Physics: Principles With Applications, 7th Edition Test Bank

Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) An airplane increases its speed at the average rate of 15 m/s2 . How much time does it take to increase its speed from 100 m/s to 160 m/s? A) 0.25 s B) 17 s C) 0.058 s D) 4.0 s 1) Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC 2) Consider a deer that runs from point A to point B. The distance the deer runs can be greater than the magnitude of its displacement, but the magnitude of the displacement can never be greater than the distance it runs. A) True B) False 2) Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 3) An object is moving with constant non-zero acceleration in the +x direction. The position versus time graph of this object is A) a horizontal straight line. B) a vertical straight line. C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis. D) a parabolic curve. 3) Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC 4) A rock is projected upward from the surface of the Moon, at time t = 0 s, with an upward velocity of 30.0 m/s. The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the Moon is 1.62 m/s2, and the Moon has no atmosphere. The height of the rock when it is descending with a speed of 20.0 m/s is closest to A) 145 m. B) 115 m. C) 135 m. D) 125 m. E) 154 m. 4) Answer: E Diff: 0 Type: MC 5) A baseball is hit with a bat and, as a result, its direction is completely reversed and its speed is doubled. If the actual contact with the bat lasts 0.45 s, what is the ratio of the magnitude of the average acceleration of the ball to its original speed? A) 2.2 s-1 B) 0.15 s-1 C) 6.7 s-1 D) 4.4 s-1 5) Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: MC 6) A 10-kg rock and 20-kg rock are dropped from the same height and experience no significant air resistance. If it takes the 20-kg rock a time T to reach the ground, what time will it take the 10-kg rock to reach the ground? A) 4T B) T/2 C) T/4 D) 2T E) T Answer: E Diff: 0 Type: MC 1 6) 7) A car starting from rest accelerates at a constant 2.0 m/s2 for 10 s. It then travels with constant speed it has achieved for another 10 s. Then it finally slows to a stop with constant acceleration of magnitude 2.0 m/s2 . How far does it travel after starting? A) 300 m B) 500 m C) 400 m 7) D) 200 m Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: MC 8) Abby throws a ball straight up and times it. She sees that the ball goes by the top of a flagpole after 0.50 s and reaches the level of the top of the pole after a total elapsed time of 4.1 s. What was the speed of the ball at launch? Neglect air resistance. A) 23 m/s B) 34 m/s C) 11 m/s D) 48 m/s E) 45 m/s 8) Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 9) A car increases its forward velocity uniformly from 40 m/s to 80 m/s while traveling a distance of 200 m. What is its acceleration during this time? A) 9.6 m/s2 B) 24 m/s2 C) 12 m/s2 D) 8.0 m/s2 9) Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 10) A foul ball is hit straight up into the air with a speed of 30 m/s, and air resistance is negligible. (a) Calculate the time required for the ball to rise to its maximum height. (b) Calculate the maximum height reached by the ball above the point where it hit the bat. (c) Determine the times at which the ball passes a point 25 m above the point where it was hit by the bat. (d) Explain why there are two answers to part (c). 10) Answer: (a) 3.1 s (b) 46 m (c) 1.0 s and 5.1 s (d) One value for the ball traveling upward; one value for the ball traveling downward. Diff: 0 Type: SA MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 11) If the acceleration of an object is zero, then that object cannot be moving. A) True B) False 11) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 12) A bullet shot straight up returns to its starting point in 10 s. What is the initial speed of the bullet, assuming negligible air resistance? A) 49 m/s B) 9.8 m/s C) 98 m/s D) 25 m/s Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 2 12) 13) A motorist travels 160 km at 80 km/h and 160 km at 100 km/h. What is the average speed of the motorist for this trip? A) 84 km/h B) 91 km/h C) 90 km/h D) 89 km/h 13) Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC 14) What must be your average speed in order to travel 350 km in 5.15 h? A) 68.0 km/h B) 67.0 km/h C) 69.0 km/h 14) D) 66.0 km/h Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 15) Suppose a ball is thrown straight up and experiences no appreciable air resistance. What is its acceleration just before it reaches its highest point? A) slightly greater than g B) slightly less than g C) zero D) exactly g 15) Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC 16) An airplane travels at 300 mi/h south for 2.00 h and then at 250 mi/h north for 750 miles. What is the average speed for the trip? A) 275 mi/h B) 270 mi/h C) 260 mi/h D) 280 mi/h 16) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 17) A toy rocket is launched vertically from ground level at time t = 0.00 s. The rocket engine provides constant upward acceleration during the burn phase. At the instant of engine burnout, the rocket has risen to 81 m and acquired an upward velocity of 40 m/s. The rocket continues to rise with insignificant air resistance in unpowered flight, reaches maximum height, and falls back to the ground. The upward acceleration of the rocket during the burn phase is closest to A) 9.9 m/s2. B) 9.6 m/s2. C) 9.0 m/s2. D) 9.3 m/s2. E) 8.7 m/s2. 17) Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 18) A polar bear starts at the North Pole. It travels 1.0 km south, then 1.0 km east, and then 1.0 km north to return to its starting point. This trip takes 45 min. What was the bear’s average velocity? A) 4.0 km/h B) 0.067 km/h C) 0.00 km/h D) 5.3 km/h Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 19) If a car accelerates at a uniform 4.0 m/s2 , how long will it take to reach a speed of 80 km/hr, starting from rest? Answer: 5.6 s Diff: 0 Type: SA 3 19) 18) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 20) A runner ran the marathon (approximately 42.0 km) in 2 hours and 57 min. What was the average speed of the runner in m/s? A) 14.2 m/s B) 3.95 m/s C) 14,200 m/s D) 124 m/s 20) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 21) To determine the height of a flagpole, Abby throws a ball straight up and times it. She sees that the ball goes by the top of the pole after 0.50 s and then reaches the top of the pole again after a total elapsed time of 4.1 s. How high is the pole above the point where the ball was launched? Neglect air resistance. A) 16 m B) 18 m C) 13 m D) 26 m E) 10 m 21) Answer: E Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 22) The graph in the figure represents the velocity of a particle as it travels along the x-axis. What is the average acceleration of the particle between t = 2.0 s and t = 4.0 s? 22) Answer: 1.5 m/s2 Diff: 0 Type: SA MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 23) A racquetball strikes a wall with a speed of 30 m/s and rebounds in the opposite direction with a speed of 26 m/s. The collision takes 20 ms. What is the average acceleration of the ball during the collision with the wall? A) 0 m/s2 B) 1500 m/s2 C) 200 m/s2 D) 2800 m/s2 E) 1300 m/s2 23) Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC 24) A runner runs around a track consisting of two parallel lines 96 m long connected at the ends by two semicircles with a radius of 49 m. She completes one lap in 100 seconds. What is her average speed? A) 10 m/s B) 1.3 m/s C) 0 m/s D) 5.0 m/s E) 2.5 m/s Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC 4 24) 25) If the velocity of an object is zero, then that object cannot be accelerating. A) True B) False 25) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 26) A car is moving with a constant acceleration. At time t = 5.0 s its velocity is 8.0 m/s in the forward direction, and at time t = 8.0 s its velocity is 12.0 m/s forward. What is the distance traveled in that interval of time? A) 20 m B) 30 m C) 50 m D) 40 m E) 10 m 26) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 27) A jet plane is launched from a catapult on an aircraft carrier. In 2.0 s it reaches a speed of 42 m/s at the end of the catapult. Assuming the acceleration is constant, how far did it travel during those 2.0 s? A) 84 m B) 16 m C) 24 m D) 42 m 27) Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC 28) If the velocity versus time graph of an object is a straight line making an angle of +30° (counter clockwise) with the time axis, the object is A) moving with constant non-zero speed. B) moving with constant non-zero acceleration. C) at rest. D) moving with increasing acceleration. 28) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 29) A car travels at 15 m/s for 10 s. It then speeds up with a constant acceleration of 2.0 m/s2 for 15 s. At the end of this time, what is its velocity? A) 375 m/s B) 30 m/s C) 15 m/s D) 45 m/s 29) Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC 30) A ball is thrown straight up, reaches a maximum height, then falls to its initial height. Which of the following statements about the direction of the velocity and acceleration of the ball as it is going up is correct? A) Its velocity points downward and its acceleration points upward. B) Its velocity points upward and its acceleration points downward. C) Both its velocity and its acceleration points downward. D) Both its velocity and its acceleration point upward. Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 5 30) 31) Car A is traveling at 22.0 m/s and car B at 29.0 m/s. Car A is 300 m behind car B when the driver of car A accelerates his car with a uniform forward acceleration of 2.40 m/s2. How long after car A begins to accelerate does it take car A to overtake car B? A) 5.50 s B) 316 s C) 12.6 s D) 19.0 s E) Car A never overtakes car B. 31) Answer: D Diff: 3 Type: MC 32) An airplane needs to reach a forward velocity of 203.0 km/h to take off. On a 2000-m runway, what is the minimum uniform acceleration necessary for the plane to take flight if it starts from rest? A) 1.0 m/s2 B) 0.79 m/s2 C) 0.87 m/s2 D) 0.95 m/s2 32) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 33) A soccer ball is released from rest at the top of a grassy incline. After 6.4 seconds the ball has rolled 91 m with constant acceleration, and 1.0 s later it reaches the bottom of the incline. (a) What was the ball’s acceleration? (b) How long was the incline? Answer: *a) 4.4 m/s2 Diff: 0 Type: SA 33) (b) 120 m MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 34) The figure shows a graph of the position x of two cars, C and D, as a function of time t. According to this graph, which statements about these cars must be true? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) Both cars have the same acceleration. B) At time t = 10 s, both cars have the same velocity. C) The magnitude of the acceleration of car C is less than the magnitude of the acceleration of car D. D) The cars meet at time t = 10 s. E) The magnitude of the acceleration of car C is greater than the magnitude of the acceleration of car D. Answer: A, D Diff: 0 Type: MC 6 34) 35) Which of the following graphs represent an object at rest? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) graph a B) graph b C) graph c D) graph d 35) E) graph e Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 36) A motorist travels for 3.0 h at 80 km/h and 2.0 h at 100 km/h. What is her average speed for the trip? A) 90 km/h B) 88 km/h C) 92 km/h D) 85 km/h Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 37) A car with good tires on a dry road can decelerate (slow down) at a steady rate of about 5.0 m/s2 when braking. If a car is initially traveling at 55 mi/h (a) how much time does it take the car to stop? (b) what is its stopping distance? Answer: (a) 4.9 s Diff: 0 Type: SA (b) 60 m 7 37) 36) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 38) A polar bear starts at the North Pole. It travels 1.0 km south, then 1.0 km east, and then 1.0 km north to return to its starting point. This trip takes 45 min. What was the bear’s average speed? A) 5.3 km/h B) 0.067 km/h C) 4.0 km/h D) 0.00 km/h 38) Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: MC 39) Which of the following graphs represent an object having zero acceleration? 39) A) only graph a B) only graph b C) graphs a and b D) graphs c and d E) graphs b and c Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 40) A rock is thrown directly upward from the edge of a flat roof of a building that is 56.3 meters tall. The rock misses the building on its way down, and is observed to strike the ground 4.00 seconds after being thrown. Take the acceleration due to gravity to have magnitude 9.80 m/s2 and neglect any effects of air resistance. With what speed was the rock thrown? Answer: 5.53 m/s Diff: 0 Type: SA 8 40) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 41) A laser is thrown upward with a speed of 12 m/s on the surface of planet X where the acceleration due to gravity is 1.5 m/s2 and there is no atmosphere. What is the maximum height reached by the laser? A) 8.0 m B) 144 m C) 18 m D) 48 m 41) Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC 42) Acceleration is sometimes expressed in multiples of g, where g = 9.8 m/s2 is the acceleration of an object due to the earth’s gravity. In a car crash, the car’s forward velocity may go from 29 m/s to 0 m/s in 0.15 s. How many g’s are experienced, on average, by the driver? A) 14 g B) 26 g C) 24 g D) 20 g 42) Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC 43) When is the average velocity of an object equal to the instantaneous velocity? A) never B) only when the velocity is increasing at a constant rate C) always D) only when the velocity is decreasing at a constant rate E) when the velocity is constant 43) Answer: E Diff: 0 Type: MC 44) An object moving in the +x direction experiences an acceleration of +2.0 m/s2 . This means the object A) is traveling at 2.0 m/s. B) is decreasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s every second. C) travels 2.0 m in every second. D) is increasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s every second. 44) Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 45) In a ballistics test, a bullet moving horizontally with a speed of 500 m/s strikes a sandbag and penetrates a distance of 10.0 cm. (a) What is the magnitude of the average acceleration of the bullet in the sandbag? (b) How many milliseconds does it take the bullet to come to rest in the sandbag? Answer: (a) 1.25 × 106 m/s2 Diff: 0 Type: SA (b) 0.400 ms 9 45) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 46) A car is traveling north at 17.7 m/s. After 12 s its velocity is 14.1 m/s in the same direction. Find the magnitude and direction of the car’s average acceleration. A) 0.30 m/s2 , south B) 2.7 m/s2, south C) 2.7 m/s2, north 46) D) 0.30 m/s2 , north Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 47) A car starts from rest and accelerates at a steady 6.00 m/s2. How far does it travel in the first 3.00 s? A) 9.00 m B) 36.0 m C) 18.0 m D) 27.0 m E) 54.0 m 47) Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC 48) A laser is thrown upward with a speed of 12 m/s on the surface of planet X where the acceleration due to gravity is 1.5 m/s2 and there is no atmosphere. How long does it take for the laser to reach the maximum height? A) 16 s B) 11 s C) 14 s D) 8.0 s 48) Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC 49) Ball A is dropped from the top of a building. One second later, ball B is dropped from the same building. Neglect air resistance. As time progresses, the difference in their speeds A) decreases. B) increases. C) remains constant. D) cannot be determined from the information given. 49) Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 50) An auto accelerates forward from 7.0 m/s at a uniform 0.71 m/s2 . It travels a distance of 1.033 km while accelerating. (a) How fast is the auto moving just as it is traveled the 1.033 km? (b) How many seconds did it take to travel the 1.033 km? Answer: (a) 39 m/s Diff: 0 Type: SA 50) (b) 45 s MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 51) A cart with an initial velocity of 5.0 m/s to the right experiences a constant acceleration of 2.0 m/s2 to the right. What is the cart’s displacement during the first 6.0 s of this motion? A) 80 m B) 66 m C) 55 m D) 10 m Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 10 51) SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 52) A child standing on a bridge throws a rock straight down. The rock leaves the child’s hand at time t = 0 s. If we take upward as the positive direction, which of the graphs shown below best represents the acceleration of the stone as a function of time? 52) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: SA MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 53) Human reaction time is usually greater than 0.10 s. If your friend holds a ruler between your fingers and releases it without warning, how far can you expect the ruler to fall before you catch it, assuming negligible air resistance? A) At least 9.8 cm B) At least 4.9 cm C) At least 6.8 cm D) At least 3.0 cm 53) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 54) A train starts from rest and accelerates uniformly until it has traveled 5.6 km and acquired a forward velocity of 42 m/s. The train then moves at a constant velocity of 42 m/s for 420 s. The train then slows down uniformly at 0.065 m/s2 , until it is brought to a halt. The acceleration during the first 5.6 km of travel is closest to which of the following? A) 0.14 m/s2 B) 0.20 m/s2 C) 0.16 m/s2 Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: MC 11 D) 0.19 m/s2 E) 0.17 m/s2 54) 55) The velocity v(t) of a particle as a function of time is given by v(t) = (2.3 m/s) + (4.1 m/s2 )t – (6.2 m/s3)t2. What is the average acceleration of the particle between t = 1.0 s and t = 2.0 s? A) 0 m/s2 B) -13 m/s2 C) -15 m/s2 D) 13 m/s2 55) E) 15 m/s2 Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: MC 56) A car is traveling at 26.0 m/s when the driver suddenly applies the brakes, causing the car to slow down with constant acceleration. The car comes to a stop in a distance of 120 m. How fast was the car moving when it was 60.0 m past the point where the brakes were applied? A) 18.4 m/s B) 15.0 m/s C) 22.5 m/s D) 9.20 m/s E) 12.1 m/s 56) Answer: A Diff: 3 Type: MC 57) Suppose that a car traveling to the west begins to slow down as it approaches a traffic light. Which of the following statements about its acceleration is correct? A) The acceleration is toward the west. B) The acceleration is toward the east. C) The acceleration is zero. D) Since the car is slowing down, its acceleration must be negative. Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 12 57) 58) A child standing on a bridge throws a rock straight down. The rock leaves the child’s hand at time t = 0 s. If we take upward as the positive direction, which of the graphs shown below best represents the velocity of the stone as a function of time? 58) Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: SA MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 59) A cart starts from rest and accelerates uniformly at 4.0 m/s2 for 5.0 s. It next maintains the velocity it has reached for 10 s. Then it slows down at a steady rate of 2.0 m/s2 for 4.0 s. What is the final speed of the car? A) 10 m/s B) 16 m/s C) 12 m/s D) 20 m/s Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: MC 13 59) 60) A car is traveling with a constant speed of 30.0 m/s when the driver suddenly applies the brakes, causing the car to slow down with a constant acceleration. The car comes to a stop in a distance of 120 m. What was the acceleration of the car as it slowed down? A) 4.25 m/s2 B) 3.75 m/s2 C) 4.00 m/s2 D) 4.50 m/s2 E) 4.75 m/s2 60) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 61) The slope of a velocity versus time graph gives A) displacement. C) the distance traveled. B) velocity. D) acceleration. 61) Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC 62) Assuming equal rates of uniform acceleration in both cases, how much further would you travel if braking from 56 mi/h to rest than from 28 mi/h? A) 3.2 times farther B) 4.8 times farther C) 4 times farther D) 5.2 times farther 62) Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: MC 63) A toy rocket is launched vertically from ground level at time t = 0 s. The rocket engine provides constant upward acceleration during the burn phase. At the instant of engine burnout, the rocket has risen to 49.0 m and acquired an upward velocity of 60.0 m/s. The rocket continues to rise with insignificant air resistance in unpowered flight, reaches maximum height, and falls back to the ground. The maximum height reached by the rocket is closest to A) 221 m. B) 256 m. C) 233 m. D) 209 m. E) 244 m. 63) Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: MC 64) An astronaut stands by the rim of a crater on the Moon, where the acceleration of gravity is 1.62 m/s2 and there is no air. To determine the depth of the crater, she drops a rock and measures the time it takes for it to hit the bottom. If the depth of the crater is 120 m, how long does it take for the rock to fall to the bottom of the crater? A) 32.1 s B) 12.2 s C) 3.04 s D) 29.3 s E) 37.5 s 64) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 65) A car is traveling with a constant speed when the driver suddenly applies the brakes, causing the car to slow down with a constant acceleration of magnitude 3.50 m/s2. If the car comes to a stop in a distance of 30.0 m, what was the car’s original speed? A) 210 m/s B) 14.5 m/s C) 10.2 m/s D) 315 m/s E) 105 m/s 65) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 66) An object is thrown upwards with a speed of 13 m/s. How long does it take to reach a height of 4.0 m above the projection point while descending? Neglect air resistance. A) 0.42 s B) 1.2 s C) 3.1 s D) 4.2 s E) 2.3 s Answer: E Diff: 3 Type: MC 14 66) 67) Abby throws a ball straight up and times it. She sees that the ball goes by the top of a flagpole after 0.50 s and reaches the level of the top of the pole after a total elapsed time of 4.1 s. What was the speed of the ball at as it passed the top of the flagpole? Neglect air resistance. A) 18 m/s B) 33 m/s C) 6.4 m/s D) 16 m/s E) 29 m/s 67) Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 68) An airplane starts from rest and accelerates at a constant 10.8 m/s2. What is its speed at the end of a 400 m-long runway? A) 4320 m/s B) 93.0 m/s C) 37.0 m/s D) 65.7 m/s E) 186 m/s 68) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 69) The position x(t) of a particle as a function of time t is given by the equation x(t) = (3.5 m/s)t – (5.0 m/s2 )t2. What is the average velocity of the particle between t = 0.30 s and t = 0.40 s? 69) Answer: 0.00 m/s Diff: 0 Type: SA MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 70) A runner runs around a track consisting of two parallel lines 96 m long connected at the ends by two semicircles with a radius of 49 m. She completes one lap in 100 seconds. What is her average velocity? A) 5.0 m/s B) 0 m/s C) 10 m/s D) 1.3 m/s E) 2.5 m/s 70) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 71) A car is moving with a speed of 32.0 m/s. The driver sees an accident ahead and slams on the brakes, causing the car to slow down with a uniform acceleration of magnitude 3.50 m/s2. How far does the car travel after the driver put on the brakes until it comes to a stop? A) 112 m B) 9.14 m C) 292 m D) 4.57 m E) 146 m 71) Answer: E Diff: 0 Type: MC 72) Which of the following quantities has units of a velocity? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) 186,000 mi B) 40 km southwest C) 9.8 m/s2 downward D) 9.8 m/s downward E) -120 m/s Answer: D, E Diff: 0 Type: MC 15 72) 73) An instrument is thrown upward with a speed of 15 m/s on the surface of planet X where the acceleration due to gravity is 2.5 m/s2 and there is no atmosphere. How long does it take for the instrument to return to where it was thrown? A) 6.0 s B) 8.0 s C) 12 s D) 10 s 73) Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC 74) An object is moving in a straight line with constant acceleration. Initially it is traveling at 16 m/s. Three seconds later it is traveling at 10 m/s. How far does it move during this time? A) 57 m B) 48 m C) 30 m D) 39 m Answer: D Diff: 2 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 75) The graph in the figure shows the position of a particle as a function of time as it travels along the x-axis. (a) What is the average speed of the particle between t = 2.0 s and t = 4.0 s? (b) What is the average velocity of the particle between t = 2.0 s and t = 4.0 s? Answer: (a) 1.0 m/s Diff: 0 Type: SA (b) 0 m/s 16 75) 74) 76) The graph in the figure shows the position of a particle as a function of time as it travels along the x-axis. (a) What is the magnitude of the average velocity of the particle between t = 1.0 s and t = 4.0 s? (b) What is the average speed of the particle between t = 1.0 s and t = 4.0 s? Answer: (a) 0.67 m/s Diff: 0 Type: SA 76) (b) 1.3 m/s MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 77) If the velocity of an object is zero at one instant, what is true about the acceleration of that object? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) The acceleration could be negative. B) The acceleration could be positive. C) The acceleration could be zero. D) The acceleration must be zero. 77) Answer: A, B, C Diff: 0 Type: MC 78) An auto manufacturer advertises that their car can go “from zero to sixty in eight seconds.” This is a description of what characteristic of the car’s motion? A) average acceleration B) average speed C) instantaneous speed D) displacement E) instantaneous acceleration 78) Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 79) Brick A is dropped from the top of a building. Brick B is thrown straight down from the same building, and neither one experiences appreciable air resistance. Which statement about their accelerations is correct? A) The acceleration of A is greater than the acceleration of B. B) The two bricks have exactly the same acceleration. C) Neither brick has any acceleration once it is released. D) The acceleration of B is greater than the acceleration of A. Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 17 79) 80) Under what condition is average velocity equal to the average of the object’s initial and final velocity? A) This can only occur if there is no acceleration. B) The acceleration is constant. C) This can occur only when the velocity is zero. D) The acceleration must be constantly decreasing. E) The acceleration must be constantly increasing. 80) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 81) The slope of a position versus time graph gives A) acceleration. C) velocity. B) displacement. D) the distance traveled. 81) Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: MC 82) Two objects are dropped from a bridge, an interval of 1.0 s apart. Air resistance is negligible. During the time that both objects continue to fall, their separation A) decreases. B) increases at first, but then stays constant. C) decreases at first, but then stays constant. D) stays constant. E) increases. 82) Answer: E Diff: 0 Type: MC 83) A certain test car can go from rest to 32.0 m/s in 3.88 s. The same car can come to a full stop from that speed in 4.14 s. What is the ratio of the magnitude of the starting acceleration to the stopping acceleration? A) 0.937 B) 1.14 C) 0.878 D) 1.07 83) Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC 84) A racing car accelerates uniformly from rest along a straight track. This track has markers spaced at equal distances along it from the start, as shown in the figure. The car reaches a speed of 140 km/h as it passes marker 2. Where on the track was the car when it was traveling at half this speed, that is at 70 km/h? A) At marker 1 B) Before marker 1 C) Between marker 1 and marker 2 Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 18 84) SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 85) The figure shows a graph of the velocity of an object as a function of time. What is the acceleration of the object at the following times? (a) At 1.0 s (b) At 3.0 s Answer: (a) 10 m/s2 Diff: 0 Type: SA 85) (b) 0 m/s2 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 86) A ball is thrown downward in the absence of air resistance. After it has been released, which statement(s) concerning its acceleration is correct? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) Its acceleration is constantly increasing. B) Its acceleration is zero. C) Its acceleration is constantly decreasing. D) Its acceleration is constant. E) Its acceleration is greater than g. 86) Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 87) If, in the figure, you start from the Bakery, travel to the Cafe, and then to the Art Gallery in 2.00 hours, what is your (a) average speed? (b) average velocity? Answer: (a) 5.25 km/h Diff: 0 Type: SA 87) (b) 1.25 km/h south MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 88) A car accelerates from 5.0 m/s to 21 m/s at a constant rate of 3.0 m/s2. How far does it travel while accelerating? A) 69 m B) 41 m C) 117 m D) 207 m Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 19 88) 89) If you are driving 72 km/h along a straight road and you look to the side for 4.0 s, how far do you travel during this inattentive period? A) 20 m B) 18 m C) 80 m D) 40 m 89) Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 90) Arthur and Betty start walking toward each other when they are 100 m apart. Arthur has a speed of 3.0 m/s and Betty has a speed of 2.0 m/s. How long does it take for them to meet? 90) Answer: 20 seconds Diff: 0 Type: SA MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 91) A ball is thrown straight upward from ground level with a speed of 18 m/s. How much time passes before the ball strikes the ground if we disregard air resistance? A) 3.7 s B) 0.6 s C) 1.1 s D) 1.8 s Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 92) The graph in the figure shows the velocity of a particle as it travels along the x-axis. (a) In what direction (+x or -x) is the acceleration at t = 0.5 s? (b) In what direction (+x or -x) is the acceleration at t = 3.0 s? (c) What is the average acceleration of the particle between t = 2.0 s and t = 4.0 s? (d) At what value of t is the instantaneous acceleration equal to 0 m/s2 ? Answer: (a) -x Diff: 0 (b) +x Type: SA (c) 1.5 m/s2 (d) 1.0 s 20 92) 91) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 93) A rock from a volcanic eruption is launched straight up into the air with no appreciable air resistance. Which one of the following statements about this rock while it is in the air is correct? A) The acceleration is downward at all points in the motion. B) The acceleration is downward at all points in the motion except that is zero at the highest point. C) On the way down, both its velocity and acceleration are downward, and at the highest point both its velocity and acceleration are zero. D) Throughout the motion, the acceleration is downward, and the velocity is always in the same direction as the acceleration. E) On the way up, its acceleration is downward and its velocity is upward, and at the highest point both its velocity and acceleration are zero. 93) Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 94) You drive 6.0 km at 50 km/h and then another 6.0 km at 90 km/h. Your average speed over the 12 km drive will be A) less than 70 km/h. B) exactly 38 km/h. C) greater than 70 km/h. D) equal to 70 km/h. E) It cannot be determined from the information given because we must also know directions traveled. 94) Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 95) When a ball is thrown straight up with no air resistance, the acceleration at its highest point A) reverses from downward to upward B) is downward C) reverses from upward to downward D) is zero E) is upward 95) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 96) A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly at 3.0 m/s2 toward the north. A second car starts from rest 6.0 s later at the same point and accelerates uniformly at 5.0 m/s2 toward the north. How long after the second car starts does it overtake the first car? A) 24 s B) 12 s C) 19 s D) 21 s Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 97) At the same moment, one rock is dropped and one is thrown downward with an initial velocity of 29 m/s from the top of a building that is 300 m tall. How much earlier does the thrown rock strike the ground? Neglect air resistance. Answer: 2.4 s Diff: 0 Type: SA 21 97) 96) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 98) If the velocity of an object is zero at some point, then its acceleration must also be zero at that point. A) True B) False 98) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 99) An object moves 15.0 m north and then 11.0 m south. Find both the distance it has traveled and the magnitude of its displacement. A) 26.0 m, 4.0 m B) 4.0 m, 26.0 m C) 4.0 m, 4.0 m D) 26.0 m, 26.0 m 99) Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 100) From the edge of a roof top you toss a green ball upwards with initial speed v 0 and a blue ball downwards with the same initial speed. Air resistance is negligible. When they reach the ground below A) the green ball will be moving faster than the blue ball. B) the two balls will have the same speed. C) the blue ball will be moving faster than the green ball. 100) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 101) The figure shows a graph of the position of a moving object as a function of time. (a) What is the average velocity of the object from t = 0 s to t = 4.0 s? (b) What is the average velocity of the object from t = 0 s to t = 6.0 s? Answer: (a) 10 m/s Diff: 0 Type: SA 101) (b) 0 m/s MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 102) Suppose that an object is moving with a constant velocity. Which statement concerning its acceleration must be correct? A) The acceleration is equal to zero. B) The acceleration is constantly decreasing. C) The acceleration is constantly increasing. D) The acceleration is a constant non-zero value. Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 22 102) 103) The graph in the figure shows the position of a particle as it travels along the x-axis. At what value of t is the speed of the particle equal to 0 m/s? A) 0 s B) 4 s C) 2 s D) 1 s 103) E) 3 s Answer: E Diff: 0 Type: MC 104) A ball is projected upward at time t = 0 s, from a point on a flat roof 10 m above the ground. The ball rises and then falls with insignificant air resistance, missing the roof, and strikes the ground. The initial velocity of the ball is 58.5 m/s. Consider all quantities as positive in the upward direction. At time t = 5.97 s, the vertical velocity of the ball is closest to A) +175 m/s. B) +12 m/s. C) -12 m/s. D) -175 m/s. E) 0 m/s. 104) Answer: E Diff: 0 Type: MC 105) If the position versus time graph of an object is a horizontal line, the object is A) moving with constant non-zero speed. B) moving with constant non-zero acceleration. C) at rest. D) moving with increasing speed. 105) Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 106) A race car circles 10 times around a circular 8.0-km track in 20 min. Using SI units (a) what is its average speed for the ten laps? (b) what is its average velocity for the ten laps? Answer: (a) 67 m/s Diff: 0 Type: SA (b) 0 m/s 107) An astronaut on a strange new planet having no atmosphere finds that she can jump up to a maximum height of 27 m when her initial upward speed is 6.0 m/s. What is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity on the planet? Answer: 0.67 m/s2 Diff: 0 106) Type: SA 23 107) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 108) A hammer is thrown upward with a speed of 14 m/s on the surface of planet X where the acceleration due to gravity is 3.5 m/s2 and there is no atmosphere. What is the speed of the hammer after 8.0 s? A) 7.0 m/s B) 64 m/s C) 21 m/s D) 14 m/s 108) Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC 109) Two objects are thrown from the top of a tall building. One is thrown up, and the other is thrown down, both with the same initial speed. What are their speeds when they hit the street? Neglect air resistance. A) They are traveling at the same speed. B) The one thrown down is traveling faster. C) The one thrown up is traveling faster. D) It is impossible to tell because the height of the building is not given. 109) Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 110) The graph in the figure shows the position of a particle as it travels along the x-axis. What is the magnitude of the average velocity of the particle between t = 1.0 s and t = 4.0 s? A) 0.25 m/s B) 1.3 m/s C) 0.67 m/s D) 0.50 m/s 110) E) 1.0 m/s Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: MC 111) To determine the height of a bridge above the water, a person drops a stone and measures the time it takes for it to hit the water. If the height of the bridge is 41 m, how long will it take for the stone to hit the water? Neglect air resistance. A) 2.9 s B) 3.2 s C) 3.6 s D) 2.6 s E) 2.3 s 111) Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 112) A 10-kg rock and a 20-kg rock are dropped at the same time and experience no significant air resistance. If the 10-kg rock falls with acceleration a, what is the acceleration of the 20-kg rock? A) a/2 B) a C) a/4 D) 2a E) 4a Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 24 112) 113) A test rocket at ground level is fired straight up from rest with a net upward acceleration of 20 m/s2. After 4.0 s, the motor turns off but the rocket continues to coast upward with insignificant air resistance. What maximum elevation does the rocket reach? A) 320 m B) 490 m C) 160 m D) 330 m E) 410 m 113) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 114) A ball is projected upward at time t = 0 s, from a point on a flat roof 90 m above the ground. The ball rises and then falls with insignificant air resistance, missing the roof, and strikes the ground. The initial velocity of the ball is 80.5 m/s. Consider all quantities as positive in the upward direction. The vertical velocity of the ball when it is 89 m above the ground is closest to A) -81 m/s. B) -97 m/s. C) -32 m/s. D) -48 m/s. E) -64 m/s. 114) Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 115) An object is moving with constant non-zero velocity in the +x direction. The position versus time graph of this object is A) a horizontal straight line. B) a vertical straight line. C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis. D) a parabolic curve. 115) Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: MC 116) A bicyclist starts a timed race at 6.0 mi/h. In order to win, he must average 21 mi/h. Assuming constant acceleration from the start, how fast must he be traveling at the end of the race? A) 24 mi/h B) 42 mi/h C) 30 mi/h D) 36 mi/h 116) Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC 117) The graph in the figure shows the velocity of a particle as it travels along the x-axis. What is the magnitude of the average acceleration of the particle between t = 1.0 s and t = 4.0 s? A) 1.7 m/s2 B) 2.0 m/s2 C) 0.33 m/s2 Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 25 D) 2.5 m/s2 E) 3.0 m/s2 117) SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 118) The graph in the figure shows the position of a particle as it travels along the x-axis. What is the magnitude of the instantaneous velocity of the particle when t = 1.0 s? 118) Answer: 3.0 m/s Diff: 0 Type: SA MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 119) To determine the height of a bridge above the water, a person drops a stone and measures the time it takes for it to hit the water. If the time is 2.3 s, what is the height of the bridge? Neglect air resistance. A) 32 m B) 14 m C) 52 m D) 10 m E) 26 m 119) Answer: E Diff: 0 Type: MC 120) If the velocity versus time graph of an object is a horizontal line, the object is A) moving with zero acceleration. B) moving with constant non-zero acceleration. C) at rest. D) moving with increasing speed. 120) Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 121) Consider a car that travels between points A and B. The car’s average speed can be greater than the magnitude of its average velocity, but the magnitude of its average velocity can never be greater than its average speed. A) True B) False 121) Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 122) An object is moving with constant non-zero acceleration in the +x direction. The velocity versus time graph of this object is A) a horizontal straight line. B) a vertical straight line. C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis. D) a parabolic curve. Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: MC 26 122) 123) Which of the following situations is impossible? A) An object has constant non-zero acceleration and changing velocity. B) An object has constant non-zero velocity and changing acceleration. C) An object has velocity directed east and acceleration directed east. D) An object has zero velocity but non-zero acceleration. E) An object has velocity directed east and acceleration directed west. 123) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 124) The graph in the figure shows the position of a particle as it travels along the x-axis. What is the magnitude of the average speed of the particle between t = 1.0 s and t = 4.0 s? A) 1.0 m/s B) 1.3 m/s C) 0.50 m/s D) 0.25 m/s 124) E) 0.67 m/s Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 125) A ball is thrown upward at a velocity of 19.6 m/s. What is its velocity after 3.0 s, assuming negligible air resistance? A) 9.8 m/s downward B) 0 m/s C) 19.6 m/s downward D) 9.8 m/s upward 125) Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 126) Which of the following quantities has units of a displacement? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) 9.8 m/s2 126) B) 32 ft/s2 vertically downward C) 40 km southwest D) -120 m/s E) 186,000 mi Answer: C, E Diff: 0 Type: MC 127) A ball is thrown downward from the top of a building with an initial speed of 25 m/s. It strikes the ground after 2.0 s. How high is the building, assuming negligible air resistance? A) 70 m B) 20 m C) 50 m D) 30 m Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 27 127) 128) A 10-kg rock and a 20-kg rock are thrown upward with the same initial speed v 0 and experience no significant air resistance. If the 10-kg rock reaches a maximum height h, what maximum height will the 20-kg ball reach? A) 2h B) h/2 C) h D) h/4 E) 4h 128) Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 129) Human reaction times are worsened by alcohol. How much further (in feet) would a drunk driver’s car travel before he hits the brakes than a sober driver’s car? Assume that both are initially traveling at 50.0 mi/h and their cars have the same acceleration while slowing down, and that the sober driver takes 0.33 s to hit the brakes in a crisis, while the drunk driver takes 1.0 s to do so. (5280 ft = 1 mi) 129) Answer: 49 ft Diff: 0 Type: SA 130) A bat, flying toward the east at 2.0 m/s, emits a shriek that is reflected back to it from a wall that is 20.0 m in front of the bat at the instant the shriek is emitted. Sound travels at 340 m/s in the air. How many milliseconds after emitting the shriek does the bat hear the reflected echo from the wall? 130) Answer: 117 ms Diff: 0 Type: SA 131) A ball is thrown straight up with a speed of 30 m/s, and air resistance is negligible. (a) How long does it take the ball to reach the maximum height? (b) What is the maximum height reached by the ball? (c) What is its speed after 4.2 s? Answer: (a) 3.1 s (b) 46 m Diff: 0 Type: SA 131) (c) 11 m/s MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 132) You are driving home on a weekend from school at 55 mi/h for 110 miles. It then starts to snow and you slow to 35 mi/h. You arrive home after driving 4 hours and 15 minutes. How far is your hometown from school? A) 180 mi B) 200 mi C) 210 mi D) 190 mi Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 133) At the instant a traffic light turns green, a car that has been waiting at the intersection starts ahead with a constant acceleration of 2.00 m/s2 . At that moment a truck traveling with a constant velocity of 15.0 m/s overtakes and passes the car. (a) Calculate the time necessary for the car to reach the truck. (b) Calculate the distance beyond the traffic light that the car will pass the truck. (c) Determine the speed of the car when it passes the truck. Answer: (a) 15.0 s Diff: 0 Type: SA (b) 225 m (c) 30.0 m/s 28 133) 132) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 134) A car initially traveling at 60 km/h accelerates at a constant rate of 2.0 m/s2. How much time is required for the car to reach a speed of 90 km/h? A) 30 s B) 4.2 s C) 15 s D) 45 s 134) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 135) An object is dropped from a bridge. A second object is thrown downwards 1.0 s later. They both reach the water 20 m below at the same instant. What was the initial speed of the second object? Neglect air resistance. A) 4.9 m/s B) 20 m/s C) 21 m/s D) 15 m/s E) 9.9 m/s 135) Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC 136) Suppose that an object travels from one point in space to another. Make a comparison between the magnitude of the displacement and the distance traveled by this object. A) The displacement is either greater than or equal to the distance traveled. B) The displacement is either less than or equal to the distance traveled. C) The displacement is always equal to the distance traveled. D) The displacement can be either greater than, smaller than, or equal to the distance traveled. Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 137) The graph in the figure shows the position of an object as a function of time. The letters H-L represent particular moments of time. 137) (a) At which moment in time is the speed of the object the greatest? (b) At which moment in time is the speed of the object equal to zero? Answer: (a) J Diff: 0 (b) I Type: SA 138) A package is dropped from a helicopter that is moving upward at 15 m/s. If it takes 8.0 s before the package strikes the ground, how high above the ground was the package when it was released? Neglect air resistance. Answer: 190 m Diff: 0 Type: SA 29 138) 136) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 139) The motion of a particle is described in the velocity vs. time graph shown in the figure. 139) Over the nine-second interval shown, we can say that the speed of the particle A) only increases. B) decreases and then increases. C) only decreases. D) increases and then decreases. E) remains constant. Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 140) An astronaut stands by the rim of a crater on the Moon, where the acceleration of gravity is 1.62 m/s2 and there is no air. To determine the depth of the crater, she drops a rock and measures the time it takes for it to hit the bottom. If the time is 6.3 s, what is the depth of the crater? A) 10 m B) 26 m C) 14 m D) 32 m E) 38 m 140) Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC 141) A toy rocket is launched vertically from ground level at time t = 0.00 s. The rocket engine provides constant upward acceleration during the burn phase. At the instant of engine burnout, the rocket has risen to 64 m and acquired an upward velocity of 60 m/s. The rocket continues to rise with insignificant air resistance in unpowered flight, reaches maximum height, and falls back to the ground. The time interval during which the rocket engine provided the upward acceleration, is closest to A) 2.3 s. B) 2.1 s. C) 1.5 s. D) 1.7 s. E) 1.9 s. Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 142) A water rocket can reach a speed of 75 m/s in 0.050 seconds from launch. What is its average acceleration? Answer: 1500 m/s2 Diff: 0 Type: SA 30 142) 141) 143) A car that is initially moving at 7.50 m/s begins to accelerate forward uniformly at 0.550 m/s2. (a) How long after beginning to accelerate does it take the car to move 3.50 km? (b) How fast is the car moving just as it has traveled 3.50 km? Answer: (a) 1.00 × 102 s Diff: 0 Type: SA 143) (b) 62.5 m/s MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 144) A stone is thrown with an initial upward velocity of 7.0 m/s and experiences negligible air resistance. If we take upward as the positive direction, what is the velocity of the stone after 0.50 s? A) -4.9 m/s B) 4.9 m/s C) 0.00 m/s D) 2.1 m/s E) -2.1 m/s 144) Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC 145) You leave on a 549-mi trip in order to attend a meeting that will start 10.8 h after you begin your trip. Along the way you plan to stop for dinner. If the fastest you can safely drive is 65 mi/h, what is the longest time you can spend over dinner and still arrive just in time for the meeting? A) 2.6 h B) 2.4 h C) 1.9 h D) You can’t stop at all. 145) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 146) The figure shows a graph of the position of a moving object as a function of time. What is the velocity of the object at each of the following times? (a) At t = 1.0 s (b) At t = 2.5 s (c) At t = 4.0 s (d) At t = 5.5 s Answer: (a) 10 m/s Diff: 0 Type: SA (b) 20 m/s (c) 0 m/s 146) (d) -40 m/s MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 147) A light-year is the distance that light travels in one year. The speed of light is 3.00 × 108 m/s. How many miles are there in one light-year? (1 mi = 1609 m, 1 y = 365 d) A) 9.46 × 1012 mi B) 5.88 × 1012 mi C) 9.46 × 1015 mi D) 5.88 × 1015 mi Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 31 147) 148) A train starts from rest and accelerates uniformly until it has traveled 2.1 km and acquired a forward velocity of 24 m/s. The train then moves at a constant velocity of 24 m/s for 400 s. The train then slows down uniformly at 0.065 m/s2 , until it is brought to a halt. The distance traveled by the train while slowing down is closest to A) 3.6 km. B) 4.4 km. C) 4.2 km. D) 4.0 km. 148) E) 3.8 km. Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 149) The captain orders his starship to accelerate from rest at a rate of “1 g” (1 g = 9.8 m/s2 ). How many days does it take the starship to reach 10% the speed of light? (Light travels at 3.0 × 108 m/s.) 149) Answer: 35 days Diff: 0 Type: SA MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 150) Suppose that a car traveling to the west (-x direction) begins to slow down as it approaches a traffic light. Which statement concerning its acceleration must be correct? A) Its acceleration is decreasing in magnitude as the car slows down. B) Its acceleration is negative. C) Its acceleration is zero. D) Its acceleration is positive. 150) Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 151) If, in the figure, you start from the Bakery, travel to the Cafe, and then to the Art Gallery (a) what distance you have traveled? (b) what is your displacement? Answer: (a) 10.5 km Diff: 0 Type: SA 151) (b) 2.50 km south MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 152) An object is moving with constant non-zero velocity in the +x direction. The velocity versus time graph of this object is A) a horizontal straight line. B) a vertical straight line. C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis. D) a parabolic curve. Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 32 152) 153) A motorist makes a trip of 180 miles. For the first 90 miles she drives at a constant speed of 30 mph. At what constant speed must she drive the remaining distance if her average speed for the total trip is to be 40 mph? A) 55 mph B) 60 mph C) 52.5 mph D) 50 mph E) 45 mph 153) Answer: B Diff: 0 Type: MC 154) An object is thrown upwards with a speed of 16 m/s. How long does it take it to reach a height of 7.0 m on the way up? Neglect air resistance. A) 0.52 s B) 3.1 s C) 1.2 s D) 2.4 s E) 4.2 s 154) Answer: A Diff: 3 Type: MC SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 155) If you run a complete loop around an outdoor track of length 400 m in 100 s, find your (a) average velocity and (b) average speed. Answer: (a) 0 m/s Diff: 0 Type: SA 155) (b) 4 m/s MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 156) Suppose that a car traveling to the east (+x direction) begins to slow down as it approaches a traffic light. Which statement concerning its acceleration must be correct? A) Its acceleration is in the -x direction. B) Its acceleration is zero. C) Its acceleration is in the +x direction. D) Its acceleration is decreasing in magnitude as the car slows down. 156) Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 157) An object starts from rest and undergoes uniform acceleration. During the first second it travels 5.0 m. How far will it travel during the third second? A) 5.0 m B) 45 m C) 25 m D) 15 m Answer: C Diff: 2 Type: MC 33 157) SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 158) The figure shows a graph of the velocity of an object as a function of time. What is the average acceleration of the object over the following time intervals? (a) From t = 0 s to t = 5.0 s (b) From t = 0 s to t = 8.0 s Answer: (a) 2.0 m/s2 Diff: 0 Type: SA 158) (b) -2.5 m/s2 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 159) The motions of a car and a truck along a straight road are represented by the velocity-time graphs in the figure. The two vehicles are initially alongside each other at time t = 0. 159) At time T, what is true of the distances traveled by the vehicles since time t = 0? A) The truck will have travelled further than the car. B) The car will have travelled further than the truck. C) They will have traveled the same distance. D) The truck will not have moved. Answer: A Diff: 0 Type: MC 160) A ball is thrown straight up with a speed of 36 m/s. How long does it take to return to its starting point, assuming negligible air resistance? A) 3.7 s B) 15 s C) 7.3 s D) 11 s 160) Answer: C Diff: 0 Type: MC 161) Starting from rest, a dragster travels a straight 1/4 mi racetrack in 6.70 s with constant acceleration. What is its velocity when it crosses the finish line? A) 135 mi/h B) 188 mi/h C) 296 mi/h D) 269 mi/h Answer: D Diff: 0 Type: MC 34 161)