Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, Volume 2: Since 1863, 7th Edition Test Bank

Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 1. Mexican Americans during the course of the nineteenth century a. saw their standard of living improve slightly. b. lost much of their landholdings. c. remained about the same. d. improved their status significantly. e. were forced to leave the country in large numbers. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 1 REFERENCES: Mexican Americans 2. By the 1870s, the major mineral being mined in the West was a. gold. b. silver. c. copper. d. lead. e. platinum. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Mining 3. The Chinese emigrated to the United States a. to escape poverty in their homeland. b. in search of gold. c. to shed China’s political unrest. d. from the Pearl River delta in southeast China. e. All of these choices. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Chinese Laborers and the Railroads 4. “Jim Crow” laws a. disenfranchised black Americans. b. extended the naturalization period for foreigners. c. prevented women from voting. d. mandated labor unions. e. mandated racial segregation in public facilities. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 1 REFERENCES: The Rise of Jim Crow Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 1 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 5. The Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson stated that a. the right of blacks to vote was not constitutionally protected. b. black Americans could be prevented from running for office. c. Jim Crow laws were illegal. d. black and white Americans could be segregated by race, but must be supplied with equal facilities. e. the Fourteenth Amendment did not apply to private acts of discrimination. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: The Rise of Jim Crow 6. In the fight for equal rights, black leader Booker T. Washington adopted a strategy that emphasized a. segregation. b. political equality and freedoms. c. self-help and education. d. government assistance to blacks. e. violent resistance. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: The Rise of Jim Crow 7. In the mining frontier, a. the largest and most profitable mines were owned by mining corporations. b. small independent miners controlled production and set prices. c. labor/management relations were peaceful due to high pay and industry profits. d. environmental concerns prevented the use of wasteful and destructive technologies. e. Native Americans supplied most of the labor force. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Mining Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 2 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 8. Hispanics who lived in the borderland communities of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico a. had grazed sheep on the open range in the 1870s. b. found their freight businesses replaced by the railroads by the 1880s. c. increasingly competed with Anglo settlers for grazing land. d. were squeezed out by major livestock companies. e. All of these choices. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Railroads and Borderlands Communities 9. The five “civilized tribes” a. sided with the Confederacy during the Civil War. b. were nomadic hunters who followed the buffalo across the plains. c. were the first organized group to openly oppose slavery in the United States. d. received millions of additional acres of land from the federal government in the 1860s. e. moved to Mexico after the Civil War. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Conquest and Resistance: American Indians in the Trans-Mississippi West 10. The “Ghost Dance” was a. a religious movement that promised the destruction of the white man and the return of Indian land. b. a Halloween celebration popular among Czech and German immigrants on the plains. c. the only Indian cultural activity permitted by Indian agents on the reservations in the 1890s. d. introduced by Christian missionaries as a means of undermining pagan rituals. e. a funeral ritual practiced by the Pueblo Indians. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: The Ghost Dance 11. All of the following statements regarding the Chinese in California are true except they a. were overwhelmingly male. b. were unable to develop communities owing to a shortage of women. c. were actively recruited to come to the region as laborers. d. were subject to the Foreign Miners’ Tax. e. referred to California as “Gold Mountain.” ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: Chinese Laborers and the Railroads Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 3 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 12. By 1890, the Sioux and other reservation Indians a. were rapidly adapting to a capitalist, agrarian lifestyle. b. had achieved full U.S. citizenship and equal rights. c. were reduced to lives of poverty, depression, and alcoholism. d. were profiting from the discovery of oil on their ancestral lands. e. were working in large numbers for the mining industry. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Conflict with the Sioux 13. In the post-Civil War period, the Spanish speaking peoples of the Southwest and California a. preserved many of their distinctive traditions. b. increasingly turned to the courts in an attempt to preserve their land rights. c. lost much of their political influence. d. were forced out of the gold fields. e. all of these choices ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: Mexican Americans 14. The economy of the “New South” was colonial in that a. it had not changed since the colonial period of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. b. it depended on raw materials imported from Caribbean colonies. c. many major industries were financed and controlled by northern businessmen. d. southern leaders invested more capital in agriculture than in manufacturing. e. European investors controlled much of the land and the industry. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Industrialization and the New South Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 4 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 15. All of the following statements regarding race relations during the New South period are true except a. most black southerners were denied the right to vote. b. a record number of blacks did manage to own land in the post-Reconstruction era. c. most southern blacks lived as tenant farmers or sharecroppers. d. industrialization in the South created jobs for blacks. e. lynching and racial violence increased significantly. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: Race and Industrialization; Southern Agriculture; Race Relations in the New South; The Rise of Jim Crow 16. During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, presidential elections were a. all won by Republicans. b. so close they were usually determined by one percent of the popular vote. c. dominated by issues related to Reconstruction. d. won only by candidates who had fought for the Union in the Civil War. e. all of these choices ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: Knife-Edge Electoral Balance 17. Which of these best exemplifies the Lost Cause? a. the effort to defeat Civil Service reform. b. fundraising initiatives by southern women to erect statues honoring slain Confederate soldiers. c. Ida B. Wells campaign against lynching in the Jim Crow South. d. Indian resistance to white encroachment on western lands. e. None of these choices. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Race Relations in the New South Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 5 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 18. In 1890, the Bureau of Census announced that a. sixty percent of the U.S. population lived west of the Mississippi River. b. a majority of Americans were foreign born. c. the frontier which had separated the settled from unsettled areas of the continent, no longer existed. d. the number of immigrants coming to the United States was at the lowest point in history. e. most Americans now lived in urban areas rather than on farms. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Conclusion 19. According to Frederick Jackson Turner, American character and culture were primarily influenced by a. the Spanish and the French traditions. b. the development of civilized cities and towns. c. the spread of the plantation system. d. the existence of the frontier and the westward movement. e. war. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Conclusion 20. Which of the following best describes the Mugwumps, Stalwarts, and Half-Breeds? a. They were conflicting groups within the Democratic Party. b. Both the Mugwumps and Half-Breeds supported reforms while the Stalwarts opposed reform. c. Only the Stalwarts advocated civil-service reform. d. All three groups favored extension of the spoils system. e. They were three fledging political parties who supported “clean” politics. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: Civil Service Reform 21. The first immigration restriction legislation in the U.S. was directed toward a. Chinese migration. b. Irish migration. c. Japanese migration. d. German migration. e. Italian migration. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Chinese Laborers and the Railroads Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 6 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 22. The McKinley Tariff of 1890 a. established the first income tax. b. had a reform measure that reduced the price of American manufactured products. c. was vetoed by President Benjamin Harrison. d. was responsible for the decisive Republican victory in the election of 1892. e. had a protective tax that raised import duties to an average of 50 percent. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: The Tariff Issue 23. The “Battle” of Wounded Knee a. was the worst defeat in the history of the U.S. Army. b. was a shoot out between sheep herders and cattlemen in Wyoming. c. revitalized Plains Indian culture. d. symbolized the death of the Plains Indians’ way of life. e. defeated the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: The Ghost Dance 24. Post-Civil War relations between Anglos and Mexican Americans in Texas were characterized by a. cooperation and friendliness. b. intimidation and hostility. c. mass deportations to Mexico. d. mutual respect and admiration. e. constant warfare. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Mexican Americans Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 7 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 25. The borderland communities way for life was dramatically changed by a. the Mexican War. b. cattle grazing. c. the end of the Civil War. d. the coming of railroads. e. statehood for California. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Railroads and Borderlands Communities 26. President Grant’s “Peace Policy” toward the Indians a. called for the extermination of the wild tribes. b. continued the tradition of dealing with Indian tribes as “separate nations.” c. encouraged Indians to accept civilization, Christianity, and citizenship. d. offered the peaceful relocation of willing Indians to remote areas in Canada and Alaska. e. vastly expanded Indian land holdings. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: The “Peace Policy” 27. The postwar boom in the range cattle industry began in which of the following? a. Kansas b. western Missouri c. southern Texas d. eastern Oklahoma e. Nebraska ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Cattle Drives and the Open Range 28. The Cheyenne at Sand Creek were led by a. Black Kettle b. Sitting Bull c. Chief Joseph d. Little Crow e. John Brown ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Suppression of Other Plains Indians Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 8 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 29. Most of the New South’s iron and steel industry was concentrated in a. central Georgia. b. northern Alabama. c. southern Mississippi. d. eastern Tennessee. e. Texas ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Industrialization and the New South 30. Most laborers in the west a. were cowboys. b. were miners. c. worked for one company all their lives. d. made a lot of money. e. were itinerant and temporary. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 1 REFERENCES: Itinerant Laborers 31. By the 1890s, southern farmers were importing nearly ____ of their food. a. one-half b. one-quarter c. two-thirds d. two-fifths e. nine-tenths ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Southern Agriculture Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 9 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 32. The most environmentally destructive type of mining in California’s gold rush was a. strip. b. placer. c. pan. d. stamping. e. hydraulic. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Mining 33. All of the following statements regarding women in the West are true except a. unmarried women could not own land under the Homestead Act. b. in 1860, more than 85 percent of Chinese women in San Francisco were prostitutes. c. women were less than 10 percent of the population in the California gold rush. d. western states were the first the grant suffrage to women. e. gender arrangements differed in the west compared to other regions. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: Gender and Western Settlement 34. Ida Wells was an advocate for a. copper miners. b. Chinese women in California. c. southern blacks. d. civil reform in government. e. Mexican Americans. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Race Relations in the New South 35. Longhorn cattle were introduced in southern Texas by a. German farmers. b. the Spaniards. c. Anglo ranchers. d. the Indians. e. Canadians. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 1 REFERENCES: Cattle Drives and the Open Range Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 10 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 36. Open-range grazing declined in the West because a. the range had become overstocked. b. record cold killed thousands of free range cattle. c. scientific breeding proved more profitable. d. ranchers began fencing their land. e. all of these choices. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Cattle Drives and the Open Range 37. The Battle of Little Bighorn in which George A. Custer and his men were killed occurred after a. whites had entered the sacred Black Hills seeking gold. b. the U.S. army had massacred the Ghost Dancers at Wounded Knee. c. Custer had insulted the Sioux chief. d. the Sioux had been confined to a reservation in Dakota territory. e. the army had carried out mass executions of Indian prisoners of war. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Conflict with the Sioux 38. The goal of the Indian schools was a. assimilation into American culture. b. research into Native American culture. c. the preservation of Native American language. d. training of Native Americans to factory work. e. teaching Native Americans how to vote. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY 2 : REFERENCE Interpreting the Visual Past: Indian Children at the Hampton Institute; The Dawes Severalty Act and Indian S: Boarding Schools Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 11 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 39. Texas Rangers a. protected Mexican American land claims in Texas. b. often acted as vigilantes for Anglos in retaliating against Mexican Americans. c. always enforced the law impartially. d. protected Mexican Americans’ right to vote. e. protected the rights of blacks in Texas. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: Mexican Americans 40. The writings of Thomas Nelson Page a. dealt realistically with the problems of southern society. b. were not read outside the South. c. criticized lynching. d. encouraged a diversified economy in the New South. e. romanticized plantation society of the Old South. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Race Relations in the New South 41. Southern cotton mills had a competitive advantage over northern mills because of a. cheap energy sources. b. cheap labor, made up mostly of former slaves. c. cheap labor, made up mostly of poor, non-union, southern whites. d. cheap labor, made up mostly of immigrants. e. better weather conditions. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: Industrialization and the New South 42. The African Americans — “Exodusters” — who left the South beginning in the 1870s a. were lured to the North by agents seeking industrial workers. b. moved to escape poverty. c. were acting on a rumor that there was free land for them in Kansas. d. comprised 50,000 people hoping to resettle in Africa and leave southern racism behind. e. were acting on the advice of noted leader Booker T. Washington. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Exodusters and Emigrationists Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 12 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 43. Between 1865 and 1900 the white population in the trans-Mississippi west increased a. 90 percent. b. 200 percent. c. 300 percent d. 400 percent. e. 800 percent. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Introduction 44. In the 1880s, James B. Duke industrialized the ____ industry. a. cotton b. coffee c. mining d. tobacco e. meatpacking ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Industrialization and the New South 45. The basic institution of the southern rural economy after the Civil War was the “crop lien system.” a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: Southern Agriculture 46. Since most Plains Indian cultures traditionally included an economy based on individually owned farms, tribal members quickly adapted to reservation life. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: The “Peace Policy”; The Dawes Severalty Act and Indian Boarding Schools Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 13 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 47. During the Civil War, many major American Indian tribes signed treaties of alliance with the Confederacy. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Conquest and Resistance: American Indians in the Trans-Mississippi West 48. During the 1890s, the American West was the scene of many “wars” between farmers and large ranchers. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 1 REFERENCES: Cattle Drives and the Open Range 49. The Mugwumps were small in number but large in influence. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Civil Service Reform 50. Itinerant and ethnically diverse labor was common in the west. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Itinerant Laborers 51. Immigrant homesteaders from Germany and Scandinavia found it difficult to recreate ethnic communities in the U.S. West. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: The Experience of Homesteading Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 14 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 52. Most Chinese immigrants to California did not intend on staying there permanently. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Chinese Laborers and the Railroads 53. The Spanish brought the first cattle into Texas in the 1700s. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 1 REFERENCES: Cattle Drives and the Open Range 54. Very few longhorns made it up the Chisholm Trail. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Cattle Drives and the Open Range 55. Ida B. Wells was a southern black journalist who carried on an extensive campaign against lynching. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Race Relations in the New South 56. In Williams v. Mississippi, the U.S. Supreme Court outlawed the use of literacy and property qualifications to limit voting rights. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: The Rise of Jim Crow Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 15 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 57. Many whites believed that Booker T. Washington encouraged black Americans to accept permanent second-class citizenship. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: The Rise of Jim Crow 58. Southern cotton production after the Civil War was so plentiful, prices for it declined tremendously. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Southern Agriculture 59. The coming of the railroads opened a new era of prosperity for the borderland communities. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Railroads and Borderlands Communities 60. Cheyenne leaders Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse crushed U.S. cavalrymen at Little Big Horn and sent them into permanent retreat in 1876. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Conflict with the Sioux 61. Fredrick Jackson Turner’s thesis included an early call for environmental protection of the west. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: Conclusion Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 16 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 62. Spanish-speaking peoples in the Southwest and California managed to preserve much of their distinctive culture. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: The Experience of Homesteading 63. Almost half of the homesteaders who settled the Great Plains were unable to “prove” their claim and lost their land. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Homesteading and Farming 64. Wages in southern cotton mills were roughly the same as those in northern mills. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Industrialization and the New South 65. In 1867, the Union Pacific railroad employed workforce that was almost 90 percent Chinese. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: Railroads 66. The cowboy tradition of rounding up and herding cattle arrived in the Americas with the earliest Spanish settlers. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: Industrial Cowboys Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 17 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 67. Mexican Americans for the most part, did not lose land to American settlers. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: Mexican Americans 68. The writer who offered a first-hand account of the spiritual suffering of Indian children in boarding schools run by the Bureau of Indian Affairs was Helen Hunt Jackson. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: The Dawes Severalty Act and Indian Boarding Schools 69. In the late 1870s, thousands of southern blacks were encouraged to move west to Kansas. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Exodusters and Emigrationists 70. When he won the election of 1884, Grover Cleveland became the first Democrat to be elected in 28 years. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Civil Service Reform 71. Republicans won the presidency and gained control of both houses of Congress in 1888. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: The Tariff Issue Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 18 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 72. Nine out of ten western cowboys were born in the eastern United States. Middle class black women became leaders of the movement for “racial uplift.” a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: The Emergence of an African-American Middle Class 73. Southern cotton output doubled between 1878 and 1898. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Southern Agriculture 74. Most Americans could not afford to participate in the Homestead Act. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: The Homestead Act 75. Industrialization of the west added to its ethnic diversity. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Itinerant Laborers 76. The Texas Rangers protected Mexican Americans from Anglo violence. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Mexican Americans Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 19 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 77. Miller and Lux only hired Chinese laborers. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Itinerant Laborers 78. In the aftermath of the Civil War, the process of concentrating Indian tribes on reservations slowed down. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Conquest and Resistance: American Indians in the Trans-Mississippi West 79. According to Frederick Jackson Turner, the frontier shaped a new kind of democratic egalitarian culture. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Conclusion 80. In the Sand Creek massacre half of the Indians killed were women and children. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Conflict with the Sioux 81. Under President Grant the Board of Indian Commissioners was staffed by former Indian fighters hostile to the interests of the natives. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: The “Peace Policy” Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 20 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 82. The Foreign Miners Tax of 1850 was intended to protect Mexican land claims in California. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: Mexican Americans 83. Americans killed millions of buffalo. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Suppression of Other Plains Indians 84. The Ghost Dance was to prepare warriors for battle. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: The Ghost Dance 85. The notorious massacre of hundreds of Indian women and children by Colonel John Chivington (1864) in Colorado occurred at ____________________. ANSWER: Sand Creek POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Conflict with the Sioux 86. The first cattle trail ended 800 miles north of Texas in ____________________. ANSWER: Sedalia, Missouri POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 1 REFERENCES: Cattle Drives and the Open Range 87. The best known and most wide-open cow town in Kansas was ____________________. ANSWER: Dodge City POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 1 REFERENCES: Cattle Drives and the Open Range Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 21 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 88. Under the Homestead Act, a total of ____________________ acres of public land was claimed by settlers. ANSWER: 285 million POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: The Homestead Act 89. ____________________ introduced the cigarette-making machine and founded the American Tobacco Company. ANSWER: James B. Duke POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Industrialization and the New South 90. ____________________ was the founder of Tuskegee Institute who emphasized that educational and economic opportunities were more important than civil rights. ANSWER: Booker T. Washington POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: The Rise of Jim Crow 91. ____________________ was the only Democrat elected president during the Gilded Age. ANSWER: Grover Cleveland POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Knife-Edge Electoral Balance; Civil Service Reform 92. General Custer lost his life in his defeat at ____________________. ANSWER: Little Bighorn POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Conflict with the Sioux 93. The completion of the transcontinental railroad was marked by the use of a(n) “____________________” for the last track. ANSWER: golden spike POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 1 REFERENCES: The Golden Spike 94. Many Chinese women were kidnapped and brought to America to be ____________________. ANSWER: prostitutes POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Gender and Western Settlement Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 22 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 95. Mugwumps, Stalwarts, and Half-Breeds were divisions within the ____________________ Party. ANSWER: Republican POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Civil Service Reform 96. The Souls of Black Folk was written by ____________________. ANSWER: W. E. B. Du Bois POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: What They Said: Differing Visions of Progress: Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois 97. The landmark Supreme Court case that sanctioned Jim Crow laws was ____________________. ANSWER: Plessy v. Ferguson POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: The Rise of Jim Crow 98. The Foreign Miners Tax of 1850 effectively forced ____________________ out of the California gold fields. ANSWER: Mexican Americans POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Mexican Americans 99. The Homestead Act was unusual in that it allowed _________________________ to claim land. ANSWER: unmarried women POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Gender and Western Settlement 100. Discrimination against the Chinese reached a peak in 1882 with the ____________________ Act. ANSWER: Chinese Exclusion POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Chinese Laborers and the Railroads 101. Under the Homestead Act, people who lived on the land they claimed and improved it could receive the title to it after ________________ years. ANSWER: five POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: The Homestead Act Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 23 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 102. To ensure the construction of the railroads that would connect the West to the rest of the United States, the federal government passed ______________________, which provided loans and land subsidies to two railroad companies. ANSWER: the Pacific Railroad Bill POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Railroads 103. The ranchers’ contemptuous term for farmers was ____________________. ANSWER: Grangers POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: Cattle Drives and the Open Range 104. Eastern Americans were introduced to the myths of the West as they were entertained by ____________________ show. ANSWER: Buffalo Bill’s Wild West POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Sitting Bull and Buffalo Bill: Popular Myths of the West 105. Plains Indian culture was based on the ____________________. ANSWER: buffalo POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 1 REFERENCES: Conquest and Resistance: American Indians in the Trans-Mississippi West 106. ____________________ was the Santee Sioux chief who led an uprising in Minnesota that resulted in the death of at least 500 Minnesotans. ANSWER: Chief Little Crow POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: Conflict with the Sioux 107. ____________________ led the campaign to crush the Sioux in retaliation for the defeat of Custer and his men at Little Big Horn. ANSWER: General Philip Sheridan POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: Conflict with the Sioux Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 24 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 108. A Century of Dishonor by ____________________ emphasized the violence, exploitation and broken treaties that characterized relationships between Indians and whites. ANSWER: Helen Hunt Jackson POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: The “Peace Policy” 109. Wounded Knee occurred at ____________________ Reservation. ANSWER: Pine Ridge POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 3 REFERENCES: The Ghost Dance 110. Editor of the Atlanta Constitution, and leading advocate for the New South was ____________________. ANSWER: Henry Grady POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Industrialization and the New South 111. Republicans who opposed civil service reform were known as ____________________. ANSWER: Stalwarts POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Civil Service Reform 112. The man who assassinated President Garfield was ____________________. ANSWER: Charles Guiteau POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Civil Service Reform 113. The historian who contended that the frontier had shaped American character and culture was ____________________. ANSWER: Frederick Jackson Turner POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 1 REFERENCES: Conclusion 114. The Pendleton Civil Service Act passed during the presidential administration of ____________________. ANSWER: Chester Arthur POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: 2 REFERENCES: Civil Service Reform Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 25 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 115. Jim Crow Laws ANSWER: Answer not provided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Rise of Jim Crow 116. New South ANSWER: Answer not provided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Industrialization and the New South 117. Exodusters ANSWER: Answer not provided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Exodusters and Emigrationists 118. range war ANSWER: Answer not provided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Cattle Drives and the Open Range 119. Battle of Little Big Horn ANSWER: Answer not provided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Conflict with the Sioux 120. African American middle class ANSWER: Answer not provided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Emergence of an African-American Middle Class 121. Chinese Exclusion Act ANSWER: Answer not provided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Chinese Laborers and the Railroads 122. Booker T. Washington ANSWER: Answer not provided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Rise of Jim Crow Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 26 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 123. Dawes Severalty Act ANSWER: Answer not provided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Dawes Severalty Act and Indian Boarding Schools 124. Ghost Dance/Wounded Knee ANSWER: Answer not provided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Ghost Dance 125. “Peace Policy” ANSWER: Answer not provided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The “Peace Policy” 126. Turner thesis ANSWER: Answer not provided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Conclusion 127. Compare and contrast the federal and state governments’ treatment of the Plains Indians and Mexican Americans in the late nineteenth century. ANSW Answer not provided. ER: POIN 1 TS: REFE Railroads and Borderlands Communities; Mexican Americans; Conquest and Resistance: American Indians in the RENC Trans-Mississippi West; Conflict with the Sioux; Suppression of Other Plains Indians; The “Peace Policy”; The ES: Dawes Severalty Act and Indian Boarding Schools; The Ghost Dance 128. Describe the role of the United States’ federal government in facilitating settlement of the West. ANSWER: Answer not provided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Homestead Act; Railroads 129. Discuss the importance of mining and ranching (raising cattle) to the economic development of the West. How did each become increasingly industrialized and what did that mean for ranchers and miners themselves? ANSWER: Answer not provided. POINTS: 1 REFERENC Mining; Ranching; Cattle Drives and the Open Range; The Industrialization of Ranching; Industrial ES: Cowboys; Mexican Americans; Itinerant Laborers Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 27 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 130. Describe the U.S. government’s policies in dealing with the Plains Indians after the Civil War. ANSWE Answer not provided. R: POINTS1 : REFER Conquest and Resistance: American Indians in the Trans-Mississippi West; Conflict with the Sioux; Suppression ENCES:of Other Plains Indians; The “Peace Policy”; The Dawes Severalty Act and Indian Boarding Schools; The Ghost Dance 131. Describe the major political issues in the late nineteenth century. ANSWER: Answer not provided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Politics of Stalemate; Knife-Edge Electoral Balance; Civil Service Reform; The Tariff Issue 132. Examine the westward expansion of the United States in the years after the Civil War. ANS Answer not provided. WER : POI 1 NTS: REF An Industrializing West The Homestead Act; Railroads; Chinese Laborers and the Railroads; The Golden Spike; ERE Railroads and Borderlands Communities; Mining; Ranching; Cattle Drives and the Open Range; The NCE Industrialization of Ranching; Mexican Americans; Homesteading and Farming; Gender and Western Settlement; S: Conquest and Resistance: American Indians in the Trans-Mississippi West; Conflict with the Sioux; Suppression of Other Plains Indians; The “Peace Policy”; The Ghost Dance 133. Discuss race relations in the New South period. Describe the institutionalization of discrimination, and examine the response of black and white reformers. ANSWER: Answer not provided. POINTS: 1 REFEREN Race and Industrialization; Exodusters and Emigrationists; Race Relations in the New South; The Emergence CES: of an African-American Middle Class; The Rise of Jim Crow 134. In 1886, Henry Grady announced the emergence of a modern, progressive, industrialized New South. Discuss Grady’s vision, examine the southern economy and assess whether or not the goals of the New South ideology were actually achieved by the turn of the century. ANSWE Answer not provided. R: POINTS 1 : REFER Industrialization and the New South; Race and Industrialization; Southern Agriculture; Exodusters and ENCES: Emigrationists; Race Relations in the New South; The Emergence of an African-American Middle Class; The Rise of Jim Crow Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 28 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 18—A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900 135. Discuss the major issues in national politics during the period 1876 through 1892. ANSWER: Answer not provided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Politics of Stalemate; Knife-Edge Electoral Balance; Civil Service Reform; The Tariff Issue Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 29