American Pageant, Volume 2, 16th Edition Test Bank

Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 Identify and state the historical significance of the following: 1. Ulysses S. Grant ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Bloody Shirt Elects Grant 2. Horatio Seymour ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The “Bloody Shirt” Elects Grant 3. Jim Fisk ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Era of Good Stealings 4. Jay Gould ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Era of Good Stealings 5. “Boss” Tweed ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Era of Good Stealings 6. Thomas Nast ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Era of Good Stealings 7. William Belknap ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: A Carnival of Corruption 8. Horace Greeley ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Liberal Republican Revolt of 1872 Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 1 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 9. Roscoe Conkling ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age 10. James G. Blaine ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age 11. Rutherford B. Hayes ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Hayes-Tilden Standoff, 1876 The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction 12. Denis Kearney ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes 13. Winfield Scott Hancock ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes 14. Samuel Tilden ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Hayes-Tilden Standoff, 1876 The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction 15. James A. Garfield ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Garfield and Arthur 16. Chester A. Arthur ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Garfield and Arthur Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 2 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 17. Charles J. Guiteau ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Garfield and Arthur 18. Winfield S. Hancock ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Garfield and Arthur 19. Benjamin Harrison ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Cleveland Battles for a Lower Tariff 20. Grover Cleveland ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: “Old Grover” Takes Over Cleveland Battles for a Lower Tariff The Blaine-Cleveland Mudslingers of 1884 Cleveland and Depression 21. Thomas Reed ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Billion-Dollar Congress 22. William McKinley ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Billion-Dollar Congress 23. James B. Weaver ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Drumbeat of Discontent 24. Tom Watson ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Drumbeat of Discontent Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 3 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 25. Andrew Carnegie ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Drumbeat of Discontent Part Four: Forging an Industrial Society, 1865-1909 26. Adlai E. Stevenson ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Cleveland and Depression 27. William Jennings Bryan ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Cleveland and Depression 28. J. P. Morgan ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Cleveland and Depression Define and state the historical significance of the following: 29. “cheap-money” ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Depression, Deflation, and Inflation 30. “hard-money” ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Depression, Deflation, and Inflation 31. contraction ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Depression, Deflation, and Inflation 32. “waving the bloody shirt” ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The “Bloody Shirt” Elects Grant Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 4 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 33. Gilded Age ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age 34. spoils system ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Garfield and Arthur Contending Voices: The Spoils System 35. crop-lien system ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-Reconstruction South 36. patronage ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age 37. pork-barrel bills ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Cleveland Battles for a Lower Tariff 38. populism ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Varying Viewpoints: The Populists: Radicals or Reactionaries? 39. grandfather clause ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Drumbeat of Discontent 40. Jim Crow laws ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-Reconstruction South Describe and state the historical significance of the following: Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 5 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 41. “Ohio Idea” ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The “Bloody-Shirt” Elects Grant 42. Black Friday ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Era of Good Stealings 43. Tweed Ring ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Era of Good Stealings 44. Crédit Mobilier scandal ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: A Carnival of Corruption 45. Whiskey Ring ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: A Carnival of Corruption 46. Liberal Republicans ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Liberal Republican Revolt of 1872 47. Freedman’s Savings and Trust Company ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Depression, Deflation, and Inflation 48. panic of 1873 ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Depression, Deflation, and Inflation 49. greenbacks ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Depression, Deflation, and Inflation Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 6 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 50. Pendleton Act ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Garfield and Arthur 51. Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age 52. Half-Breed ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Pallid Politics in th Gilded Age 53. Compromise of 1877 ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction 54. Civil Rights Cases (1883) ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction 55. Civil Rights Act of 1875 ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction 56. Mugwumps ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Blaine-Cleveland Mudslingers of 1884 57. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-Reconstruction South 58. Chinese Exclusion Act ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 7 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 59. United States vs. Wong Kim Ark ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes 60. “Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion” ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Blaine-Cleveland Mudslingers of 1884 61. Billion-Dollar Congress ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Billion-Dollar Congress 62. Farmers’ Alliance ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Drumbeat of Discontent The Billion-Dollar Congress 63. People’s Party (Populists) ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Drumbeat of Discontent 64. Homestead Strike ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Drumbeat of Discontent 65. Colored Farmers’ National Alliance ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Drumbeat of Discontent 66. repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Cleveland and Depression 67. Wilson-Gorman Tariff ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Cleveland Breeds a Backlash Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 8 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 68. McKinley Tariff ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Billion-Dollar Congress 69. Despite his status as a military hero, General Ulysses S. Grant proved to be a weak political leader because he a. was personally dishonest and corrupt. b. did not believe in the principles of the Republican party. c. was incapable of striking the type of political compromises necessary for a successful political leader. d. had no political experience and was a poor judge of character. e. lacked political ambition. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The “Bloody Shirt” Elects Grant 70. In the presidential election of 1868, Ulysses S. Grant a. transformed his personal popularity into a large majority in the popular vote. b. owed his victory to the votes of former slaves. c. gained his victory by winning the votes of the majority of whites. d. won a clear majority of electoral votes in the Electoral College, but narrowly lost the popular vote in the country. e. All of these choices are correct. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The “Bloody Shirt” Elects Grant 71. In the late nineteenth century, those political candidates who campaigned by “waving the bloody shirt” were reminding voters a. of the gory memories of the Civil War and the Republican party’s role in the Union’s victory. b. that the Civil War had been caused by the election of a Republican president. c. that Republicans had reformed the corrupt radical regimes in the Reconstruction South. d. that radical Republicans catered to freed slaves during Reconstruction. e. of Ku Klux Klan violence against blacks. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The “Bloody Shirt” Elects Grant Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 9 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 72. In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War a. the push for social, political, and economic reforms intensified and gained momentum in and out of state, local, and the federal government. b. Americans retained a strong sense of idealistic sacrifice. c. the North developed a strong sense of moral superiority. d. concern for racial questions took precedence over economics. e. waste, speculation, and corruption afflicted both business and government. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: A Carnival of Corruption The Era of Good Stealings 73. The example of New York’s Boss Tweed illustrated a.the typical lack of ethics of the Gilded Age, which also pervaded government in the form of bribery, graft, and fraudulent elections. b the concern of urban political bosses with representing the best political and economic interests of their urban . constitutients. c.the high value on honesty and ethics put on governing during this age. d the inability of the press and the legal establishment to take down a notoriously venal political figure after a . lifetime of managing a politically corrupt machine. e.the effectiveness of the federal government in ferreting out urban political corruption at an early stage in its development. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Era of Good Stealings 74. The Crédit Mobilier scandal involved a. public utility company bribes. b. Bureau of Indian Affairs payoffs. c. railroad construction kickbacks. d. bribes to French government officials in exchange to promises of favorable tariff treatment of French goods. e. manipulating agricultural commodities traded on the Chicago Board of Trade. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: A Carnival of Corruption Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 10 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 75. In an attempt to avoid prosecution for their corrupt dealings, the owners of the Crédit Mobilizer a. left the country. b. belatedly started to follow honest business practices. c. used shady bookkeeping to conceal their insider financial deals. d. tried to gain immunity by testifying before Congress. e. bribed key congressmen by giving them shares of the company’s valuable stock. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: A Carnival of Corruption 76. The Liberal Republican revolt from the regular Republican party in 1872 was motivated primarily by a dismay at the Republicans’ weakness in upholding radical Reconstruction in the South. . b a desire to see President Grant reelected among these Liberal Republicans and a fear that the regular Republican . Party would not renominate Grant for president because of his policies. c disgust at the corruption and scandals of the Grant administration. . d a fervent passion for reforms on behalf of women and blacks. . e a desire to strengthen the federal government’s regulation of big business. . ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Liberal Republican Revolt of 1872 77. President Ulysses S. Grant was reelected in 1872 because a. the Democrats and Liberal Republicans could not decide on a single candidate. b.he promised reforms in the political system. c. he was the only candidate who enjoyed support in both the North and South. d.the Democrats and Liberal Republicans chose the politically and personally eccentric and dubiously sound editor Horace Greeley as their candidate. e. of the massive support of black voters in the Reconstruction South. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Liberal Republican Revolt of 1872 Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 11 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 78. Match each politician below with the Republican political faction with which he was associated. A. B. C. D. Roscoe Conkling 1. “Half-Breeds” James Blaine 2. Stalwarts Horace Greeley 3. Regular Republicans Ulysses Grant 4. Liberal Republicans a. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1 b. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4 c. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 d. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 e. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Liberal Republican Revolt of 1872 Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age 79. A major cause of the panic that broke in 1873 was a. the issuance of millions of dollars in greenbacks. b. the expansion of more factories, railroads, and mines than existing markets would bear. c. a credit crunch caused by extremely high interest rates. d. Wall Street’s fears about the power of the radical Greenback Labor party. e. excessive speculation in mining stocks. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Depression, Deflation, and Inflation 80. As a solution to the depression that followed the panic of 1873, debtors strongly advocated a a return to gold as the only form of American money. . bestablishment of a federally regulated system of savings and loan banks. . c the appointment of farmers and workers to the Treasury Department. . dbankers making additional, greater loans at lower interest rates to finance new economic ventures by promoters . who were having trouble realizing profits from their previous railroad, mines, factory, and grainfield investments. e inflation through issuance of far more greenback paper currency. . ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Depression, Deflation, and Inflation Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 12 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 81. Black Americans were hard hit by the gloom times of the depression years of the mid 1870s because a. many had put their savings in the Freedman’s Savings and Trust, only to see it vanish due to bad investments by the savings bank. b. they did not set aside significant amounts of money for savings, preferring to spend or invest almost every dollar that they earned. c. mobs of unemployed workers took out their frustrations through violence against blacks. d. they lost what little money they owned to directly investing in speculation schemes that had gone bankrupt. e. None of these choices are correct. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Depression, Deflation, and Inflation 82. One result of Republican hard money policies in the mid-1870s was a. the rise of the American dollar against foreign currencies. b. damage to the country’s credit rating. c. the return to the silver “Dollar of Our Daddies” as the dominant form of U.S. money. d. the defeat of a Democratic House of Representatives in 1874. e. a political turn to the Democrats and the rise of the new Greenback Labor party. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Depression, Deflation, and Inflation 83. Those who enjoyed a successful political career in the post-Civil War decades were usually a. reformers. b. incorruptible. c. party loyalists. d. political independents and gadlfys. e. politicians who did not rely on Civil War veterans or their fraternal organizations for support. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 13 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 84. The presidential elections of the 1870s and 1880s a. were all won by Republicans. b. revolved primarily around the charismatic personalities running for the presidency. c. were all won by Democrats. d. usually involved sharp partisan differences over issues like currency policy and civil-service reform. e. aroused enormous turnouts among voters even though there were few significant issues. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: “Old Grover” Takes Over Cleveland Battles for a Lower Tariff Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age The Blaine-Cleveland Mudslingers of 1884 The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction The Hayes-Tilden Standoff, 1876 85. In religious and cultural terms, the Republicans appealed especially to groups that derived their views from a. transcendentalism and utopian traditions that opposed war and proposed alternatives to traditional marriage. b. Catholic and Lutheran traditions of creed, liturgy, and understanding of human weakness. c. Baptist tradition that feared government intrusion on personal and religious freedom. d. scientific tradition that saw religion as a fading force in American society. e. Puritan tradition of strict moral codes and government regulation of morality and society. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age 86. Despite the lack of national political issues, Gilded Age elections often produced fierce local contests over culturally and religiously charged issues like a. imperialism and foreign missions. b. prohibition and education. c. race relations and racial justice in the South. d. sexual morality and women’s rights. e. treatment of criminal prisoners and the mentally ill. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 14 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 87. During the Gilded Age, the lifeblood of both the Democratic and the Republican parties was/were a. political and social reform movements. b. the Roman Catholic Church. c. ideological commitment. d. big-city political machines. e. political patronage. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age 88. The political base of the Democratic party in the late nineteenth century lay especially in a. the small towns of the Northeast and the South. b. big business and those involved in international trade. c. Midwestern farmers. d. the white South and big-city immigrant machines. e. northern blacks and Asian immigrants. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age 89. Which of the following was not among the regional groups that formed the solid political base of the Republican party in the late nineteenth century? a. Immigrants living in the large Northeastern cities. b. Union Civil War veterans of the Grand Army of the Republic. c. Southern black freedmen d. Midwestern farmers and small merchants. e. Rural and small-town Northeast residents. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 15 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 90. The major electoral problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on a. who would be Speaker of the House. b. the two sets of different election returns, one Democratic, and one Republican, submitted by Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana. c. Samuel Tilden’s association with corrupt politicians of the Northeast. d. President Grant’s campaign for a third term. e. Rutherford Hayes’s controversial ties to U.S. Senator Roscoe Conkling and the Stalwarts. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction 91. The Compromise of 1877 resulted in a. a renewal of the Republican commitment to protect black civil rights in the South and the continued presence of federal troops in the South. b. the withdrawal of federal troops and abandonment of federal protection of black civil and voting rights in the South. c. the election of Democrat presidential candidate Samuel Tilden to the presidency. d. Republican support for an inflationary silver-money policy. e. None of these choices are correct. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction 92. The sequence of presidential terms of the “forgettable presidents” of the Gilded Age (including Cleveland’s two nonconsecutive terms) was a. Cleveland, Hayes, Harrison, Cleveland, Arthur, and Garfield. b. Garfield, Hayes, Harrison, Cleveland, Arthur, and Cleveland. c. Cleveland, Garfield, Arthur, Hayes, Harrison, and Cleveland. d. Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, and Cleveland. e. Hayes, Garfield, Harrison, Cleveland, Arthur, and Cleveland. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction Garfield and Arthtur The Blaine-Cleveland Mudslingers of 1884 “Old Grover” Takes Over The Drumbeat of Discontent Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 16 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 93. All of the following are true statements about the Civil Rights Act of 1875 except a. it marked a last political gasp of the congressional radical Republicans. b. it was supposed to guarantee equal rights in voting and access to education for blacks and whites. c. its purpose was to ensure equal accommodations in public places. d. it prohibited racial discrimination in jury selection. e. much of its content was deemed unconstitutional in the Civil Rights cases of 1883. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction 94. In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that a African Americans could be denied the right to vote. . bsegregation was always unconstitutional. . c “separate but equal” public schools and facilities were constitutional under the “equal protection” clause of the . Fourteenth Amendment. dthe Fourteenth Amendment protections of “equal protection” applied only to African Americans who could prove . that an individual segregated black school or facility was unequal to comparable white public school or public facility. e African Americans born as slaves could not sue in federal court. . ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-Reconstruction South 95. At the end of Reconstruction, Southern whites disenfranchised African Americans using a. literacy requirements. b. poll taxes. c. onerous and intimidating voter registration laws. d. lynching e. All of these choices are correct. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-Reconstruction South Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 17 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 96. Blacks who violated the Jim Crow laws or other elements of the South’s racial code were often a. criminally prosecuted in federal courts. b. ostracized by their own community. c. assailed from both white and black churches. d. losing their sharecropping and tenant farming employment. e. lynched by Southern whites. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-Reconstruction South 97. The legal codes that established the system of segregation were a. found only in the North. b. called Jim Crow laws. c. overturned by Plessy v. Ferguson. d. undermined by the crop lien system. e. unconnected to the informal separation of blacks and whites in the immediate post–Civil War years. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-Reconstruction South 98. Public executions and lynchings of black men in the Jim Crow South were a. retaliation for violent crimes against whites. b. designed to intimidate African Americans to accept second-class status. c. done to scare blacks into moving out of the South. d. exceeding rare during the decade between 1890 and 1900. e. prosecuted vigorously by Southern state and local legal authorities. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-Reconstruction South Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 18 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 99. Which of these is NOT a true statement about the relationship between blacks and sharecropping in the years after Reconstruction? a. As sharecroppers, blacks found themselves at the mercy of former masters who were now their landlords and creditors. b. Some merchants manipulated the system so that farmers remained perpetually in debt to them. c. Black sharecroppers often lived in conditions scarcely better than when they were slaves. d. White southerners did not work as sharecroppers. e. Sharecroppers barely scraped by economically. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-Reconstruction South 100. The presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes began with a. improved race relations in the South and the West b. increased overseas expansion. c. sharp class conflict and a national railroad strike. d. public demands for positive immigration reform. e. All of these choices are correct ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes 101. The national railroad strike of 1877 started when a. President Hayes refused to use troops to keep the trains running. b. the four largest railroads cut salaries by 10 percent. c. working hours were cut back by the railroad companies. d. the railroad workers refused to cross the picket lines of cargo loaders. e. the railroads tried to hire Chinese workers. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 19 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 102. The fundamental attitude of Hayes and other Republican administrations toward labor agitation was a. strong support for the railroads and other business in their efforts to crush labor organizing. b. attempts to establish the federal government as a neutral arbiter between business and labor. c. support for organized labor’s efforts to unionize various industries. d. to support reasonable regulation of business. e. to try to enlist farmers as a political counterbalance to industrial laborers. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes 103. Labor unrest during the Hayes administration stemmed from a. agitation by Communist sympathizers and other political radicals. b. workers being given the legal right to unionize by the federal government. c. the collapse of the steel industry. d. workers’ unreasonable demands and strikes for higher pay and benefits during a period of economic stagnation. e. years of depression and deflation that undermined workers’ wages and living standards. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes 104. In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the United States Congress a. negotiated a restricted-immigration agreement with China. b. did nothing, as it was California’s problem. c. prosecuted the Kearneyites and other inciters of anti-Kearneyites in San Francisco. d. sent many Chinese back to their homeland. e. passed a law prohibiting the immigration of Chinese laborers to America. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes 105. Which of the following internal developments in China resulted in Chinese immigration to the United States? a. The disintegration of the Chinese Empire b. The seizure of farmland by landlords c. The intrusion of European powers d. Internal political turmoil e. All of these choices are correct. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 20 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 106. The main reason(s) that the Chinese came to the United States from the 1850s until 1882 was/were to a. dig for gold and sledgehammer the tracks for the transcontinental railroad in the West. b. marry and raise families on the West Coast. c. replace the newly freed slaves in the South. d. buy their own farms and cultivate agriculture. e. work as skilled factory workers on the East Coast. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes Makers of America: The Chinese 107. The absence of children in largely all-male Chinese immigrant communities meant that a. the economic benefits of child labor were largely absent. b. the cultural and language assimilation fostered by children were harder to attain. c. many Chinese organizations sought to bring in adopted children from China. d. white social work agencies were slower to become involved with Chinese communities. e. education was seldom a priority in Chinese communities. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes 108. During the mid to late nineteenth century, Chinese women a. did not emigrate to the United States at all. b. settled mostly on the East Coast. c. outnumbered Chinese men as immigrants to the United States. d. were very few in number, and most became prostitutes. e. competed with Irish and black women for jobs in domestic service. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Makers of America: The Chinese 109. President James A. Garfield was assassinated a. by an ex-Confederate bitter at Garfield’s Union army service. b. by an unknown and an undiscovered assassin. c. by a jealous former lover. d. by a deranged, disappointed office seeker. e. by a political anarchist. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Garfield and Arthur Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 21 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 110. The Pendleton Act required people applying for many federal government jobs to a. take a competitive examination. b. present a written recommendation from a congressman or senator. c. agree to make financial contributions to their political party. d. submit a resume listing their experience and providing references. e. agree not to take a job in a related private business for two years after leaving government service. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Garfield and Arthur 111. With the Pendleton Act prohibiting political contributions from many federal workers, politicians increasingly sought money from a. new immigrants. b. contractors doing business with the federal government. c. factory workers and farmers. d. foreign contributors. e. big corporations. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Garfield and Arthur 112. The 1884 presidential election contest between James G. Blaine and Grover Cleveland was noted for a. its emphasis on policy differences on economic and social issues. b. low voter turnout. c. its viciously personal attacks between the two candidates. d. a landslide victory for the reform-minded Republicans. e. its absence of geographic sectionalism in the respective popular support of each candidate. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Blaine-Cleveland Mudslingers of 1884 113. Which one of the following Gilded Age presidents had a Democratic party affiliation, differing from the other four presidents? a. Ulysses S. Grant b. Rutherford Hayes c. Grover Cleveland d. Benjamin Harrison e. Chester Arthur ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: “Old Grover” Takes Over Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 22 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 114. In seeking congressional approval to enact lower tariffs in 1887, President Grover Cleveland a sought to reduce an embarrassing federal Treasury surplus of over $100 million. . b incurred the political wrath of nervous industrialists who provided heavy financial support to the Republicans and . their legally dubious vote buying operations during the 1888 presidential election. c divided and demoralized his own Democratic party, which was forced to fight the upcoming election over the . controversial tariff issue. d probably cost himself reelection in 1888 because the tariff issue mobilized the Republicans quite effectively. . e All of these choices are correct. . ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Cleveland Battles for a Lower Tariff 115. Which of the following was not among the platform planks adopted by the Populist party in their convention of 1892? a. Government ownership of the railroads, telephone, and telegraph b. Free and unlimited coinage of silver in the ratio of 16 to 1 c. The adoption of the initiative petition and the referendum d. Government guarantees of parity prices for farmers e. Immigration restrictions ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Drumbeat of Discontent 116. An epidemic of violent strikes and labor conflict in 1892 led to the prospect of a. a switch of urban workers from the Democratic to the Republican party. b. Populists declaring their opposition to immigration restrictions. c. Populist support for a revolutionary overthrow of reactionary state governments. d. the Populists adding industrial workers to their base of support among farmers. e. Grover Cleveland’s switch to a pro-labor and pro-farmer campaign platform. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Drumbeat of Discontent Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 23 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 117. The four states completely carried by the Populists in the election of 1892 were a. Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota. b. Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois. c. Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Kansas. d. Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Vermont. e. Kansas, Colorado, Idaho, and Nevada. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Drumbeat of Discontent 118. The conservative white Bourbon Democrats of the South largely succeeded in crushing the Populist revolt by a. demonstrating that Populist economic policies would harm Southern cotton interests. b. adopting some of the Populist economic policies to appeal to poor white farmers and their economic interests. c. bribing the Populist leadership to betray the rank and file. d. persuading black farmers that the Populists really did not have their interests at heart. e. appealing to poor white farmers’ antiblack racial feelings against their economic interests. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Drumbeat of Discontent 119. The early Populist campaign to create a coalition of poor white and poor black farmers resulted in a. a racist backlash that eliminated black voting in the South through the widespread use of literacy tests and poll taxes to deny blacks the ballot. b. the transformation of white Populist political leader Tom Watson into a fervent civil rights leader. c. an alignment of wealthy Bourbon whites with moderate blacks. d. a long-term political coalition between poor white and poor black farmers being sustained for many years. e. the emergence of Republican political power and the breakdown of Democratic political power in the South. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Drumbeat of Discontent 120. The political developments of the l890s were largely shaped by a. the widespread prosperity and federal budget surpluses. b. America’s growing involvement in overseas conflicts. c. the most severe and extended economic depression up to that time. d. the growing black rebellion against segregation and racial oppression. e. the deadlock among Republicans, Democrats, and Populists in Congress. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Cleveland and Depression Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 24 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 121. Economic unrest and the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act led to the rise in the 1890s of the pro-silver political leader a. Tom Watson. b. William Jennings Bryan. c. William McKinley. d. Thomas Reed. e. Samuel Gompers. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Cleveland and Depression 122. President Grover Cleveland aroused widespread public anger by his a. vetoing the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act. b. declining to take any federal government action to address the worst economic downturn of the nineteenth century. c. taking the United States off the gold standard. d. borrowing $65 million in gold from J.P. Morgan’s banking syndicate. e. wasting the federal surplus on pork-barrel spending. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Cleveland and Depression 123. President Cleveland’s hostility to silver and silver-backed currency was driven primarily by his fear that a. the growing drain of gold from the U.S. Treasury would force the United States off the gold standard. b. the unlimited supplies of silver within the United States would cause an extended depression. c. supporting free silver would be politically beneficial to Democrats such as William Jennings Bryan. d. soon gold and silver would both be replaced by strictly paper currency. e. the U.S. Treasury did not have sufficient capacity to store silver bullion at Fort Knox. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Cleveland and Depression 124. President Cleveland’s response to the depression of the 1890s demonstrated that he a. was able to work effectively with J.P. Morgan to address the problems of unemployment. b. understood the problems of urban workers better than those of farmers. c. had a weak grasp of the economic theory that lay behind the demand for free silver. d. was unable to deal effectively with such a massive economic crisis. e. was able to skillfully incorporate some Populist proposals into the Democratic party. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Cleveland and Depression Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 25 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 Each of the following multiple choice questions has multiple correct responses. Select the correct responses for each of the following questions. 125. The Liberal Republican movement favored a. an end to military Reconstruction in the South. b. civil-service reform. c. cheap money. d. denying Ulysses S. Grant a second term as president. e. a two-term limit on the presidency. ANSWER: a, b, d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Liberal Republican Revolt of 1872 126. In the Gilded Age, hard money policies were reflected in a. the Resumption Act of 1875. b. Congress formally dropping the coinage of silver dollars in 1873, the “Crime of ’73.” c. Grant’s veto of a bill to print more paper currency at the behest of creditors. d. the monetary policy of the Greenback Labor party. e. the demand for more coinage of silver. ANSWER: a, b, c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Depression, Deflation, and Inflation 127. In late-nineteenth century elections, Democrats could generally count on the support of a. the white South. b. northern industrial cities. c. immigrant groups. d. the Midwest. e. Catholics and Lutherans. ANSWER: a, b, c, e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age 128. In the late nineteenth century, the Republican party was associated with the cultural values of a. religions derived from the Puritan tradition. b. a highly permissive personal morality c. toleration of moral and cultural differences in an imperfect world. d. government involvement in moral and economic affairs. e. belief in a common set of American moral values. ANSWER: a, d, e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 26 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 129. Compare and contrast the Democratic and Republican parties of the late 1800s in terms of their leadership, their position on issues, and the constituencies to whom they appealed. ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Depression, Deflation, and Inflation Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction The Blaine-Cleveland Mudslingers of 1884 Cleveland Battles for a Lower Tariff The Billion-Dollar Congress The Drumbeat of Discontent Cleveland and Depression Cleveland Breeds a Backlash 130. Why did late-nineteenth-century presidential elections tend to focus on the personalities of the candidates rather than on real issues? ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age The Compromise of 1877 and the end of Reconstruction The Blaine-Cleveland Mudslingers of 1884 131. Was the Compromise of 1877 a necessary attempt to avoid a possible renewal of Civil War or a cynical, selfinterested political bargain whose real victims were abandoned African Americans? Cite specific examples to support your view. ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Hayes-Tilden Standoff, 1876 The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction 132. Why was there such a notable lowering of ethical standards in American politics and business immediately following the high idealism of the Civil War? What was the political response to the lowering of ethical standards in American politics in the 1870s and early 1880s? Was this political response effective in curbing corruption in American politics? ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: A Carnival of Corruption The Era of Good Stealings The Liberal Republican Revolt of 1872 Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age Garfield and Arthur 133. The railroad strike of 1877 was the first major national labor union work stoppage. What did the strike, and President Hayes’s response, reveal about the new American industrial economy? What did the result of the strike reveal about the power of the labor movement during this period in relation to the railroads and about the influence of government intervention on behalf of big business? ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 27 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 134. Was the white economic discrimination and oppression, politically exclusionary legislation, and organized violence directed against Chinese immigrants in the 1880s motivated primarily by a) racial animosity, b) white fear of Chinese labor competition in the West, or c) by a roughly equal combination of both elements? Cite specific historical examples in the text to support your argument. ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes Makers of America: The Chinese 135. List what appears to you to have been the requirements for election to high political office in the 1870s and 1880s. How did these seemingly extra-Constitutional requirements affect the quality, preparedness, and priorities of those candidates for high political office during this period? ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Era of Good Stealings A Carnival of Corruption Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-Reconstruction South Garfield and Arthur The Blaine-Cleveland Mudslingers of 1884 136. For one of only a few times in its history, the Treasury showed a surplus in the 1880s. Why did this development become a major political problem for President Cleveland? Was this political problem ultimately resolved by Congress and President Harrison in a way that economically benefited the country? If so, why? If not, why not? ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Cleveland Battles for a Lower Tariff The Billion-Dollar Congress 137. American politics in the late nineteenth century has been referred to as the “politics of equilibrium.” Why? List some consequences of this equilibrium in the party system. ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-Reconstruction South The Billion-Dollar Congress The Drumbeat of Discontent Cleveland and Depression Cleveland Breeds a Backlash Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 28 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 138. The presidents of the late nineteenth century have been referred to as merely “custodial,” that is, nonassertive and “forgettable.” Is this true? If so, why? ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: A Carnival of Corruption Depression, Deflation, and Inflation The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction Garfield and Arthur “Old Grover” Takes Over Cleveland Battles for a Lower Tariff The Billion-Dollar Congress The Drumbeat of Discontent Cleveland and Depression Cleveland Breeds a Backlash 139. Which of the following do you think was the most important issue of the late nineteenth century: the “bloody shirt,” the end of Reconstruction, tariffs, civil-service reform, or “hard” versus “soft” currency? Why did you select one of these above issues as the most important? ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The “Bloody Shirt” Elects Grant The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-Reconstruction South The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction Cleveland Battles for a Lower Tariff The Billion-Dollar Congress The Drumbeat of Discontent Cleveland and Depression Cleveland Breeds a Backlash 140. Why did white Populist leaders like Thomas Watson, who attempted to forge biracial coalitions, often turn viciously racist when those coalitions failed? After the Populist efforts to forge biracial coalitions failed in the early 1890s, was it inevitable that the little remaining African American suffrage in the South would be totally extinguished? If so, why? ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-Reconstruction South The Drumbeat of Discontent 141. Explain the seeming paradox that at a time when successful presidential candidates were usually bland and forgettable, public enthusiasm for election campaigning was at an all-time high. ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The “Bloody Shirt” Elects Grant Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age The Hayes-Tilden Standoff, 1876 Garfield and Arthur The Blaine-Cleveland Mudslingers of 1884 Cleveland Battles for a Lower Tariff The Drumbeat of Discontent Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 29 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 142. One historian claims that in the Gilded Age, “Democrats were separated from Republicans more by accident of national origin, geography, history, and emotion than by economic issues.” Elaborate. ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Cleveland Battles for a Lower Tariff Cleveland Breeds a Backlash The Billion-Dollar Congress The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-Reconstruction South The Blaine-Cleveland Mudslingers of 1884 The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction Cleveland and Depression 143. How did racial issues and ethnic clashes, including those involving Chinese immigration, affect economic and political developments of the Gilded Age? ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes Makers of America: The Chinese 144. What explains the rise of the Populist party in the 1890s? Were the Populists reflecting only farmers’ discontent, or did they express a deeper and wider political disaffection with the shortcomings of the two-party system in addressing adequately serious economic problems in the country? ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Drumbeat of Discontent Cleveland and Depression Cleveland Breeds a Backlash 145. Was Grover Cleveland’s gold deal with J.P. Morgan justified? Why or why not? ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Cleveland and Depression Cleveland Breeds a Backlash 146. What were the short-term and long-term causes and effects of the depression that devastated the United States from 1893 to 1897? ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Drumbeat of Discontent Cleveland and Depression Cleveland Breeds a Backlash Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 30 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 23—Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 147. How could the Populists have broadened their political platform to appeal equally to poor black farmers, poor white farmers, and the white industrial working class? What political, economic, and racial factors probably prevented the Populists from broadening their platform in the manner you have described above? ANSWER: Student answers will vary. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-Reconstruction South The Drumbeat of Discontent Varying Viewpoints: The Populists: Radicals or Reactionaries? Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 31