Test Bank for Career Development Interventions, 6th Edition

Test Bank – Chapter 2 Essay Questions 1. You have a career counseling client whose Holland type is RIA. She is working in an environment that is classified as SEC. With regard to this client, what can you say about consistency and congruence? 2. If you were to administer Holland’s Self-Directed Search to an individual and she has the following raw scores on the six types, what can you conclude about the differentiation and meaning of her scores? R= 20 I= 45 A= 15 S=40 E=30 C=10 3. List and briefly describe Super’s 5 life-span stages. Do you think that these stages are relevant today? If not, how and why are they different? 4. List and briefly describe the four stages of cognitive development described by Gottfredson. 5. Define worldview generalizations and how, according to Krumboltz, they impact career decision-making. 6. Of the theories reviewed in this chapter, which do you think would be most helpful in designing a program of interventions for middle and high schools? Why? Multiple Choice Items 1. The three parts of Super’s segmental theory are life span, life space, and A. life time. B. life concept. C. life skills. D. self-concept. 2. In Super’s theory, adolescents’ readiness for career decision making is known as A. career adaptability. B. career maturity. C. social learning. D. decisiveness. 3. Self-concepts developed through comparison of the self with others are known as A. cognitive. B. developmental. C. subjective. D. objective. 4. One factor that influences life role salience is A. genetics. B. circumscription. C. educational aspirations. D. the dominant culture. 5. According to Gottfredson, the ____ represents a person’s conclusions as to their fit in society. A. occupational choice. B. compromise. C. self-creation. D. social space. 6. According to Super, methods used to guide and clarify vocational identities for clients are A. cognitive behavioral. B. developmental. C. both of the above. D. neither of the above. 7. In Gottfredson’s model, the process of eliminating unacceptable occupational alternatives based primarily on gender and social class is labeled A. circumscription. B. compromise. C. congruence. D. salience. 8. According to Anne Roe’s personality theory of career choice, people choose occupational fields based on their _______ which were influenced by the childhood environments that they experienced. A. interests B. parents’ occupations C. need structures D. attachment to their parental figure 9. In terms of Holland’s theory, congruence describes the degree of fit between an individual’s personality type and that of his or her A. parents. B. current boss. C. current or prospective work environment. D. siblings. 10. In Holland’s model, the degree of relatedness within types, such that similar types are located next to each other and have more in common, is a concept called A. congruence. B. circumscription. C. adaptability. D. consistency. 11. Social learning theory identifies four factors that influence career decision making, including all of the following except A. genetic endowment and special abilities. B. environmental conditions and events. C. instrumental and associative learning experiences. D. self-observation generalizations. 12. According to Krumboltz, career concerns are least likely to arise from A. the absence of a goal (career indecision). B. expressed feelings of concern about high aspirations (unrealism). C. conflict between equally appropriate alternatives (multipotentiality). D. a presence of too many goals (indecisiveness). 13. Krumboltz proposes to use indecision in the counseling process as A. a desirable quality that motivates clients to seek alternative jobs elsewhere. B. a negative quality that motivates clients to engage in new learning experiences. C. a desirable quality that motivates clients to engage in new learning experiences. D. a negative quality that motivates clients to stick to their present situation. 14. The theory that has generated more research than any other is that of A. Super. B. Krumboltz. C. Holland. D. Gottfredson. 15. A person’s Holland code can be determined by A. taking the Self-Directed Search. B. taking the Vocational Preference Inventory. C. an interview conducted by a person with in-depth knowledge of the theory. D. all of the above. 16. Holland codes consistent with R are A. I and C. B. S and E. C. A and C. D. I and S. 17. According to Holland, a well-differentiated Holland code profile with high consistency predicts A. less conflict of career choice. B. instability on the job. C. reduced congruence. D. difficulty finding a job. 18. Super’s Career Rainbow, a depiction of his definition of career, A. displays 9 life roles. B. shows the time commitment of each role. C. shows the intensity of each role. D. can do all of the above. 19. The term “planned happenstance” is associated with the theory of A. Holland. B. Super. C. Krumboltz. D. Gottfredson. 20. The width of a band in Super’s career rainbow illustrates its A. salience. B. intensity. C. level of satisfaction. D. congruence. Test Bank – Chapter 2 Essay Questions 1. You have a career counseling client whose Holland type is RIA. She is working in an environment that is classified as SEC. With regard to this client, what can you say about consistency and congruence? 2. If you were to administer Holland’s Self-Directed Search to an individual and she has the following raw scores on the six types, what can you conclude about the differentiation and meaning of her scores? R= 20 I= 45 A= 15 S=40 E=30 C=10 3. List and briefly describe Super’s 5 life-span stages. Do you think that these stages are relevant today? If not, how and why are they different? 4. List and briefly describe the four stages of cognitive development described by Gottfredson. 5. Define worldview generalizations and how, according to Krumboltz, they impact career decision-making. 6. Of the theories reviewed in this chapter, which do you think would be most helpful in designing a program of interventions for middle and high schools? Why? Multiple Choice Items 1. The three parts of Super’s segmental theory are life span, life space, and A. life time. B. life concept. C. life skills. D. self-concept. 2. In Super’s theory, adolescents’ readiness for career decision making is known as A. career adaptability. B. career maturity. C. social learning. D. decisiveness. 3. Self-concepts developed through comparison of the self with others are known as A. cognitive. B. developmental. C. subjective. D. objective. 4. One factor that influences life role salience is A. genetics. B. circumscription. C. educational aspirations. D. the dominant culture. 5. According to Gottfredson, the ____ represents a person’s conclusions as to their fit in society. A. occupational choice. B. compromise. C. self-creation. D. social space. 6. According to Super, methods used to guide and clarify vocational identities for clients are A. cognitive behavioral. B. developmental. C. both of the above. D. neither of the above. 7. In Gottfredson’s model, the process of eliminating unacceptable occupational alternatives based primarily on gender and social class is labeled A. circumscription. B. compromise. C. congruence. D. salience. 8. According to Anne Roe’s personality theory of career choice, people choose occupational fields based on their _______ which were influenced by the childhood environments that they experienced. A. interests B. parents’ occupations C. need structures D. attachment to their parental figure 9. In terms of Holland’s theory, congruence describes the degree of fit between an individual’s personality type and that of his or her A. parents. B. current boss. C. current or prospective work environment. D. siblings. 10. In Holland’s model, the degree of relatedness within types, such that similar types are located next to each other and have more in common, is a concept called A. congruence. B. circumscription. C. adaptability. D. consistency. 11. Social learning theory identifies four factors that influence career decision making, including all of the following except A. genetic endowment and special abilities. B. environmental conditions and events. C. instrumental and associative learning experiences. D. self-observation generalizations. 12. According to Krumboltz, career concerns are least likely to arise from A. the absence of a goal (career indecision). B. expressed feelings of concern about high aspirations (unrealism). C. conflict between equally appropriate alternatives (multipotentiality). D. a presence of too many goals (indecisiveness). 13. Krumboltz proposes to use indecision in the counseling process as A. a desirable quality that motivates clients to seek alternative jobs elsewhere. B. a negative quality that motivates clients to engage in new learning experiences. C. a desirable quality that motivates clients to engage in new learning experiences. D. a negative quality that motivates clients to stick to their present situation. 14. The theory that has generated more research than any other is that of A. Super. B. Krumboltz. C. Holland. D. Gottfredson. 15. A person’s Holland code can be determined by A. taking the Self-Directed Search. B. taking the Vocational Preference Inventory. C. an interview conducted by a person with in-depth knowledge of the theory. D. all of the above. 16. Holland codes consistent with R are A. I and C. B. S and E. C. A and C. D. I and S. 17. According to Holland, a well-differentiated Holland code profile with high consistency predicts A. less conflict of career choice. B. instability on the job. C. reduced congruence. D. difficulty finding a job. 18. Super’s Career Rainbow, a depiction of his definition of career, A. displays 9 life roles. B. shows the time commitment of each role. C. shows the intensity of each role. D. can do all of the above. 19. The term “planned happenstance” is associated with the theory of A. Holland. B. Super. C. Krumboltz. D. Gottfredson. 20. The width of a band in Super’s career rainbow illustrates its A. salience. B. intensity. C. level of satisfaction. D. congruence.