56 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 3:58 AM 76. Which abnormal breathing pattern is most commonly associated with ketoacidosis? a. Cheyne Stokes b. Hypopnea c. Biot’s d. Kussmaul’s ANSWER: d FEEDBACK: a. Kussmaul’s breathing is most often associated with ketoacidosis. b. Kussmaul’s breathing is most often associated with ketoacidosis. c. Kussmaul’s breathing is most often associated with ketoacidosis. d. Kussmaul’s breathing is most often associated with ketoacidosis. POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Recall REFERENCES: Overview of Specific Breathing Conditions QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 45 DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 3:58 AM DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 4:01 AM 77. What is the only absolute way of confirming hyperventilation? a. assess the tidal volume b. ask the patient c. monitor the PaCO2 d. assess the respiratory rate ANSWER: c FEEDBACK: a. The absolute confirmation of hyperventilation is made by assessing the PaCO2 b. The absolute confirmation of hyperventilation is made by assessing the PaCO2 c. The absolute confirmation of hyperventilation is made by assessing the PaCO2 d. The absolute confirmation of hyperventilation is made by assessing the PaCO2 POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 1 Recall Overview of Specific Breathing Conditions|Clinical Connection 2-18: The Arterial Carbon Dioxide Level and its Relationship to the Clinical Verification of Hyperventilation and Hypoventilation QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False DATE CREATED: 1/30/2019 4:04 AM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 37 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 02: Ventilation DATE MODIFIED: 1/30/2019 4:07 AM Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 38