Living In The Environment, 4th Canadian Edition Test Bank

Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. The science of ecology began to emerge between 1965 and1970. a. True b. False 2. The industrial-medical revolution led to both increased air pollution and groundwater depletion. a. True b. False 3. Kyoto was not supported by the Stephen Harper government in Canada. a. True b. False 4. The industrial-medical revolution reached Canada during the first half of the 19th century. a. True b. False 5. George W. Bush, elected president of the United States, supported Kyoto and was committed to reducing automobile emissions. a. True b. False 6. Early hunter-gatherers had a greater environmental impact than more advanced hunter-gatherers. a. True b. False 7. The industrial-medical revolution led to a higher standard of living for many people. a. True b. False 8. Grey Owl was a staunch conservationist and wrote several books making a case for conservation. a. True b. False 9. The information-globalization revolution can lead to homogenizing of the Earth’s surface. a. True b. False 10. The agricultural revolution often led to fertile land being turned into desert from overgrazing by livestock. a. True b. False 11. During most of their existence, humans have been hunter-gatherers. a. True b. False 12. Slash-and-burn cultivation was most often practiced in tropical forests. a. True b. False 13. Clifford Sifton helped establish the first National Park in the United States. a. True b. False 14. A major goal of the wise-use movement was to weaken or repeal most of the US environmental laws and regulations. a. True b. False 15. The agricultural revolution took place some 5000 to 6000 years ago. a. True b. False 16. In Canada, the British North American Act of 1867 placed wildlife in the hands of the provinces. a. True b. False 17. Spaceship-Earth environmental worldview was developed in 1962 after Rachel Carson wrote her book, Silent Spring. a. True b. False 18. Shifting cultivation was practiced in tropical regions primarily. a. True b. False 19. The early colonists believed in the myth of superabundance. a. True b. False 20. Bison were often shot from the passenger windows of trains just for sport. a. True b. False 21. During the industrial-medical revolution there was a shift to burning non-renewable fossil fuels. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 22. In which country did the industrial-medical revolution begin? a. England b. the United States c. Japan d. France 23. What is one characteristic of all major culture revolutions that have happened since the hunter-gatherer era? a. shorter life spans b. decreased resource consumption and pollution c. improved living standards d. decreased food supplies 24. Which attitude was most characteristic of Native cultures? a. The land should be conquered. b. The land should be exploited as soon as possible. c. The land and its resources are to be respected. d. The wilderness is hostile. 25. What was NOT a characteristic of the agricultural revolution? a. spread of disease b. demand for minerals c. pollution d. respect for the environment 26. How many years has the species Homo sapiens sapiens lived on Earth? a. 4000 years b. 12 000 years c. 30000 years d. 60 000 years 27. Which statement is NOT characteristic of relationships between early hunter-gatherers and the environment? a. Population size was low. b. They exploited their environment for food and other resources. c. They caused major environmental impacts. d. They used potentially renewable resources. 28. What are Theodore Roosevelt and Gifford Pinchot known as? a. conservationists b. preservationists c. people with a frontier environmental worldview d. leaders of the Wilderness Society 29. What is the key characteristic of subsistence farmers? a. they tend to cause severe deforestation b. they grow only enough food to feed their families c. they require large, flat fields in grassland areas d. they use draft animals to pull plows 30. What was a major stimulus for the industrial-medical revolution? a. a shortage of wood b. the bubonic plague c. poverty d. the European wars 31. What is one characteristic of the agricultural revolution? a. lack of concern for the natural world b. fertilizing to improve soil fertility c. cultivating wild plants d. decreasing population size 32. What was the CCC? a. a world conference that focused on conservation issues b. a group of western ranchers that wanted free range for cattle c. a group of unemployed -people employed to do conservation projects for the government d. a conservation lobby that supported significant environmental legislation 33. In which year was -CITES created? a. 1965 b. 1975 c. 1978 d. 1985 34. After WWI, why did the US federal governments promote increased resource removal from public lands at low prices? a. to ensure species preservation b. to employ single-use management c. – to stimulate economic growth d. to attract homesteaders 35. What did the US Congress establish in 1905? a. National Park System b. Department of the Interior c. Environmental Protection Agency d. US Forest Service 36. What is Clifford Sifton known for? a. hazardous working conditions in the factories b. Establishing the first bird sanctuary c. being the father of conservation in Canada d. the dirty air from burning coal 37. What was NOT an outcome of the agricultural revolution? a. increased soil erosion b. increased manipulation of nature c. protection of wild plants and animals d. increased deforestation 38. What are both Henry David Thoreau and George Perkins Marsh called? a. Native Americans b. industrialists c. land barons d. conservationists 39. Which statement about slash-and-burn cultivation is true? a. it contours and terraces the land b. ashes from burned vegetation are left in place, which add plant nutrients to the soil c. crops are rotated yearly d. it ultimately leads to desertification 40. Which transition is characteristic of the industrial-medical revolution? a. a move from reliance on non-renewable energy resources to reliance on potentially renewable energy resources b. a move from farming employment to factory employment c. a move from large-scale production to small-scale production d. a move from higher crop productivity to lower crop productivity 41. What is James Harkin known for? a. he published “Man and Nature” b. he founded the Sierra Club in 1892 c. he wrote “Life in the Woods” d. he played a critical role in development of the National Parks Act 42. What helped to limit the effects of hunter-gatherer societies on the environment? a. giving nature time to recuperate after they moved on b. high use of resources c. exponential growth of their populations d. reliance on fossil fuels as an energy source 43. Which decade is considered the golden age of conservation? a. 1890–1900 b. 1900–1910 c. 1910–1920 d. 1920–1930 44. Who developed the Sierra Club in 1892? a. Theodore Roosevelt b. Aldo Leopold c. Gifford Pinchot d. John Muir 45. Which environmental event did NOT occur during the 1960s? a. Ecology emerged as a science and received media attention. b. Rachel Carson wrote “Silent Spring”. c. The first annual Earth Day was held. d. The Ecology Action Centre was established in the Maritimes. 46. Which statement is NOT characteristic of early hunter-gatherer societies? a. They gradually developed tools and hunting weapons. b. They lived in small groups of 50 or less. c. They learned to hunt large game cooperatively. d. They had little knowledge about their natural surroundings. 47. What was probably NOT a characteristic of the first agricultural communities? a. slash-and-burn cultivation b. specialized farming of one crop c. subsistence agriculture d. shifting cultivation 48. In which era did the industrial-medical evolution reach Canada? a. mid 1500s b. mid 1600s c. mid 1700s d. mid 1800s 49. Which U.S. president tripled the amount of land in the National Wilderness System and doubled the area administered by the National ParkSystem? a. Nixon b. Kennedy c. Carter d. Reagan 50. What type of energy was primarily used during the industrial-medical revolution? a. labour by domesticated animals b. solar power c. non-renewable sources d. wood 51. What do preservationists and wise-use resource managers agree on? a. some public lands should remain untouched forever b. sustainable yield is the best management principle c. multiple use is the best management principle d. public lands should be managed to benefit the greatest number of people 52. When did the first Earth Day take place-? a. 1950 b. 1960 c. 1970 d. 1980 53. What was the primary view of the early colonists who came to the North American continent? a. it was a hostile wilderness that needed to be conquered b. it was a friendly environment that needed care and nurturing c. it was a finite reservoir of resources d. it was an easy place to make a comfortable living 54. What is NOT a change that occurred as a result of the shift from hunter-gatherer to agricultural societies? a. specialized occupations and long-distance trade b. increased competition for resources c. equal work distribution among people d. growth of villages 55. What was NOT a characteristic of advanced hunter-gatherer societies? a. Using fire to convert forests into grasslands b. Stampeding herds to get food c. Subduing and dominating most other forms of life d. Redistributing plant populations during migrations 56. When did domestication of wild plants and animals occur? a. 5000 years ago b. 10 000 years ago c. 15 000 years ago d. 20 000 years ago 57. Which Canadian Prime Minister went head-to-head with President Ronald Reagan over acid rain? a. Jean Chretien b. Stephen Harper c. Brian Mulroney d. Pierre Trudeau 58. -Which US president greatly increased private energy and mineral development and timber cutting on public lands, and reduced funding for research on renewable energy sources? a. Carter b. Kennedy c. Nixon d. Reagan 59. Which human-resource relationship is NOT characteristic of a shift from a hunter-gatherer to an agricultural society? a. Use of domesticated animals increased the average energy use per person. b. People began accumulating material goods. c. People used muscle, sun, and coal as energy sources. d. The population increased with the increased food supply. 60. What is NOT a characteristic of the industrial-medical revolution? a. ability to utilize Earth’s resources b. social concern for workers c. average per capita energy consumption d. economic growth 61. What was an outcome of the early industrial-medical revolution? a. an increased number of coal-mining jobs b. negative human population growth c. movement of human populations from urban to rural communities d. a decreased number of assembly-line jobs 62. Which situation is least likely for most citizens of industrialized countries? a. a higher average life expectancy b. continued exponential growth of the human population c. an increase in average agricultural production per person d. more affordable material goods Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement. 63. ______________________________ is best known as a strong proponent of land ethics. 64. In 1978, ____________________________________________________________ began to research and publish its list of species at risk. 65. Today, most wood bison are found in ________________________________________ and in parts of northern Alberta. 66. Canadian environmentalist ______________________________ chaired the historic Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro. 67. The era of “environmental awakening” started in the ____________________. 68. The ______________________________ began in England in the mid-1700s and spread to the United States in the 1800s. 69. In the United States, _________________________ founded the Sierra Club in 1892. 70. Prime Minister ____________ and President Ronald Reagan were at loggerheads over the issue of international pollution. 71. The plant cultivation technique of ______________________________ involved cutting down the forests and then burning the underbrush to help fertilize the soil. 72. The ________________________________________ of 1916 declared that parks are to be maintained in a manner that leaves them unimpaired for future generations. 73. The ____________________ movement was formed to weaken or repel most of the United States’ environmental laws and regulations. 74. The ___________________________________ began about 10 000 to 12 000 years ago. 75. The ____________________ Protocol was signed in 1997 by Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, a pledge to reduce Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions. 76. The ______________________________ era saw the conquering of Native people and the taking over of their land. 77. The _________________________ era in North America was occupied by tribal people for at least 10 000 years before Europeans arrived. 78. The ___________________________________ was a view helped by most colonists who viewed the continent as having inexhaustible resources. CROPS 79. Which is the step after which the soil’s nutrients are depleted? 80. Which is the step that occurs after the best timber has been removed, but before crops are planted. 81. Which step allows the area to renew to soil fertility? 82. What was Aldo Leopold’s view of humans and the environment? CROPS 83. Which step involves the planting of crops? Answer Key 1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. False 6. False 7. True 8. True 9. True 10. True 11. True 12. True 13. False 14. True 15. False 16. True 17. False 18. True 19. True 20. True 21. True 22. a 23. c 24. c 25. d 26. d 27. c 28. a 29. b 30. a 31. c 32. c 33. b 34. c 35. d 36. c 37. c 38. d 39. b 40. b 41. d 42. a 43. b 44. d 45. c 46. d 47. b 48. d 49. c 50. c 51. d 52. c 53. a 54. c 55. c 56. b 57. c 58. d 59. c 60. b 61. a 62. b 63. Aldo Leopold 64. The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, COSEWIC 65. Wood Buffalo National Park 66. Maurice Strong 67. 1960s 68. industrial-medical revolution 69. John Muir 70. Brian Mulroney 71. slash-and-burn 72. National Park Service Act 73. wise-use 74. agricultural revolution 75. Kyoto 76. Colonial settlement 77. pre-Columbian 78. myth of superabundance 79. Step 3 80. Step 1 81. Step 4 82. He held a philosophy which views humans as part of naturewho have an ethical responsibility to preserve- nature 83. Step 2