Ecology: Concepts and Applications, 5th Edition Test Bank

Chapter 02 – Life on Land Chapter 02 Life on Land Multiple Choice Questions 1. A biome is characterized primarily by A. flora and fauna. B. temperature and moisture. C. climate and predominate plant types. D. global weather patterns. E. None of the choices are correct. Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.03.02 Describe the climatic differences among the biomes. Section: 02.03 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 2. Earth’s climatic variation is due to A. the spherical shape of the earth. B. earth’s axial rotation as it orbits the sun. C. uneven heating of the earth’s surface. D. All of the choices are correct. E. None of the choices are correct. Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.01.02 Define biome. Section: 02.01 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 2-1 Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Life on Land 3. Which of the following soil horizon profiles is ordered correctly? A. A, B, C, O B. O, A, B, C C. O, B, A, C D. C, B, O, A E. None of the choices are correct. Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02.01 Draw a soil profile, including typical soil horizons. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 4. Coriolis effect causes winds in the A. Northern Hemisphere to deflect to the left. B. Northern Hemisphere to deflect to the right. C. Southern Hemisphere to deflect to the right. D. Northern and Southern Hemispheres to deflect to the left. E. Northern and Southern Hemispheres to deflect to the right. Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.01.04 Explain the influence of the Coriolis effect on wind direction. Section: 02.01 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 5. All of the following statements concerning wind are true except: A. northeast trade winds blow toward the poles. B. southeast trade winds blow toward the equator. C. polar easterlies blow toward the equator. D. westerlies blow toward the south pole in the southern hemisphere. E. westerlies blow toward the north pole in the northern hemisphere. Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.01.04 Explain the influence of the Coriolis effect on wind direction. Section: 02.01 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 2-2 Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Life on Land 6. Warm tropical air A. is dense and sinks. B. has a low evaporative potential. C. cools as it ascends. D. warms as it ascends. E. meets cool polar air causing precipitation in the tropics. Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.01.02 Define biome. Section: 02.01 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 7. All of the following statements are true except: A. A horizon: mixture of organic and mineral materials. B. B horizon: deposition of clay and humus. C. C horizon: weathered parent material. D. O horizon: organic layer. E. All of the choices are correct. Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02.02 Describe the characteristics of each of the typical soil horizons. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 8. Heating of the earth’s surface causes A. cool air to rise and warm air to sink. B. warm air to rise and cool air to sink. C. warm and cool air to condense. D. warm and cool air to mix. E. None of the choices are correct. Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.01.02 Define biome. Section: 02.01 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 2-3 Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Life on Land 9. Which soil horizon is most influenced by climate? A. A B. B C. C D. O E. All are equally influenced. Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02.03 Discuss how climate, organisms, topography, parent material, and time can influence soil development and structure. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 10. Which of the following terrestrial biomes are maintained by fires? A. tropical dry forests B. temperate forests and mountains C. Mediterranean woodlands and shrublands D. tropical savannas and temperate grasslands E. boreal forests and tundra Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.03.02 Describe the climatic differences among the biomes. Section: 02.03 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 11. There are(is) _______ convective air cell(s) per hemisphere, _______ total for the earth. A. 1; 2 B. 2; 4 C. 3; 6 D. 4; 8 E. 5; 10 Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 02.01.02 Define biome. Section: 02.01 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 2-4 Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Life on Land 12. Climatic diagrams provide all of the following information except: A. wind patterns. B. average minimum temperature above and below 0C. C. temperature and precipitation variations. D. wet and dry season durations. E. None of the choices are correct. Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate Learning Outcome: 02.01.03 Interpret a climate diagram. Section: 02.01 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 13. Most of the earth’s deserts are A. located at 0 latitude. B. located at 30 north and south latitudes. C. located at 60 north and south latitudes. D. located at 90 north and south latitudes. E. randomly scattered around the earth’s surface. Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.03.02 Describe the climatic differences among the biomes. Section: 02.03 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 14. The Northern and Southern Hemispheres receive approximately equal amounts of solar radiation on the A. spring equinox. B. northern summer solstice. C. autumnal equinox. D. southern winter solstice. E. both spring equinox and autumnal equinox. Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.01.01 Describe how natural history has helped with restoration of tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. Section: 02.01 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 2-5 Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Life on Land 15. Tropical dry forests are located between A. 0 and 10 north and south latitudes. B. 0 and 25 south latitude. C. 10 and 25 north and south latitudes. D. 10 and 25 south latitude. E. None of the choices are correct. Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.03.02 Describe the climatic differences among the biomes. Section: 02.03 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 16. All of the following statements are true except: A. Tropical rain forests are continuously warm and wet. B. Tropical dry forests have rainy and dry seasons. C. In a desert, evaporation exceeds precipitation. D. Taigas have moderate temperatures with occasional droughts. E. Tundras are cold and dry. Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate Learning Outcome: 02.03.02 Describe the climatic differences among the biomes. Section: 02.03 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 17. All of the following components influence soil structure except: A. age. B. parent material. C. climate. D. organisms. E. None of the choices are correct. Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02.03 Discuss how climate, organisms, topography, parent material, and time can influence soil development and structure. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 2-6 Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Life on Land 18. Atmospheric circulation and precipitation patterns are influenced by which of the following? A. rising and sinking of warm and cool air masses B. uneven heating of the earth’s surface and atmosphere by the sun C. differential ability of cool and warm air masses to hold water vapor D. Coriolis effect E. All of the choices are correct. Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.01.02 Define biome. Section: 02.01 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 19. The _______________ is a depositional horizon that contains clays, humus, and other materials which may form distinct banding patterns. A. A horizon B. B horizon C. C horizon D. D horizon E. O horizon Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02.02 Describe the characteristics of each of the typical soil horizons. Section: 02.02 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 20. Which of the following is true for the Palmer Drought Severity Index? A. It uses temperature and precipitation to calculate moisture conditions relative to long-term averages. B. Negative values reflect drought conditions. C. Values near zero reflect average rainfall conditions. D. It demonstrates both temporal and spatial climatic variation. E. All of the choices are correct. Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate Learning Outcome: 02.Applications.02 Describe the Palmer Drought Severity Index. Section: Applications Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 2-7 Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Life on Land 21. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the boreal forest? A. dominated by evergreen conifers such as spruce and fir B. home to moose and migratory caribou C. sparse plant cover D. thick layer of plant litter that ties up nutrients E. low fertility, thin, acidic soil Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.03.04 Describe the types of vegetation, animals, and other organisms characteristic of the terrestrial biomes. Section: 02.03 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 22. Which of the following biomes have fertile soils that contain large quantities of organic matter? A. tropical rain forest B. temperate forest C. temperate grassland D. All of the choices are correct. E. both temperate forest and temperate grassland Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.03.03 Contrast the soils typical of the terrestrial biomes. Section: 02.03 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems True / False Questions 23. Mycorrhizae are parasitic fungi that are depleting tropical trees of nutrients. FALSE Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.03.04 Describe the types of vegetation, animals, and other organisms characteristic of the terrestrial biomes. Section: 02.03 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 2-8 Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Life on Land 24. As altitude increases, temperatures decrease, likewise, as latitude decreases, temperatures decrease. FALSE Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.03.02 Describe the climatic differences among the biomes. Section: 02.03 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 25. Trade winds move toward the equator. TRUE Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.01.04 Explain the influence of the Coriolis effect on wind direction. Section: 02.01 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 26. In general, warm air can hold more moisture than cool air and therefore has a stronger evaporative effect. TRUE Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.01.02 Define biome. Section: 02.01 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 27. The dispersal of the quanacaste tree’s (Enterolobium cyclocarpum) seeds was performed by herbivores that have since become extinct; consequently, the tree is now on the verge of extinction. FALSE Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.00.01 Describe how natural history has helped with restoration of tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. Section: 02.00 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 2-9 Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Life on Land 28. The precipitation in moist temperate regions is caused by the meeting of cool polar air and warm subtropical air. TRUE Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.01.02 Define biome. Section: 02.01 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 29. Environments located at low latitudes at high elevations have similar climates as those environments located at high latitudes. TRUE Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.03.02 Describe the climatic differences among the biomes. Section: 02.03 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 30. Proximity to large bodies of water moderates terrestrial temperatures. TRUE Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.03.02 Describe the climatic differences among the biomes. Section: 02.03 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 31. In the region between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, seasonal variations in temperature and day length at low elevation are slight. TRUE Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.01.01 Describe how natural history has helped with restoration of tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. Section: 02.01 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 2-10 Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Life on Land 32. A sample mean is a statistical estimate of the true population mean. TRUE Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: Analyze and Interpret Data. Section: Investigating the Evidence Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems Fill in the Blank Questions 33. Desert soils are often termed _________________. lithosols Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.03.03 Contrast the soils typical of the terrestrial biomes. Section: 02.03 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems Multiple Choice Questions 2-11 Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 02 – Life on Land 34. Warm air over the equator A. rises and moves toward the poles. B. cools and sinks over the equator. C. rises and absorbs moisture. D. absorbs moisture and moves toward the poles. Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 02.01.02 Define biome. Section: 02.01 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems Fill in the Blank Questions 35. Irrigation of desert soils could lead to the formation of _________________. caliches Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 02.03.03 Contrast the soils typical of the terrestrial biomes. Section: 02.03 Topic: Biomes and Ecosystems 2-12 Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.