Microbiology: A Systems Approach, 5th Edition Test Bank

CH-02: Test Bank Multiple Choice Questions 1. An atom has gained an electron; it has been ______. A. ionized B. oxidized C. neutralized D. reduced E. deionized 2. Anything that occupies space and has mass is called ______. A. matter B. energy C. living D. space E. atomic 3. The electrons of an atom are A. moving in pathways called orbitals. B. used to determine atomic number. C. positively charged. D. always equal to the number of neutrons in an atom. E. found in the nucleus. 4. The electrons of an atom are A. used to determine the atomic weight. B. always equal to the number of protons. C. carrying a positive charge. D. always in full orbitals. E. used to determine the atomic number. 5. All of the following pertain to the atom Carbon-14 except it A. has 14 neutrons. B. is an isotope of carbon. C. has 6 protons. D. has 6 electrons. 6. The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the ______. A. protons and neutrons B. neutrons C. electrons D. protons E. protons and electrons 7. What is the maximum number of electrons in the second energy shell of an atom? A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. 18 E. 32 8. What is the maximum number of electrons in the first energy shell of an atom? A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. 18 E. 32 9. Protons and neutrons make up the atom’s central core, which is referred to as its ______. A. isotope B. center of gravity C. valence number D. nucleus 10. The valence number is the A. number of protons. B. atomic weight. C. number of neutrons. D. number of electrons in the innermost orbital. E. number of electrons in the outermost orbital. 11. Two or more atoms bonded together are called a(n) ______. A. molecule B. isotope C. ion D. electrolyte E. element 12. What would be the valence number of electrons in the sulfur (S) atom? Its atomic number is 16. A. 2 B. 6 C. 8 D. 16 E. 32 13. Polar molecules A. always contain carbon. B. have an equal charge distribution. C. have an unequal charge distribution. D. always involve oxygen. E. are insoluble in water. 14. Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms. A. oxygen B. phosphorous C. nitrogen D. hydrogen E. carbon 15. C6H12O6 + C6H12O6  C12 H22O11 + H2O represents A.the formation of a polysaccharide. B. the formation of a peptide bond. C. a decomposition reaction. D. a denaturation reaction. E. a dehydration synthesis. True / False Questions 16. Electrons that participate in chemical bonding are typically located closest to the nucleus. True False Multiple Choice Questions 17. Substances that release ions when dissolved in water and conduct electricity are ______. A. covalent B. solvents C. nonpolar D. electrons E. electrolytes 18. A capillary tube is used to acquire a small blood sample for CBC (complete blood count) analysis. Suction is not required to transfer the blood from the fingertip prick to the tube in part due to A. covalent bonding between the water molecules. B. cohesive forces between the glass particles of the tube and the water molecules. C. ionic bonding between the water molecules. D. adhesive forces between the water molecules and the glass particles of the tube. 19. Polar molecules are composed of covalently bonded A. carbon atoms. B. ions. C. identical atoms. D. atoms of identical electronegativity. E. atoms of different electronegativity. 20. Covalent bonds A. result from gaining electrons. B. are always nonpolar. C. result from losing electrons. D. are always polar. E. result from sharing electrons. 21. Cations are A. atoms without protons. B. charged subatomic particles. C. atoms that have gained electrons. D. capable of forming ionic bonds with anions. E. atoms that have gained neutrons. 22. A reaction where an electron is lost is called ______. A. oxidation B. reduction C. ionization D. decomposition E. dissolution 23. Ionic bonds A. result from like charge attraction. B. result from transferring electrons. C. are the weakest chemical bonds. D. always involve carbon. E. result from sharing electrons. 24. Hydrogen bonds A. result from attractive forces between molecules with polar covalent bonds. B. are the strongest bonds between molecules. C. result from attractive forces between molecules with polar ionic bonds. D. result from attractive forces between molecules with nonpolar ionic bonds. E. result from attractive forces between molecules with nonpolar covalent bonds. 25. Atoms that gain or lose electrons become charged particles called ______. A. ions B. isotopes C. anions D. cations 26. Which of the following represents a synthesis reaction? A. AB  A + B B. A + B  AB C. AB + XY  AY + XB D. AB + XY  AY + XB 27. Which of the following represents a reversible reaction? A. A + B  AB B. AB  A + B C. AB + XY  AY + XB D. AB + XY  AY + XB 28. Ionic compounds A. are basic in solution. B. are acidic in solution. C. are hydrophobic. D. are hydrophilic. E. always form salts in solution. True / False Questions 29. Water molecules are nonpolar molecules. True False 30. Polar molecules have more reactivity compared to nonpolar molecules. True False 31. A covalent bond is formed between an anion and a cation. True False Multiple Choice Questions 32. The important solvent associated with living things is ______. A. benzene B. sodium chloride C. water D. carbon dioxide E. ethyl alcohol True / False Questions 33. The concentration of a solution expresses the amount of solvent present. True False Multiple Choice Questions 34. In the cell cytoplasm, molecules of ATP are a ______. A. solute B. solvent 35. Burning coal produces sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere. When combined with rain that falls into bodies of water, this leads to A. a greater concentration of OH- ions in the water. B. a decrease in the pH level of the water. C. an increase in pH level of the water. D. no change in the pH level of the water. 36. Compared to a solution of pH 9, a solution of pH 7 A. is more basic. + B. has more H ions. C. has a higher pH. D. has no OH ions. 37. Compared to a solution of pH 9, a solution of pH 7 is A. 20 times more basic. B. 2 times more acidic. C. 100 times more acidic. D. 100 times more basic. E. 20 times more acidic. True / False Questions 38. If solution A has a lower pH compared to solution B, then solution A is more acidic than solution B. True False Multiple Choice Questions 39. One technique for staining bacteria for viewing under the microscope is called the Gram stain. In this technique, alcohol is used as a decolorizer because it degrades the outer membrane found in some bacteria. What chemical component of the cell does alcohol affect? A. Protein B. Lipid C. Nucleic acids D. Carbohydrate 40. What type of bond is formed by dehydration synthesis between two amino acids? A. Ester B. Peptide C. Phosphate D. Disulfide E. Glycosidic 41. The purine ______ always hydrogen bonds with the pyrimidine ______ in double-stranded DNA. A. cytosine; guanine B. thymine; guanine C. guanine; cytosine D. adenine; guanine True / False Questions 42. The only part of an amino acid that differs from other amino acids is its R group. True False Multiple Choice Questions 43. In what way would life be different if the element carbon was absent? A. There would be no organic compounds. B. There would be no inorganic compounds. C. Life would not exist in any shape or form. D. The concept of pH would not exist. 44. A student forgot to label a beaker containing a DNA solution and a beaker containing a glucose solution. If chemical analysis was performed to identify the contents of each beaker, which of the following would be found in the beaker of DNA but not in the beaker with glucose? A. Nitrogen and phosphorus B. Carbon atoms C. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms D. Fatty acids E. Amino acids True / False Questions 45. All proteins are enzymes. True False Multiple Choice Questions 46. Which of the following functional groups is mismatched to the organic compound in which it is typically found? A. Carboxyl – fatty acids B. Amino – proteins C. Hydroxyl – alcohols D. Sulfhydryl – proteins E. Phosphate – carbohydrates 47. Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of ______. A. hydrophobic molecules B. hydrogen bonds C. repeating carbohydrates D. electrolytic molecules E. repeating monomers 48. All of the following are monosaccharides except ______. A. glycogen B. fructose C. glucose D. deoxyribose 49. Which of the following would have glycosidic bonds? A. Monosaccharides B. Polypeptides C. Triglycerides D. ATP E. Polysaccharides 50. Starch is the primary storage food for all of the following except ______. A. algae B. some fungi C. green plants D. animals 51. Select the statement that most accurately reflects the process of plant material digestion in humans. A. It requires the action of enzymes called kinases. B. It is linked to the digestion of glycogen. C. It is a process that is dependent upon enzyme (cellulase) production by gut microbiota. D. It is a very efficient process the produces very little undigested material in feces. 52. All of the following are lipids except ______. A. wax B. cholesterol C. phospholipid D. starch E. triglyceride 53. What part of a phospholipid comprises the hydrophobic tail? A. Alcohol B. Hydroxyl C. Phosphate D. Glycerol E. Fatty acids 54. A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens. A. monounsaturated B. unsaturated C. polyunsaturated D. saturated 55. The building blocks of an enzyme are ______. A. nucleotides B. monosaccharides C. amino acids D. glycerol and fatty acids E. phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids 56. An amino acid contains all of the following except a/n ______. A. phosphate B.  carbon C. carboxyl group D. variable R group E. amino group 57. An example of an amphipathic molecule found in living cells is ______. A. phospholipid B. nucleic acid C. protein D. ATP E. glucose 58. The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is the ______. A. triglycerides B. prostaglandins C. steroids D. phospholipids E. waxes 59. All of the following are polysaccharides except A. dextran in some bacterial slime layers. B. agar used to make solid culture media. C. cellulose in certain cell walls. D. sterols in cell membranes. E. a cell’s glycocalyx. 60. The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes is the ______. A. waxes B. steroids C. prostaglandins D. triglycerides E. phospholipids True / False Questions 61. Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization. True False Multiple Choice Questions 62. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding protein structure? A. Proteins, such as antibodies that are comprised of multiple polypeptide chains, have quaternary structure. B. The folding of a protein to form its active site creates its tertiary structure. C. Beta-pleated sheets are a type of protein secondary structure. D. The sequence of nucleotides determines the primary structure of a protein. 63. Which of the following is not true about enzymes? A. Enzymes are found in all cells. B. Enzymes can be denaturated by heat and other agents. C. Enzymes participate in the cell’s chemical reactions. D. Enzymes have high-energy bonds between phosphates. E. Enzymes are catalysts. 64. The alpha () helix is a type of _____ protein structure. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quaternary True / False Questions 65. The most important outcome of polypeptide intrachain bonding and folding is the unique shape of the protein. True False Multiple Choice Questions 66. ATP differs from the nucleotides found in DNA in the A. use of phosphate instead of sulfate in the backbone. B. use of phosphorus in the nitrogenous base portion of the molecule. C. sugar portion of the molecule. D. use of uracil in the nitrogenous base portion of the molecule. E. use of adenosine instead of adenine. True / False Questions 67. A new organism was identified that contained arsenic in place of phosphate in its DNA double helix structure. Based upon this information alone, it can be determined that this change will greatly alter the information encoded by this genetic material. True False Multiple Choice Questions 68. One nucleotide contains one A. phosphate. B. pentose sugar. C. nitrogen base. D. All of the choices are correct. 69. Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all ______. A. amino acids B. polysaccharides C. carbohydrates D. enzymes E. nucleic acids 70. Which of the following is not a pyrimidine? A. Adenine B. Thymine C. Cytosine D. Uracil 71. Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA? A. Contains ribose B. Contains nucleotides C. Contains thymine D. Contains adenine E. Contains uracil 72. Which of the following is a correct description of a component of the ATP molecule? A. Sugar: deoxyribose B. Sugar: ribose C. Nitrogenous base: alanine D. High energy bond: peptide bond E. High energy bond: glycosidic bond 73. ATP is best described as A. a double helix. B. the energy molecule of cells. C. an electron carrier. D. an enzyme. 74. A culture of an organism believed to cause intestinal symptoms is viewed under the microscope, and the microbiologist observes a cell membrane, flagella, mitochondria, and some dark unrecognizable structures within each cell. The microbiologist notes that the cells are eukaryotic because A. the dark structures must be the cell nuclei. B. only eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane. C. only eukaryotic cells have flagella. D. only eukaryotic cells have mitochondria. 75. NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying fossil bacteria in samples from Mars, as part of a search for evidence of life. Which of the following is good evidence for the presence of bacterial cells? A. Three-dimensional organization of cells in a starburst pattern B. No evidence of water in the surrounding mineral C. Cell size of 0.5 to 2 microns D. Absence of carbon in the material 76. Characteristics shared by all cells include A. a membrane serving as a cell boundary. B. the possession of genetic information. C. the presence of cellular fluid. D. All of the choices are correct. 77. All cells contain A. uracil in their DNA. B. ribosomes for protein synthesis. C. cell walls made of cellulose. D. organelles for compartmentalization. E. mitochondria to generate ATP. CH-02: Test Bank Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. An atom has gained an electron; it has been ______. A. ionized B. oxidized C. neutralized D. reduced E. deionized ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements. Learning Outcome: 02.02 List and define four types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 2. Anything that occupies space and has mass is called ______. A. matter B. energy C. living D. space E. atomic ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 3. The electrons of an atom are A. moving in pathways called orbitals. B. used to determine atomic number. C. positively charged. D. always equal to the number of neutrons in an atom. E. found in the nucleus. ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g., nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 4. The electrons of an atom are A. used to determine the atomic weight. B. always equal to the number of protons. C. carrying a positive charge. D. always in full orbitals. E. used to determine the atomic number. ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 5. All of the following pertain to the atom Carbon-14 except it A. has 14 neutrons. B. is an isotope of carbon. C. has 6 protons. D. has 6 electrons. ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 6. The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the ______. A. protons and neutrons B. neutrons C. electrons D. protons E. protons and electrons ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 7. What is the maximum number of electrons in the second energy shell of an atom? A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. 18 E. 32 ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 8. What is the maximum number of electrons in the first energy shell of an atom? A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. 18 E. 32 ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 9. Protons and neutrons make up the atom’s central core, which is referred to as its ______. A. isotope B. center of gravity C. valence number D. nucleus ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 10. The valence number is the A. number of protons. B. atomic weight. C. number of neutrons. D. number of electrons in the innermost orbital. E. number of electrons in the outermost orbital. ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 11. Two or more atoms bonded together are called a(n) ______. A. molecule B. isotope C. ion D. electrolyte E. element ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 12. What would be the valence number of electrons in the sulfur (S) atom? Its atomic number is 16. A. 2 B. 6 C. 8 D. 16 E. 32 ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 02.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 13. Polar molecules A. always contain carbon. B. have an equal charge distribution. C. have an unequal charge distribution. D. always involve oxygen. E. are insoluble in water. ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 14. Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms. A. oxygen B. phosphorous C. nitrogen D. hydrogen E. carbon ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 15. C6H12O6 + C6H12O6  C12 H22O11 + H2O represents A. the formation of a polysaccharide. B. the formation of a peptide bond. C. a decomposition reaction. D. a denaturation reaction. E. a dehydration synthesis. ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 02.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry True / False Questions 16. Electrons that participate in chemical bonding are typically located closest to the nucleus. FALSE ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements. Section: 02.01 Section: 02.02 Topic: Basic Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions 17. Substances that release ions when dissolved in water and conduct electricity are ______. A. covalent B. solvents C. nonpolar D. electrons E. electrolytes ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 List and define four types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 18. A capillary tube is used to acquire a small blood sample for CBC (complete blood count) analysis. Suction is not required to transfer the blood from the fingertip prick to the tube in part due to A. covalent bonding between the water molecules. B. cohesive forces between the glass particles of the tube and the water molecules. C. ionic bonding between the water molecules. D. adhesive forces between the water molecules and the glass particles of the tube. ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 02.02 List and define four types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 19. Polar molecules are composed of covalently bonded A. carbon atoms. B. ions. C. identical atoms. D. atoms of identical electronegativity. E. atoms of different electronegativity. ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 List and define four types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 20. Covalent bonds A. result from gaining electrons. B. are always nonpolar. C. result from losing electrons. D. are always polar. E. result from sharing electrons. ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 List and define four types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 21. Cations are A. atoms without protons. B. charged subatomic particles. C. atoms that have gained electrons. D. capable of forming ionic bonds with anions. E. atoms that have gained neutrons. ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 List and define four types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 22. A reaction where an electron is lost is called ______. A. oxidation B. reduction C. ionization D. decomposition E. dissolution ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 List and define four types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 23. Ionic bonds A. result from like charge attraction. B. result from transferring electrons. C. are the weakest chemical bonds. D. always involve carbon. E. result from sharing electrons. ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 List and define four types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 24. Hydrogen bonds A. result from attractive forces between molecules with polar covalent bonds. B. are the strongest bonds between molecules. C. result from attractive forces between molecules with polar ionic bonds. D. result from attractive forces between molecules with nonpolar ionic bonds. E. result from attractive forces between molecules with nonpolar covalent bonds. ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 List and define four types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 25. Atoms that gain or lose electrons become charged particles called ______. A. ions B. isotopes C. anions D. cations ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 List and define four types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 26. Which of the following represents a synthesis reaction? A. AB  A + B B. A + B  AB C. AB + XY  AY + XB D. AB + XY  AY + XB ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 02.02 List and define four types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 27. Which of the following represents a reversible reaction? A. A + B  AB B. AB  A + B C. AB + XY  AY + XB D. AB + XY  AY + XB ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 02.02 List and define four types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 28. Ionic compounds A. are basic in solution. B. are acidic in solution. C. are hydrophobic. D. are hydrophilic. E. always form salts in solution. ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 List and define four types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry True / False Questions 29. Water molecules are nonpolar molecules. FALSE ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 List and define four types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Section: 02.02 Topic: Basic Chemistry Topic: Biochemistry 30. Polar molecules have more reactivity compared to nonpolar molecules. TRUE ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 List and define four types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 31. A covalent bond is formed between an anion and a cation. FALSE ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 List and define four types of chemical bonds. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions 32. The important solvent associated with living things is ______. A. benzene B. sodium chloride C. water D. carbon dioxide E. ethyl alcohol ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.03 Differentiate between a solute and a solvent. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry True / False Questions 33. The concentration of a solution expresses the amount of solvent present. FALSE ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.03 Differentiate between a solute and a solvent. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions 34. In the cell cytoplasm, molecules of ATP are a ______. A. solute B. solvent ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 02.03 Differentiate between a solute and a solvent. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry Topic: Biochemistry 35. Burning coal produces sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere. When combined with rain that falls into bodies of water, this leads to A. a greater concentration of OH- ions in the water. B. a decrease in the pH level of the water. C. an increase in pH level of the water. D. no change in the pH level of the water. ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 02.04 Provide a brief definition of pH. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 36. Compared to a solution of pH 9, a solution of pH 7 A. is more basic. + B. has more H ions. C. has a higher pH. D. has no OH ions. ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.04 Provide a brief definition of pH. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry 37. Compared to a solution of pH 9, a solution of pH 7 is A. 20 times more basic. B. 2 times more acidic. C. 100 times more acidic. D. 100 times more basic. E. 20 times more acidic. ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 02.04 Provide a brief definition of pH. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry True / False Questions 38. If solution A has a lower pH compared to solution B, then solution A is more acidic than solution B. TRUE ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.04 Provide a brief definition of pH. Section: 02.01 Topic: Basic Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions 39. One technique for staining bacteria for viewing under the microscope is called the Gram stain. In this technique, alcohol is used as a decolorizer because it degrades the outer membrane found in some bacteria. What chemical component of the cell does alcohol affect? A. Protein B. Lipid C. Nucleic acids D. Carbohydrate ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. Learning Outcome: 02.06 Provide examples of cell components made from each of the families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 40. What type of bond is formed by dehydration synthesis between two amino acids? A. Ester B. Peptide C. Phosphate D. Disulfide E. Glycosidic ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. Learning Outcome: 02.06 Provide examples of cell components made from each of the families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 41. The purine ______ always hydrogen bonds with the pyrimidine ______ in double-stranded DNA. A. cytosine; guanine B. thymine; guanine C. guanine; cytosine D. adenine; guanine ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. Learning Outcome: 02.06 Provide examples of cell components made from each of the families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry True / False Questions 42. The only part of an amino acid that differs from other amino acids is its R group. TRUE ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. Learning Outcome: 02.06 Provide examples of cell components made from each of the families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry Multiple Choice Questions 43. In what way would life be different if the element carbon was absent? A. There would be no organic compounds. B. There would be no inorganic compounds. C. Life would not exist in any shape or form. D. The concept of pH would not exist. ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 44. A student forgot to label a beaker containing a DNA solution and a beaker containing a glucose solution. If chemical analysis was performed to identify the contents of each beaker, which of the following would be found in the beaker of DNA but not in the beaker with glucose? A. Nitrogen and phosphorus B. Carbon atoms C. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms D. Fatty acids E. Amino acids ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry True / False Questions 45. All proteins are enzymes. FALSE ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry Multiple Choice Questions 46. Which of the following functional groups is mismatched to the organic compound in which it is typically found? A. Carboxyl – fatty acids B. Amino – proteins C. Hydroxyl – alcohols D. Sulfhydryl – proteins E. Phosphate – carbohydrates ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 47. Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of ______. A. hydrophobic molecules B. hydrogen bonds C. repeating carbohydrates D. electrolytic molecules E. repeating monomers ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 48. All of the following are monosaccharides except ______. A. glycogen B. fructose C. glucose D. deoxyribose ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 49. Which of the following would have glycosidic bonds? A. Monosaccharides B. Polypeptides C. Triglycerides D. ATP E. Polysaccharides ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 50. Starch is the primary storage food for all of the following except ______. A. algae B. some fungi C. green plants D. animals ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 51. Select the statement that most accurately reflects the process of plant material digestion in humans. A. It requires the action of enzymes called kinases. B. It is linked to the digestion of glycogen. C. It is a process that is dependent upon enzyme (cellulase) production by gut microbiota. D. It is a very efficient process the produces very little undigested material in feces. ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 52. All of the following are lipids except ______. A. wax B. cholesterol C. phospholipid D. starch E. triglyceride ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 53. What part of a phospholipid comprises the hydrophobic tail? A. Alcohol B. Hydroxyl C. Phosphate D. Glycerol E. Fatty acids ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 54. A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens. A. monounsaturated B. unsaturated C. polyunsaturated D. saturated ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 55. The building blocks of an enzyme are ______. A. nucleotides B. monosaccharides C. amino acids D. glycerol and fatty acids E. phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 56. An amino acid contains all of the following except a/n ______. A. phosphate B.  carbon C. carboxyl group D. variable R group E. amino group ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 57. An example of an amphipathic molecule found in living cells is ______. A. phospholipid B. nucleic acid C. protein D. ATP E. glucose ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 58. The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is the ______. A. triglycerides B. prostaglandins C. steroids D. phospholipids E. waxes ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.06 Provide examples of cell components made from each of the families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 59. All of the following are polysaccharides except A. dextran in some bacterial slime layers. B. agar used to make solid culture media. C. cellulose in certain cell walls. D. sterols in cell membranes. E. a cell’s glycocalyx. ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.06 Provide examples of cell components made from each of the families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 60. The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes is the ______. A. waxes B. steroids C. prostaglandins D. triglycerides E. phospholipids ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.06 Provide examples of cell components made from each of the families of biochemicals. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry True / False Questions 61. Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization. FALSE ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.07 Differentiate among primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of protein structure. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry Multiple Choice Questions 62. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding protein structure? A. Proteins, such as antibodies that are comprised of multiple polypeptide chains, have quaternary structure. B. The folding of a protein to form its active site creates its tertiary structure. C. Beta-pleated sheets are a type of protein secondary structure. D. The sequence of nucleotides determines the primary structure of a protein. ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.07 Differentiate among primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of protein structure. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 63. Which of the following is not true about enzymes? A. Enzymes are found in all cells. B. Enzymes can be denaturated by heat and other agents. C. Enzymes participate in the cell’s chemical reactions. D. Enzymes have high-energy bonds between phosphates. E. Enzymes are catalysts. ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.07 Differentiate among primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of protein structure. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 64. The alpha () helix is a type of _____ protein structure. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quaternary ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.07 Differentiate among primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of protein structure. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry True / False Questions 65. The most important outcome of polypeptide intrachain bonding and folding is the unique shape of the protein. TRUE ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.07 Differentiate among primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of protein structure. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry Multiple Choice Questions 66. ATP differs from the nucleotides found in DNA in the A. use of phosphate instead of sulfate in the backbone. B. use of phosphorus in the nitrogenous base portion of the molecule. C. sugar portion of the molecule. D. use of uracil in the nitrogenous base portion of the molecule. E. use of adenosine instead of adenine. ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 02.08 List the three components of nucleotides. Learning Outcome: 02.09 Name the nitrogen bases of DNA and of RNA. Learning Outcome: 02.10 List the three components of ATP. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry True / False Questions 67. A new organism was identified that contained arsenic in place of phosphate in its DNA double helix structure. Based upon this information alone, it can be determined that this change will greatly alter the information encoded by this genetic material. FALSE ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 02.08 List the three components of nucleotides. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry Multiple Choice Questions 68. One nucleotide contains one A. phosphate. B. pentose sugar. C. nitrogen base. D. All of the choices are correct. ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.08 List the three components of nucleotides. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 69. Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all ______. A. amino acids B. polysaccharides C. carbohydrates D. enzymes E. nucleic acids ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.08 List the three components of nucleotides. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 70. Which of the following is not a pyrimidine? A. Adenine B. Thymine C. Cytosine D. Uracil ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.09 Name the nitrogen bases of DNA and of RNA. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 71. Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA? A. Contains ribose B. Contains nucleotides C. Contains thymine D. Contains adenine E. Contains uracil ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.09 Name the nitrogen bases of DNA and of RNA. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 72. Which of the following is a correct description of a component of the ATP molecule? A. Sugar: deoxyribose B. Sugar: ribose C. Nitrogenous base: alanine D. High energy bond: peptide bond E. High energy bond: glycosidic bond ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.10 List the three components of ATP. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 73. ATP is best described as A. a double helix. B. the energy molecule of cells. C. an electron carrier. D. an enzyme. ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.10 List the three components of ATP. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 74. A culture of an organism believed to cause intestinal symptoms is viewed under the microscope, and the microbiologist observes a cell membrane, flagella, mitochondria, and some dark unrecognizable structures within each cell. The microbiologist notes that the cells are eukaryotic because A. the dark structures must be the cell nuclei. B. only eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane. C. only eukaryotic cells have flagella. D. only eukaryotic cells have mitochondria. ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 02.11 Recall three characteristics common to all cells. Section: 02.03 Topic: Biochemistry 75. NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying fossil bacteria in samples from Mars, as part of a search for evidence of life. Which of the following is good evidence for the presence of bacterial cells? A. Three-dimensional organization of cells in a starburst pattern B. No evidence of water in the surrounding mineral C. Cell size of 0.5 to 2 microns D. Absence of carbon in the material ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 02.11 Recall three characteristics common to all cells. Section: 02.03 Topic: Biochemistry 76. Characteristics shared by all cells include A. a membrane serving as a cell boundary. B. the possession of genetic information. C. the presence of cellular fluid. D. All of the choices are correct. ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.11 Recall three characteristics common to all cells. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biochemistry 77. All cells contain A. uracil in their DNA. B. ribosomes for protein synthesis. C. cell walls made of cellulose. D. organelles for compartmentalization. E. mitochondria to generate ATP. ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.11 Recall three characteristics common to all cells. Section: 02.03 Topic: Biochemistry CH-02: Test Bank Summary Category # of Qu estions ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (includi ng bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). 7 ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different. 1 ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g., nitrogen fixation , methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). 1 ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined b y their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). 49 ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic cha racteristics. 12 ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological m eans. 2 ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and tr anslation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes. 5 ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function 8 ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways 64 ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow 5 ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems 1 Blooms Level: 1. Remember 41 Blooms Level: 2. Understand 20 Blooms Level: 3. Apply 14 Blooms Level: 4. Analyze 2 Learning Outcome: 02.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements. 16 Learning Outcome: 02.02 List and define four types of chemical bonds. 16 Learning Outcome: 02.03 Differentiate between a solute and a solvent. 3 Learning Outcome: 02.04 Provide a brief definition of pH. 4 Learning Outcome: 02.05 Name the four main families of biochemicals. 19 Learning Outcome: 02.06 Provide examples of cell components made from each of the families of biochemicals. 7 Learning Outcome: 02.07 Differentiate among primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of protein structure. 5 Learning Outcome: 02.08 List the three components of nucleotides. 4 Learning Outcome: 02.09 Name the nitrogen bases of DNA and of RNA. 3 Learning Outcome: 02.10 List the three components of ATP. 3 Learning Outcome: 02.11 Recall three characteristics common to all cells. 4 Section: 02.01 36 Section: 02.02 40 Section: 02.03 3 Topic: Basic Chemistry 36 Topic: Biochemistry 43