Solution Manual For Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology, 8th Edition

Answer Key to Accompany Lab Exercises for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology _____________________________________________________________________________ Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States Contents Chapter 1 Temperature Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 The British Thermal Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Heat Transfer by Conduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Chapter 2 Specific Gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Gas Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Work, Power, and Heat Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Chapter 3 Refrigeration System Components and Their Functions . . . . . . 5 Refrigerant Familiarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Refrigerant Pressure/ Temperature Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Chapter 4 Safety in the Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Chapter 5 Gauge Installation and Removal on Systems Equipped with Service Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Hand Tool Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 HVAC Tool Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Megohmmeter Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Gauge Installation and Removal on Systems Equipped with Service Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Using the Halide Leak Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Using Electronic Leak Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Chapter 6 Fastener Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Machine and Set Screw Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Chapter 7 Changing a Four-Way Reversing Valve on a Heat Pump . . . . . 13 Changing a Hermetic Compressor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 © 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Changing an Evaporator in an Air-Conditioning System . . . . . 13 Flaring Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Soldering and Brazing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Joining PVC Pipe Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Bending Copper Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Chapter 8 Gauge Installation and Removal on Systems Equipped with Service Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Hermetic Compressor Changeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Changing a Four-Way Reversing Valve on a Heat Pump . . . . . 15 Gauge Installation and Removal on Systems Equipped with Service Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Changing a Hermetic Compressor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Changing an Evaporator in an Air-Conditioning System . . . . . 16 Charging a Freezer Using a Measured Charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Removing the Moisture from a Refrigerator After an Evaporator Leak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Changing a Compressor on a Sealed Refrigeration System . . . 17 Charging a Unit Using Scales or a Charging Cylinder . . . . . . . . . 17 Standing Pressure Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Performing a Deep Vacuum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Triple Evacuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Chapter 9 Hermetic Compressor Changeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Changing a Four-Way Reversing Valve on a Heat Pump . . . . . 19 Changing a Compressor on a Sealed Refrigeration System . . . 19 Charging a Unit Using Scales or a Charging Cylinder . . . . . . . . . 19 Charging a System with a Charging Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 © 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Charging a System with Refrigerant Using a Digital Scale . . . . 20 Charging a Fixed-Bore Split-Type Air-Conditioning System . . 20 Refrigerant Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Chapter 10 Gauge Installation and Removal on Systems Equipped with Service Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Hermetic Compressor Changeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Changing a Four-Way Reversing Valve on a Heat Pump . . . . . 23 Gauge Installation and Removal on Systems Equipped with Service Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Changing a Hermetic Compressor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Changing an Evaporator in an Air-Conditioning System . . . . . 24 Charging a Freezer Using a Measured Charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Removing the Moisture from a Refrigerator After an Evaporator Leak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Changing a Compressor on a Sealed Refrigeration System . . . 25 Charging a Unit Using Scales or a Charging Cylinder . . . . . . . . . 25 Charging a System with a Charging Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Charging a System with Refrigerant Using a Digital Scale . . . . 26 Charging a Fixed-Bore Split-Type Air-Conditioning System . . 26 Charging a TVX Air-Conditioning System with Refrigerant . . 27 Chapter 11 Calibrating Thermometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Checking the Accuracy or Calibration of Electrical Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Chapter 12 Taking Voltage and Amperage Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Measuring Electrical Characteristics and Performing Electrical Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Electrical Load Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 © 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Series Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Parallel Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Series and Parallel Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Electrical Symbols Used in the HVAC Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Reading Basic Schematic Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Reading Advanced Schematic Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Drawing Basic Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Measuring the Amperage of Furnace or Air Handler Blower Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Troubleshooting Exercise: Electric Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Changing a Sequencer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Electric Heating Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Chapter 13 Automatic Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Bimetal Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Chapter 14 Controlling Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Low-Voltage Thermostats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Line-Voltage Thermostats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Pressure Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Pressure-Sensing Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Controlling the Head Pressure in a Water-Cooled Refrigeration System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Troubleshooting Pressure Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Chapter 15 Reading Advanced Schematic Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Setting the Heat Anticipator for an Electric Furnace . . . . . . . . . 47 Air-Conditioning Circuit Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 © 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Troubleshooting Simple Electric Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Troubleshooting Electric Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Troubleshooting Thermostats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Power Circuit Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Low-Voltage Control Circuit Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Wiring an Air-Conditioning Packaged Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Wiring a Split System with a Fan Coil Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Wiring a Split-System Air-Conditioning Unit with a Gas Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Wiring a Split-System Heat Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Chapter 16 Direct Digital Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Smart Thermostats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Chapter 17 Air-Conditioner Component Familiarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Identification of Electric Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Compressor Winding Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Identifying Types of Electric Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Single-Phase Electric Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Three-Phase Electric Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Electronically Commutated Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Hermetic Compressor Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Starting Relays for Single-Phase Electric Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Troubleshooting Contactors and Relays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Replacing an Electric Motor on a Furnace or Air Handler . . . . 57 Changing a Fan Motor on a Gas Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Testing a Compressor Electrically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 © 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 18 Motor Application and Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Electric Motor Bearings and Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Removing the Moisture from a Refrigerator After an Evaporator Leak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Chapter 19 Identification of a Relay, Contractor, and Starter . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Contractors and Relays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Overloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Troubleshooting Contactors and Relays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Troubleshooting Overloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Electric Heating Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Chapter 20 Hermetic Compressor Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Capacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Belt-Driven Blower Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Troubleshooting Electric Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Megohmmeter Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Testing a Compressor Electrically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Chapter 21 Evaporator Functions and Superheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Evaluating Evaporator Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Checking an Evaporator During a Hot Pulldown . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Refrigerant Temperature Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Chapter 22 Condenser Functions and Desuperheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Air-Cooled Condenser Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Evaluation of a Water-Cooled Condenser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Determining the Correct Head Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Chapter 23 Compressor Operating Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 © 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Compressor Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Hermetic Compressor Changeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Chapter 24 Evaluating a Thermostatic Expansion Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Capillary Tube System Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Troubleshooting Exercise: Refrigeration System Operation . 70 Changing a Thermostatic Expansion Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Chapter 25 Pumping Refrigerant into the Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Adjusting the Crankcase Pressure Regulator (CPR) Valve . . . 72 Chapter 26 Application and Evaluation of a Refrigeration System . . . . . . . 73 Chapter 27 Icemaker Data and Familiarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Icemaking Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Cleaning and Sanitizing an Ice Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Commercial Ice Cube Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Chapter 29 Refrigerant Temperature Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Chapter 30 Determining Airflow (Cfm) by Using the Air Temperature Rise Across an Electric Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Electric Furnace Familiarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Determining Airflow (CFM) by Using the Air Temperature Rise Method: Electric Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Low-Voltage Control Circuits Used in Electric Heat . . . . . . . . . . 77 Checking a Package Sequencer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Checking Electric Heating Elements Using an Ammeter . . . . . 78 Troubleshooting Exercise: Electric Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Changing a Sequencer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Electric Heating Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Chapter 31 Gas Furnace Familiarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 © 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Identification of the Flame or Pilot Safety Feature of a Gas Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Gas Valve, Blower Motor, Blower Assembly, and Draft Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Wiring for a Gas Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Maintenance of Gas Burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Testing the Flue on a Natural Draft Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Combustion Analysis of a Gas Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Determining Airflow (Cfm) Using the Air Temperature Rise Method: Gas Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Main Burner, Ignition System, Flame Sensing System, Fan and Limit Control, Transformer, and Thermostat Analysis . . . . . . . 82 Troubleshooting Exercise: Gas Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Changing a Gas Valve on a Gas Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Testing Ignition Controls and Measuring Flame Rectification Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Testing Furnace Safety Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Multifunction Solid-State Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Gas Heating Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Troubleshooting Heating Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Chapter 32 Familiarization with Oil Furnace Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Oil Burner Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Electronic Controls for Oil Burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Checking the Fan and Limit Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Adjusting an Oil Burner Pump Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Combustion Analysis of an Oil Burner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Troubleshooting Exercise: Oil Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 © 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Oil Heating Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Chapter 33 Filling a Hot-Water Heating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Determining Expansion Tank Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Near-Boiler Piping Component Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 System Configuration Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Mechanical-Draft Cooling Tower Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Chapter 34 Heat Recovery Ventilators (HRVs) and Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERVs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Humidification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Heat Recovery Ventilators (HRVs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Electronic Air Cleaners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Chapter 35 Comfort Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Heat Recovery Ventilators (HRVs) and Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERVs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Plotting an Air-Conditioning Process on a Psychrometric Chart (Part 1 of a Two-Part Exercise) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Calculating Total Heat, Sensible Heat, and Latent Heat (Part 2 of a Two-Part Exercise) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Heat Recovery Ventilators (HRVs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Using Manufacturer’s Information to Check a Heat Pump System’s Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Mechanical-Draft Cooling Tower Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Chapter 36 Air-Conditioner Component Familiarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Chapter 37 Heat Recovery Ventilators (HRVs) and Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERVs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Using Duct Charts to Evaluate Duct Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Airflow Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 © 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Measuring the Amperage of Furnace or Air Handler Blower Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Electric Motor Bearings and Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Mechanical-Draft Cooling Tower Familiarization . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Chapter 38 Power Circuit Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Low-Voltage Control Circuit Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Wiring an Air-Conditioning Packaged Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Wiring a Split System with a Fan Coil Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Wiring a Split-System Air-Conditioning Unit with a Gas Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Wiring a Split-System Heat Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Using the Halide Leak Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Using Electronic Leak Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Evaluating an Air-Conditioning Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Start-Up and Checkout of an Air-Conditioning System . . . . . 101 Chapter 40 Refrigerant Temperature Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Condenser Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Chapter 41 Evaporator Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Manufacturer’s Charging Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Charging a System in the Field Using Typical Conditions (FixedBore Metering Device) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Charging a System in the Field Using Typical Conditions (Thermostatic Expansion Valve) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Troubleshooting Exercise: Central Air-Conditioning with FixedBore Metering Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Troubleshooting Exercise: Central Air-Conditioning with Thermostatic Expansion Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 © 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Changing a Hermetic Compressor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Changing an Evaporator in an Air-Conditioning System . . . . 106 Troubleshooting Refrigeration, Heating, or Air-Conditioning Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Troubleshooting Refrigeration, Heating, or Air-Conditioning Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Chapter 42 Gross Wall Area and Net Wall Area Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Determining the Heat Transfer Rate Through a Wall . . . . . . . 109 Heat Loss Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Chapter 43 Familiarization with Air-to-Air Heat Pump System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Using Manufacturer’s Information to Check a Heat Pump System’s Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Heat Pump Performance Check in Cooling Mode . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Checking the Control Circuit in the Emergency and Auxiliary Heat Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Checking the Four-Way Valve During the Heating and Cooling Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Wiring a Split-Type Heat Pump System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Checking Low-Voltage Field Control Circuits at the Individual Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Troubleshooting Exercise: Heat Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Troubleshooting Exercise: Heat Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Wiring a Split-System Heat Pump, Low-Voltage Control Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Chapter 44 Familiarization with Geothermal Heat Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Checking the Water Flow, Geothermal Heat Pumps . . . . . . . . 115 Chapter 45 Domestic Refrigerator Familiarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 © 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Domestic Freezer Familiarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Charging a Refrigerator Using the Frost-Line Method . . . . . . 116 Charging a Freezer by the Frost-Line Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Refrigerator Operating Conditions During a Hot Pulldown . 117 Freezer Gasket Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Troubleshooting Exercise: Refrigerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Removing the Moisture from a Refrigerator After an Evaporator Leak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Changing a Compressor on a Sealed Refrigeration System . 118 Chapter 46 Window Air Conditioner Familiarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Checking the Charge Without Gauges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Charging a Window Unit by the Sweat-Line Method . . . . . . . 119 Charging a Unit Using Scales or a Charging Cylinder . . . . . . . 119 Chapter 47 Chilled-Water System Familiarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Chiller Barrel Approach Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Chapter 48 Mechanical-Draft Cooling Tower Familiarization . . . . . . . . . . 122 Mechanical-Draft Cooling Tower Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Chapter 49 Using a Heat Exchanger Pressure-Drop Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Using a Megger (Megohmmeter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Chapter 50 Packaged Air Conditioner Familiarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Hand Signals for Communicating with the Crane Operator . 124 Variable Air Volume (VAV) Box Familiarization . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 © 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 1 COMPLETED TEMPERATURE CONVERSION CHART FROM TEMPERATURE CONVERSIONS (Bolded values in parentheses represent the items that were to be filled in by the student.) Fahrenheit Celsius Rankine Kelvin (−460) (−273) 0 (0) 32 (0) (492) (273) (212) 100 (672) (373) (140) (60) 600 (333) (−460) (−273) (0) 0 200 (93) (660) (366) (−360) (−218) (55) (122) (323) (81) 50 (27) 100 (582) (541) 300 (32) 0 (492) (273) 150 (66) (610) (339) (−410) (−246) 50 (27) (−40) −40 (420) (233) −40 (−40) (420) (233) 212 (100) (672) (373) (212) (100) (672) 373 (−460) −273 (0) (0) (212) (100) 672 (373) 5 (−15) (465) (258) (441) (227) (901) 500 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN TEMPERATURE CONVERSIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. D. C. A. A. A. C. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN THE BRITISH THERMAL UNIT 1. 2. 3. 4. A. A. D. B. © 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1 Chapter 1 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN HEAT TRANSFER BY CONDUCTION 1. 2. 3. B. B. Substances that are good conductors of electricity also tend to be good conductors of heat. © 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 2